1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES Specification for Primary active lithium batteries for use in aircraft BS 26 239 : 1992 BS 26 239 : 1992 Foreword This edition of this British Standard, which has been prepared under the direction of the Aerospace Standards Policy Committee, introduces technical cha
2、nges but it does not reflect a full review or revision of the standard, which will be undertaken in due course. It introduces revised and additional tests for primary lithium batteries to assist manufacturers to overcome difficulties experienced when implementing the previous standard. It supersedes
3、 BS G 239 : 1987 which is withdrawn. This British Standard specifies requirements and tests for type approval and quality assurance for primary lithium batteries designed for use in aircraft and specifies general design requirements applicable to such batteries. Examples of an individual specificati
4、on sheet and form of Declaration of Design and Performance are given in annexes A and . Methods of determining electrical performance, including service output, are included. It is not the purpose of this standard to specify particular sizes but a range of chemical systems based on lithium is covere
5、d. The type approval tests contained in this ritish Standard include an evaluation of intrinsic safety. Additionally, guidance for users of batteries is included in annex C. This British Standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precaution
6、s are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and expe
7、rienced people. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. BS 26 239 : 1992 Contents Page Foreword Inside front page Committees responsible Back page Specification 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Scope References Definitions Individual specification shee
8、t Identification and marking Design Type approval Electrical tests Environmental tests Storage tests Safety tests 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 7 7 8 9 Quality assurance 11 Annexes A (normative) Example of an individual specification sheet 13 B (informative) Example of form of Declaration of Design and Performance
9、14 C (informative) Guidance for battery users 17 Lttbles 1 2 2 %st levels 9 Figures 1 Type approval test programme 5 2 Suggested support method for cylindrical and rectangular cells 12 Typical chemical systems used in primary active lithium batteries List of references Inside back page 1 BS 26 239 :
10、 1992 Specification 1 Scope This British Standard specifies design, type approval and quality assurance requirements for all primary active lithium batteries for use in aircraft. NOTE 1. Typical examples of the chemical systems employed in the cells from which the batteries are constructed are given
11、 in table 1. NOTE 2. The manufacturer is encouraged to refer the purchaser to the information contained in annex C ible 1. Typical chemical systems used in primary active lithium batteries Chemical system Li-SOC12 (lithium-thionyl chloride) Li-MnO2 (lithium-manganese dioxide) Li-(CF,), (lithium-poly
12、carbon Li-SO2 (lithium-sulfur dioxide) Li-Cu4O(PO b) for a coin cell, the centre of one face of the cell; e) for rectangular and irregular shaped cells, the centre of the side with the largest surface area. 4 Individual specification sheet The manufacturer shall prepare an individual specification s
13、heet for each type of battery produced. The individual specification sheet shall define the values for parameters given in annex A. 2 BS 26 239 : 1992 5 Identification and marking 5.1 At least the following information shall be clearly and indelibly marked on the battery casing, except for those bat
14、teries referred to in 5.2: a) LITHIUM BATERY (in block capitals); b) chemical system employed (words or chemical symbols) ; e) manufacturers name or identification; d) manufacturers type or part number; e) nominal battery voltage; f) CAUTION: NEVER CHARGE, SHORT CIRCUIT, PUNCTURE, DEFORM OR INCINERA
15、TE. REMOVE WHEN DISCHARGED. (in block capitals); g) Positive terminal polarity. 5.2 Where lithium batteries are too small to incorporate all the information required by 5.1, such batteries shall, at a minimum, be identified by the items detailed in 5. Id and 5. lg, and the full infomation reqiiired
16、hJ 5.1 shall accornpay the battery on a separate leaflet. 6 Design 6.1 General construction NOTE. It is essential that the battery be constructed such that the risk of failure due to rough handling is minimized. No cell interconnections shall be exposed such that they can be accidentally damaged or
17、present a risk of electrical short circuit. 6.2 Battery case The casing of the battery shall be of a material and form which satisfy the environmental tests given in clause 9. Additionally the material used shall be of low flammability such that it satisfies Joint Airworthiness Requirements, Part 25
18、, paragraph 25.853(b) i. The manufacturer shall define on the individual specification sheet the method of in-service mounting employed for the type tests. Any restrictions on the method of mounting shall be declared on the Declaration of Design and Performance (6.10) under Limitations. 6.3 Venting
19、All cells shall incorporate a pressure relief mechanism or shall be so constructed that they will relieve excessive internal pressure at a value and rate which will preclude explosion or self-ignition. If encapsulation is necessary to support the cells within the outer case, the type of encapsulant
20、and the method of encapsulation shall not cause the battery to overheat under normal operation nor inhibit the operation of the pressure relief mechanism. The battery case material and/or its final assembly shall be so designed that, in the event of one or more cells venting, the battery case does n
21、ot present a hazard in its own right. 6.4 Protective devices 6.4.1 General Batteries shall be so designed that they do not present a safety hazard under all normal and electrically abusive conditions of use. NOTE. To meet this requirement it may be necessary to provide the devices specified in 6.4.2
22、 to 6.4.4. When the devices specified in 6.4.2 to 6.4.4 are provided, they shall: a) form an integral part of the battery; b) not be susceptible to short-circuiting or any failure which will allow them to be bypassed; e) not be replaceable by the user; d) be rated such that the reliable operation of
23、 the battery over the full range of operating and environmental conditions is not inhibited. 6.4.2 Overload protection The battery shall comply with the short circuit requirement (see 11.7). NOTE. This may be achieved by the incorporation of a suitable device. 6.4.3 Charge protection Where the possi
24、bility of external charging exists, the battery shall be provided with a series diode or other protective device. Parallel-connected series strings of cells in a battery shall be protected from internal charge by the inclusion of a series diode or other device in each string. 6.4.4 Reverse polarity
25、The battery shall comply with the forced discharge requirement (see 11.4) by the inclusion of a shunt diode or other device across each cell, if necessary. 6.5 Electrical outputs Single voltage output batteries shall be employed wherever possible. Batteries shall not derive multi-voltage outputs by
26、means of series chain tappings. 6.6 Electrical terminals Output terminations shall be mechanically polarized. If flying leads are employed, these shall be made from an approved aircraft cable and be suitably terminated to prevent accidental discharge. NOTE. It is essential that the output terminatio
27、ns be shrouded so as to minimize the risk of an electrical short circuit. 6.7 Attitude Batteries shall be suitable for operation in any attitude. BS 26 239 : 1992 6.8 Fixing Batteries shall be provided with means of attachment to the structure unless they are designed to be closely fitted within an
28、equipment. 6.9 Environmental conditions 6.9.1 Temperature The battery shall be suitable for operation over at least the temperature range TL to TH and shall not be deranged by exposure (non-operation) to the temperature range -40 OC to 75 OC or the temperature range specified in the individual speci
29、fication sheet. 6.9.2 Altitude The battery shall be suitable for operation over the altitude/pressure range - 457 m ( - 1500 ft), 106.94 kPa to + 16 764 m (+ 55 O00 ft), 9.12 kPa on the pressure range specified in the individual specification sheet. 6.10 Declaration A Declaration of Design and Perfo
30、rmance shall be prepared for each battery type. NOTE. The format in annex B is strongly recommended and should be used unless otherwise required by the Design Authority. 7 Type approval 7.1 General 7.1.1 Type approval of a battery shall be based upon the tests given in clauses 8, 9 and 10 as determi
31、ned in the individual specification sheet and in clause 11. The manufacturer shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Approving Authority1) that the batteries comply with the requirements of this standard. NOTE 1. The Approving Authority will signify type approval of the battery by the issue of
32、the appropriate certification. NOTE 2. The Approving Authority may, on a discretionary basis, grant an approval before the completion of the storage tests (clause 10) on the basis of an appropriate technical submission. 7.1.2 Except for those batteries detailed in 11.1, batteries subjected to type a
33、pproval testing shall be to a defined build standard and be made using production tooling and assembly techniques and at the production plant at which production is intended. The manufacturer shall ensure that the plant is approved by the appropriate Quality Assurance Authority for the manufacture o
34、f the appropriate battery type. The type approval batteries shall in every way be representative of normal production and shall have successfully passed at least the following production acceptance tests prior to submission for type approval. a) Dimmiom and mass. The dimensions and mass of the batte
35、ries shall be measured and shall comply with the controlled outline and interface drawings. b) Identification. The information displayed on each battery shall comply with that required by the individual specification sheet and by clause 5. 7.1.3 Type approval of a battery to this standard shall rela
36、te solely to its use in the application(s) stated in the individual specification sheet; it shall not be taken as an approval for general application. 7.2 Type approval tests 7.2.1 The appropriate numbers of batteries shall be subjected to type approval tests in accordance with figure 1. No cell in
37、any of the type approval test batch of batteries shall leak, vent or explode or in any other way discharge its contents except where subjected to the test in 11.1. NOTE. Because of the long storage capability of the batteries covered by this specification, interim approval may be granted by the Appr
38、oving Authority after the successful completion of all tests, excluding the long-term storage testing of batteries in excess of 1 year. 7.2.2 Unless otherwise specified in a given test, all tests shall be carried out at the prevailing temperature, pressure and humidity. Where these parameters are sp
39、ecified in a given test, the values given shall be subject to the following tolerances: a) temperature f 2 oc; c) relative humidity b) pressure k 1 kPa; f 10 %. 7.2.3 The test equipment used for the type approval tests shall, unless otherwise specified in this standard, have at least the following d
40、egree of accuracy and have a range appropriate to the quantity being measured. a) Voltmeters shall conform to BS 89 : Part 2 : 1990, class index 0.3. b) Ammeters shall conform to BS 89 : Part 2 : 1990, class index 0.3. c) Thermometers shall have an accuracy of 1 OC. d) Chronometers shall have an acc
41、uracy not exceeding 2 % for periods less than 10 s, 0.5 % for periods between 10 s and 24 h, and 0.1 % for periods greater than 24 h. e) Resistors shall have an accuracy of 0.5 % up to 100 W dissipation and 1.0 % above 100 W dissipation. )The Approving Authorities for batteries for British civil air
42、craft and military aircraft are, respectively, the Airworthiness Division of the Civil Aviation Authority (or a Design Authority approved by them) or the Ministry of Defence. 4 BS 26 239 : 1992 9 batteries 9 batteries Insulation resistance (ail) (8.1) Open circuit voltage (ail) (8.2) Electrical (18
43、batteries) Environmental (18 batteries and parts) Storage (9 batteries per withdrawal) Safety (8 or 17 batteries and 7 cells) Desert Jungle Temperate (10.1.2) (10.1.3) (10.1.1) I 9 batteries (withdrawai schedule as on specification rheet) I Rated capacity (8.4.2) Voltage delay (8.3) Duty discharge d
44、uration (8.4.1) I Rated capacity (8.4.2) I 3 3 3 battencs batteries batteries TL 20 “C TI 1 3 3 3 battenes battenes battenes Ti, 20 “C T” 3 3 3 batteries batteries batteries TL 20 “C TH l l 3 batteries (i batteries 2 batteries 2 batteries 2 batteries 2 batteries 5 cells I 2 cells I I 1 9 batteries O
45、ver discharge (i 1.5) Shock Case Temperature Short Forced discharge Charging (11.6) (i 1.2) contanment cycling circuit (11.4) (if reqiured) (if required) (11.1) (11.3) (11.7) I High teinperaturc 1 (11.8.1) High temperature 2 (11.8.2) Piece parts or batteries 9 batteries 4 batteries 2 battenes 3 batt
46、eries I Rapid Mould growth 3 3 3 (9.3) decompression (9.5) Fluid contamination (9.6) batteries batteries battenes (9.7) I I i l Undischarged Discharged at rated capacity 1 I 3 batteries 3 battenes -20 “C -20 “C Bump (9.4) Acceleration Vibration Acceleration 19.la) (9.2) (9.lb) Figure 1. Type approva
47、l test programme 5 6 blank BS 26 239 : 1992 7.3 Maintenance of approval On approval, the design of the batteries shall be frozen and the drawings sealed. No change shall be made to the design without prior advice to the Approving Authority. NOTE. Any such design changes may invalidate the approval a
48、nd necessitate full or partial repetition of the type approval tests to reinstate the approval. 7.4 Preparation for test Batteries selected for test shall have been manufactured not less than 4 weeks and not more than 12 weeks prior to the commencement of test, and shall have been stored at a temper
49、ature of 20 OC f 5 OC during the intervening period. Unless otherwise specified in a given test , batteries shall be held at the specified test temperature for not less than 16 h and not more than 24 h prior to commencement of any test, and the specified ambient temperature (see 7.2.2) shall be maintained throughout the test period. 7.5 Applicability of safety tests 7.5.1 Case containment test This test (see 11.1) shall be applied to all batteries. NOTE. Where there is evidence that a cell cannot be forced to vent if it is subjected to electrical abuse (other than ch
