1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3532:1990 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Method of specifying Unsaturated polyester resin systems UDC 678.674BS3532:1990 This British Standard having beenprepared under the directionof the Plastics StandardsPolicy Committee waspublished under the authorityof the Board of BSIandcom
2、es into effect on 29June1990 BSI 07-1999 First published July 1962 Second edition June 1990 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PLM/38 Draft for comment 86/44164 DC ISBN 0 580 18573 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation o
3、f this British Standard was entrusted by the Plastics Standards Policy Committee (PLM/-) to Technical Committee PLM/38, upon which the following bodies were represented: BEAMA Ltd. British Marine Industries Federation British Plastics Federation British Resin Manufacturers Association British Teleco
4、mmunications plc Chemical Industries Association ERA Technology Ltd. Electrical and Electronic Insulation Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Electrical Installation Equipment Manufacturers Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Electronic Engineering Association Federation of Resin Formulators and Applicators Ltd. Ministry
5、 of Defence Process Plant Association Society of British Aerospace Companies Ltd. Society of Chemical Industry Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. Standard Association of Australia Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 7344 November 1992 Indicated by a sidel
6、ine in the marginBS3532:1990 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Definition 1 3 Properties 1 4 Methods of test 1 5 Sampling 1 6 Shelf-life limitations of the resin systems 1 7 Data to be supplied for a resin system 2 Appendix
7、 A Method for determining the cumulative loss of styrene monomer 4 Appendix B Method of determining refractive index 5 Appendix C Method of preparation of resin castings 5 Appendix D Resin system types for British Government Service contracts 6 Figure 1 Optional draught shielding 4 Table 1 Limits fo
8、r the nominal values of the minimum property requirements for unsaturated polyester resin systems 2 Table 2 Optional properties of unsaturated polyester resin systems 2 Table 3 Limits for the nominal values of the optional properties of polymerized resin systems 3 Table 4 Unsaturated polyester resin
9、 solutions: shelf-life limitations 3 Table 5 Resin system types to meet British Government Service requirements 6 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS3532:1990 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This standard has been prepared under the direction of the Plastics Standards Policy Committee and supersede
10、s BS 3532:1962 which is withdrawn. In this revision four minimum properties have been identified, the limits of the nominal values prescribed and the test methods to be used specified. In addition optional properties have been listed both for the liquid and polymerized resin systems with their metho
11、ds of test, which have been aligned with ISO standards where possible. Special British Government Service requirements are given in an appendix, which cover five types of resin. Otherwise the categorization used in the previous edition standard has been abandoned in favour of a less rigid arrangemen
12、t which allows the resins to be specified in accordance with the requirements set by the user for the envisaged application. Most resin systems have a limited shelf-life in storage, and they do ultimately undergo changes such that they become unsuitable. Viscosity increases and gel time changes with
13、 the age of the material. The time for changes to occur depends largely on the nature of the polyester system and on the conditions under which it is stored, and therefore it is important that the manufacturers recommendations should be observed if the maximum storage life is to be obtained. A Briti
14、sh Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front
15、 cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS3532:1990 BSI 07-1999 1 0 Introd
16、uction Unsaturated polyester resin systems are used predominantly in the construction of composites which have many and varied applications. Usually the resin systems are used with catalysts and ancillary chemicals to optimize the polymerization rate and processing characteristics. In some cases the
17、y may require a post-curing heat treatment. They are produced using a variety of starting materials to give a wide range of processing and end product properties, the latter also being significantly determined by the type and amount of reinforcement as well as the design of the component. Hence the
18、properties of the cured resins, unreinforced, are only a rough guide to what can be expected in the final composite. It also follows that any properties determined by the introduction of any reinforcement using a particular manufacturing technique represent a result unique to that product. Low styre
19、ne emission resin systems are used to minimize styrene monomer emissions into the workshop atmosphere, so facilitating the maintenance of levels below the maximum legal requirement. British Plastics Federation publication No. 302/1 refers to tests covering the measurement of styrene loss from resin
20、systems, and also the assessment of inter-laminar adhesion in polyester resin glass fibre laminates (seeAppendix A). 1 Scope This British Standard describes a method of specifying unsaturated polyester resin systems used in the construction of reinforced laminates and mouldings. Special resin system
21、 types for British Government Service contracts are given inAppendix D. NOTEThe titles of publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definition For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 2.1 nominal value a typical physical proper
22、ty value indicated for a material by a manufacturer or supplier 2.2 resin system the unsaturated polyester resin liquid material including any additives and as supplied by the supplier 3 Properties 3.1 Minimum requirements The minimum requirements to be specified shall be viscosity, acid value, gel
23、time and volatile content. Nominal values for the properties listed in Table 1 shall be declared by the supplier. The limits on the nominal values shall be as detailed in Table 1. 3.2 Optional properties: liquid resins Other properties to be selected will be determined by the processing requirements
24、 and characteristics required in the finished product. NOTEThe purchaser should establish his own correlation between the properties of the processed article and the material properties required for their achievement. Typical optional properties are given in Table 2. 3.3 Optional properties: polymer
25、ized resins For other properties selected from Table 3, the measured values shall conform to the limits given in Table 3. The method of preparation of the casting shall be as given in Appendix C. 4 Methods of test The methods of test specified shall be as given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table
26、 4. 5 Sampling The contents of any container shall be mixed thoroughly before the test sample is taken, to prevent errors arising from stratification within the container. 6 Self-life limitations of the resin systems NOTE 1The unsaturated polyester resin systems have a limited shelf-life. During sto
27、rage they undergo changes and will ultimately become unsuitable for use. The unsaturated polyester resin system supplier shall ensure that the resins will remain usable for a period of at least three months when stored in unopened containers at temperatures up to 20 . The period shall be counted fro
28、m the delivery date. To ensure that end product quality is not affected by the ageing of the resin the changes in viscosity and gel time shall not exceed the limits given inTable 4. (See note2.) NOTE 2The criteria for assessing when the resin becomes unsuitable are included inTable 4 to assist the u
29、ser to determine this point. The resin may even then still be used with reference to the manufacturer or supplier, since under favourable storage conditions the useful life of the resin may significantly exceed the minimum three months specified.BS3532:1990 2 BSI 07-1999 7 Data to be supplied for a
30、resin system The resin system supplier shall state for each resin system: a) the nominal values (2.1) for the properties listed in Table 1; b) the nominal values (2.1) of any option properties selected from Table 2 and Table 3; c) the identity of the resin system; d) the number and date of this Brit
31、ish Standard, i.e. BS 3532:1990. Table 1 Limits for the nominal values of the minimum property requirements for unsaturated polyester resin systems Table 2 Optional properties of unsaturated polyester resin systems Property Units Limits on nominal values Test method 1 Viscosity at 25 C Thixotropic L
32、ow shear dPas a 20 % BS 2782-7: Method 730B High shear 20 % Non-thixotropic 10 % 2 Acid value mgKOH/g 2.5 BS 2782-4: Method 432B 3 Gel time at 25 C min 15 % BS 2782-8: Method 835C 4 Volatile content % 2.0 BS 2782:Method 451M a dPa.s = 1P. Property Units Limits for the nominal values Test method 1 De
33、nsity at 25 C g/ml 0.01 BS 733-2 a 2 Colour Hazen State maximum BS 5339 3 Gel time at 82 C b min 10 % BS 2782-8: Method 835B 4 Refractive index at 20 C 0.001 Appendix B 5 Hydroxyl value mgKOH/g 3 BS 2782-4: Method 432C 6 Styrene emission g/m 2 at 60 min State maximum value Appendix A a “A weight per
34、 gallon cup” is acceptable as an alternative in the case of high viscosity filled resin systems. A suitable method in these cases BS 3900:Group A:Part A 12. It may also be necessary with viscous resins to use a density bottle with a wider capillary bore. b Or an alternative temperature nominated by
35、the supplier. In theses cases the tolerance is increased to 15 %.BS3532:1990 BSI 07-1999 3 Table 3 Limits for the nominal values of the optional properties of polymerized resin systems Table 4 Unsaturated polyester resin solutions: shelf-life limitations Property Units Limits for the nominalvalues T
36、est method 1 Barcol impressor hardness BHU 5 or not less than 90 % of the nominal value BS 2782-10: Method 1001 2 Water absorption after 7 days at 23 C mg % 5 or 0.05 BS 2782-4: Method 430B 3 Oxygen index a % 0 + 5 BS 2782-1: Method 141/IV/A 4 Heat deflection temperature C 0 + 10 BS 2782-1: Method 1
37、21A 5 Tensile elongation at break % + 25 % 0 % BS 2782-1: Method 320C a CAUTION: The test method described is used primarily for the purpose of monitoring the consistency of the polyester resin system. In no circumstances should the test results thus obtained be considered as an overall indication o
38、f potential fire hazards presented by products made from resin system under actual conditions of use. Property Units Usuable limits Test method 1 Viscosity at 25 C dPa.s Nominal value 30 % BS 2782-7: Method 730B Thixotropic Low shear High shear Non-thixotropic 2 Gel time at 25 C min Nominal value 30
39、 % BS 2782-8: Method 835CBS3532:1990 4 BSI 07-1999 Appendix A Method for determining the cumulative loss of styrene monomer A.1 Principle A single layer of chopped strand mat (CSM) is impregnated with the catalysed resin and supported on an accurate direct reading top pan balance in a temperature co
40、ntrolled draught free room. The styrene loss is assessed from the rate of mass loss per unit area. A.2 Apparatus and materials A.2.1 Top panel direct reading balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g. A.2.2 Polyethylene terephthalate release film A.2.3 Glass fibre chopped strand mat (CSM), emulsion bound,
41、with a weight per unit area of450g/m 2 . A.2.4 Draught free room, having a minimum capacity of 50 m 3 , controlled at23 1 C. A.2.5 Optional shielding as shown in Figure 1. A.2.6 A glass plate,3mm to4mm thick and of area300mm 300mm. A.2.7 Glass beaker, capacity 500 mL. A.2.8 Spatula A.3 Procedure Set
42、 up the apparatus in the draught free room (seenote). NOTEAs it is possible that draughts will be encountered, it is recommended that shielding should be used. The shielding should be positioned such that there is a minimum clearance between the platen and shield of 100mm. Cut a 250 mm 250 mm sectio
43、n of CSM and determine its mass. Cut a300mm square sample of release film and mark an area of 250 mm 250mm on the. back of the film with a marker pen. Adjust the resin temperature to23 C. Add the amount of catalyst as recommended by the manufacturer to the resin in a glass beaker (B.2.7), and if req
44、uired, accelerator to give a gel time of15min to 20 min determined in accordance with BS2782:Method 835C and mix well. Place the release film on the glass plate. Pour a quantity of resin from the glass beaker onto the release film equal to two and half times the mass of the CSM and spread it evenly
45、over the marked area. Place the CSM sample into the resin and quickly ensure complete impregnation of the mat by gently pressing with the edge of a spatula. Within 1 min place the impregnated mat and the glass plate on the balance and note the reading. Record the mass at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min and the
46、reafter at 10 min intervals for 1 h, and at 30 min intervals to constant mass. Repeat the procedure twice more. A.4 Expression of results From the results plot a graph of mean cumulative loss in mass against time and read off the cumulative loss of styrene (in g/m 2 ) at 60 min and other times if re
47、quired. Figure 1 Optional draught shieldingBS3532:1990 BSI 07-1999 5 A.5 Test report The test report shall include the following. a) The identity of the unsaturated polyester resin system tested. b) The identity of the CSM used. c) The number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 3532:1990. d)
48、The test method. e) The date of test. f) Cumulative loss of styrene (in g/m 2 ) after60min, and at other time intervals if required. Appendix B Method of determining refractive index B.1 Principle The refractive index is obtained by the measurement of the deviation using a refractometer caused by th
49、e liquid to a light beam passing through it. B.2 Apparatus B.2.1 Abbe refractometer with scale graduated directly in terms of refractive index of the D line of sodium at a temperature of 23 C. B.2.2 Water supply, the temperature of which may be varied. B.2.3 A source of sodium light B.3 Procedure Place the refractometer in front of the source of sodium light, insert the thermometer, and adjust the circulation of water so as to bring the prisms to the desired temperature (usually 23
