1、AWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009An American National StandardSpecification forResistance Weldingof Carbon andLow-Alloy Steels550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126AWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteAugust 22, 2008Specification forResistance Welding
2、 ofCarbon and Low-Alloy Steels2nd EditionSupersedes AWS C1.4M/C1.4:1999Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) C1 Committee on Resistance WeldingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides the shear streng
3、th and weld button diameter requirements for carbon steel and low-alloy steelsheet resistance and projection welds.iiAWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-511-1American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2008 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reser
4、vedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to
5、 photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danver
6、s, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that h
7、ave been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies,
8、 their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal aut
9、hority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus stan
10、dards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accurac
11、y of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publicati
12、on, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or e
13、ntity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given ci
14、rcumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not aut
15、horize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the AWS does not
16、monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technica
17、l requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex
18、 B).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the
19、particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This stand
20、ard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS C1 Committee on Resistance Welding. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions,or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this sta
21、ndard are required and should be addressedto AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS C1 Committee on ResistanceWelding and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests areinvited to attend all meetings of the AWS
22、 C1 Committee on Resistance Welding to express their comments verbally.Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation ofthe Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550N.
23、W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009vAWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009PersonnelAWS C1 Committee on Resistance WeldingW. H. Brafford, Chair Tuffaloy ProductsA. M. Alonso, Secretary American Welding SocietyB. J. Bastian Benmar AssociatesJ. C. Bohr General MotorsR.
24、K. Cohen WeldComputer CorporationG. J. Daumeyer Athena PlusP. G. Harris Reboog, IncorporatedM. Hebert General MotorsK. Hofman RoMan Engineering ServicesB. Kelly Kelly Welding SolutionsD. P. Kelly Fusion Welding SolutionsM. Kimchi Edison Welding InstituteW. F. Qualls ConsultantN. S. Scotchmer Huys In
25、dustries LimitedD. J. Walker Centerline (Windsor) LimitedAWS C1 Task Group for Document Preparation and RevisionW. H. Brafford Tuffaloy ProductsJ. C. Bohr General MotorsW. F. Qualls ConsultantThis page is intentionally blank.viAWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009viiAWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009ForewordThis foreword is not par
26、t of AWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009, Specification for Resistance Weldingof Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels, but is included for informational purposes only.The first edition of C1.4M/C1.4, Specification for Resistance Welding of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels, replaced thefollowing documents:MIL-W-12332A, Welding, R
27、esistance, Spot, Seam and Projection, for Fabricating Assemblies of Low Carbon SteelMIL-W-45223A, Welding Spot Hardenable SteelMIL-W-46154, Welding, Resistance, Spot and Projection for Fabricating Assemblies of Carbon Steel SheetsMIL-W-6858 and/or AMSW-6858 may take precedence over this standard bas
28、ed on contract specification.All revisions to the 1999 edition are identified by a vertical line in the margin next to the text.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS C1 Committee on Resistance Welding, American Welding Soc
29、iety, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.viiiAWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009ixAWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009Table of ContentsPage No.PersonnelvForeword viiList of Tables xList of Figures.x1. Scope.12. Normative References .13. Terms and Definitions.14. General .24.1 Materials .24.2 Mat
30、erial Coatings24.3 Surface Conditions24.4 Part Fitup.25. Welding Equipment Requirements .25.1 Welding Tool 25.2 Resistance Welding Control .85.3 Welding Current .85.4 Roll Spot or Seam Welding Travel Speed 86. Preproduction Requirements .86.1 Validation of Welding Equipment and Welding Procedures86.
31、2 Visual Examination and Tolerances of Welded Assembly or Test Specimen .86.3 Tests 96.4 Correlation of Welding Procedure Monitoring with Test Results96.5 Recording of Results.96.6 Rejection .97. Production Requirements.97.1 Control of Production .97.2 Welded Assembly Inspection .9Annex A (Informati
32、ve)Informative References .15Annex B (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries.17List of AWS Documents on Resistance Welding.19xAWS C1.4M/C1.4:2009List of TablesTable Page No.1 Weld Button Diameter Requirements for Resistance Spot Welds of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels 32 Weld
33、 Button Diameter Requirements for Resistance Projection Welds of Carbon andLow-Alloy Steel Sheet43 Weld Button Diameter Requirements for Resistance Seam Welds of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels.54 Tension-Shear Strength Requirements for Resistance Spot Welds of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels.65 Tension-She
34、ar Strength Requirements for Resistance Single Projection Welds of Carbon andLow-Alloy Steels 76 Welding Procedure Specification Factors Requiring Validation or Revalidation8List of FiguresFigure Page No.1 Peel Test92 Measurement of a Weld Button Resulting from the Peel Test .103 Tension-Shear Test
35、Specimen 114a U-Test Specimen.124b U-Test Specimen.13AWS C1.4M/C1.4:200911. ScopeThis specification establishes welding equipment require-ments and welding procedures used to produce welds ofacceptable quality in coated and uncoated carbon andlow-alloy steels, including mild steels and high strength
36、low-alloy (HSLA) steels.This standard makes use of both the International Systemof Units (SI) and U.S. Customary Units. The latter areshown within brackets ( ), or in appropriate columnsin tables and figures. The measurements may not beexact equivalents; therefore, each system must be usedindependen
37、tly.It is strongly recommended that all operators becomethoroughly familiar with all aspects of safe operation.Safety and Health information is available from varioussources, including, but not limited to AWS C1.1/C1.1M,Recommended Practices for Resistance Welding, ANSIZ49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutt
38、ing, and Allied Processes,and applicable federal, state, and local regulations. Formore information on safety and health in resistance weld-ing, see Annex A, Informative References.2. Normative ReferencesThe standard listed below contains provisions, which,through reference in this text, constitute
39、mandatory pro-visions of this AWS standard. For undated references,the latest edition of the referenced standard shall apply.For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revi-sions of, any of these publications do not apply.AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions,Including Terms for A
40、dhesive Bonding, Brazing, Solder-ing, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying.3. Terms and DefinitionsThe terms listed are used in various sections of this docu-ment and require definition for correct interpretation.Most of these terms are not contained in AWS A3.0,Standard Welding Terms and Definitio
41、ns, IncludingTerms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering, Ther-mal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying, or if they are listedin AWS A3.0, their definitions have been enhanced toclarify their use in this document.For the purposes of this document, the following termsand definitions apply:cross- or u-ten
42、sion test. A destructive test to measurespot weld strength and button size with the test weldin the plane perpendicular (direct tension) to theapplied load.fitup. The resultant condition of the workpieces havingbeen brought together for welding.governing material thickness (t). The thickness of thet
43、hinnest member of two contacting surfaces is thegoverning material thickness of a weld joint. Weldingrequirements are based on this thickness.high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel. Steels with a lowpercentage of carbon and a yield strength of at least340 MPa 49 ksi.minimum button diameter. A resistan
44、ce weld, whenmeasured, whose pulled button diameter at the fayingsurface is equal to the minimum values shown inTable 1, 2, or 3.nominal button diameter. Desired average resistanceweld, when measured, whose pulled button diameterat the faying surface is in accordance with the nomi-nal values shown i
45、n Tables 1, 2, and 3.setup button diameter. A resistance weld, when mea-sured, whose pulled button diameter at the faying sur-face is equal to the values shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.These values are attained at initial setup or after main-Specification for Resistance Weldingof Carbon and Low-Alloy S
46、teelsAWS C1.4M/C1.4:20092tenance using the proper electrode size, shape, andconfiguration within the recorded machine procedure.tension-shear test. A destructive test to measure spotweld strength with the test weld in the same plane(shear orientation) as the applied load.terne. An alloy of lead cont
47、aining 3%15% tin used as ahot dip coating for steel.welding procedure. For a given weld or assembly, arecorded qualified procedure including all factorsinfluencing the welds, such as, but not limited to:(1) Joint being welded;(2) Material composition, thickness, and coating;(3) Cleaning requirements
48、;(4) Complete welding schedule including weldingcurrent and voltage;(5) Order that the welds are made, weld location, andquantity; and(6) Electrode force, style, shape, and material.4. GeneralAn acceptable weld has a pulled button diameter greaterthan the minimums shown in Table 1 for spot welds,Tab
49、le 2 for projection welds, or Table 3 for seam welds.At the start of a production run, the welding machine,tooling and setup should be able to produce a pulled but-ton diameter as close as practical to the setup values asshown in the tables, or per established quality plan,which may include statistical methods. For recom-mended guidelines to obtain the desired setup buttondiameter or seam width, see AWS C1.1M/C1.1, Recom-mended Practices for Resistance Welding. As productionwelding continues, the button diameter may decrease insize to the minimum button diameter. When the buttondiame
