1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED JANUARY 1986 BS 4277:1968 Glossary of Terms used in offset lithographic printing UDC 001.4:655.226:681.621.5BS4277:1968 This British Standard, having been approved by the Printing,Stationery the number of terms, particularly photographic, whose definitions may be found in
2、a dictionary or text-book has been kept to a minimum. The glossary, prepared under the authority of the Printing, Stationery and Allied Trades Standards Committee, has been drawn up in sections. For convenience these are given in a table of contents, and a detailed index of terms appears at the end.
3、 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises
4、 a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 30 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. 1) BS 3814, “Glossary of letterpress rotary pri
5、nting terms used in connection with newspaper, magazine and similar machines”.BS4277:1968 BSI 01-2000 1 1 General terms 2 Copy preparation 201 General No. Term Definition 10001 lithographic printing A planographic printing process in which the non-image areas of the printing plate are made hydrophil
6、lic and the image areas are made hydrophobic. 10002 offset printing A method of printing in which the image is transferred to the final substrate via an intermediate surface. 10003 web offset Printing on a reel-fed machine by the offset process. 10004 dry offset OFFSET LETTERPRESS Printing as in the
7、 offset lithographic method, but from a relief plate. 10005 metal decoration Printing by offset lithography on sheet metal such as tinplate or aluminium. 10006 photolithography A process for producing lithographic printing plates by photographic means (in contradistinction to “chromo” work). 10007 p
8、hotosetting FILM SETTING PHOTOCOMPOSING, deprecated The process of composing text matter directly onto a photographic or other light-sensitive material. NOTEThe term “Photocomposing” has been deprecated because in some countries it is used to describe what is known in the United Kingdom as “Step and
9、 repeat”. It also includes the practice of producing combination images in the camera (photomontage). 10008 hygroinstability DIMENSIONAL STABILITY Behaviour of film or paper in respect of dimensions and “flatness” with variations in moisture and temperature conditions, processing technique and agein
10、g. 20101 copy ARTWORK ORIGINAL The original matter from which a reproduction is eventually made. 20102 reflection copy FLAT COPY Copy which is viewed or photographed by reflected light. 20103 transmission copy TRANSPARENCY Copy which is viewed or photographed by transmitted light. 20104 overlay 1. A
11、 transparent sheet attached to copy, carrying instructions and directions. 2. A method of preparing original artwork in which one or more colour components are drawn on a transparent sheet attached to the artwork. 20105 job layout An outline drawing showing the relative positions of the various elem
12、ents required in the complete assembly of the job, including dimensions, folds and any other necessary data. 20106 sheet layout A diagram showing the disposition of individual jobs on the printed sheet. 20107 assembly Positioning of copy to form a composite original (30304). 20108 paste-up Assembly
13、of reflection copy. 20109 patch-up Assembly of transmission copy (30304). 20110 montage An assembly of illustrations to form a composite picture. 20111 register marks REGISTER TICKS A set of fine-line crosses or other suitable devices added to the original artwork to provide reference points for sub
14、sequent registration(30301).BS4277:1968 2 BSI 01-2000 202 Keys 3 Photographic and associated operations 301 General No. Term Definition 20112 overdraw The amount by which a particular colour is made to overlap an adjoining colour. 20113 underdraw The opposite of overdraw. 20114 backing-up colour UND
15、ER-COLOUR A means of increasing the density of an ink film, especially black, by printing a suitable colour underneath. 20115 mechanical tint BENDAY, deprecated A dot, line or other pattern used to produce tonal values. 20116 ghost FEINT A key image usually prepared from a bromide print by chemical
16、bleaching. 20117 monochrome An original or print in a single colour. 20118 rough VISUAL A preliminary sketch sufficiently complete to give a general idea of a customers requirements. It may be anything from a few pencil lines to an artists sketch in colour. 20119 type matter TYPE IMPRESSION Reading
17、matter produced by typesetting methods as distinct from hand drawn lettering. 20120 reverse lettering WHITE-OUT LETTERING Open lettering on a printed background. 20121 cutting marks Marks usually added at copy stage and carried through to printed work, to indicate positions for cutting, slitting, pu
18、nching, etc. 20122 colour bias The predominance or lack of one or more of the colours in an image. 20201 key A master outline from which the previous elements of an assembly are positioned for patching up or stripping in. 20202 blue key A form of key in which the image is produced photographically a
19、nd is non-printing. 20203 key colour That colour in a multicolour set which, by reason of its having the best overall pattern, can be used to position other colours of the set. 20204 artists key KEY DRAWING An artists drawing which includes additional key lines, not intended to appear in the finishe
20、d result, but showing limiting areas of colours, tones, etc. 20205 working key A key used with or without modifications as a printing plate for colour work. 30101 negative A photographic image with tonal values reversed relative to the original. 30102 positive A photographic image with tonal values
21、as in the original. 30103 multi-negative A multiple image in negative form, usually the product of a step and repeat camera (30405) or machine (40108). 30104 multi-positive A multiple image in positive form, usually the product of a step and repeat camera (30405) or machine (40108).BS4277:1968 BSI 0
22、1-2000 3 No. Term Definition 30105 contact method A method of photographic reproduction without the use of an optical system, in which the surfaces of the original and the sensitive layer are in contact. 30106 contact negative A photographic image produced from a positive by the contact method. 3010
23、7 contact positive A photographic image produced from a negative by the contact method. 30108 right reading An image which is correctly disposed when viewed from the emulsion side. 30109 wrong reading An image which is laterally reversed when viewed from the emulsion side. 30110 continuous tone An i
24、mage in which tonal gradation is produced by changes in density(30501). 30111 vignette A continuous gradation of density from a dark to a light tone. 30112 moir A periodic pattern due to interference of two or more regular dot or line patterns. 30113 contrast The brightness difference between the li
25、ght and the dark tones of an original or image. 30114 flat image An image which lacks contrast. 30115 line work Copy or reproduction consisting of solid elements only, as distinct from half-tone. 30116 reflectance The ratio of the intensity of light reflected from a surface to that incident on the s
26、urface. 30117 transmittance The ratio of the intensity of transmitted light to the intensity of incident light. 30118 opacity Reciprocal of transmittance. 30119 density OPTICAL DENSITY Log 10of opacity. 30120 density range The difference in optical density between the highlight and shadow areas of a
27、 photographic or other image. 30121 characteristic curve The curve relating image density, produced under specified development conditions, to the logarithm of the exposure producing that density. 30122 film (photographic) A photographic product in which the light-sensitive layer is coated on a tran
28、sparent flexible support. 30123 plate (photographic) A photographic product in which the light-sensitive layer is supported on glass. 30124 emulsion (photographic) The light-sensitive layer of a photographic image. 30125 grain (photographic) The fineness of the structure of a photographic image. 301
29、26 definition The level of detail rendering that is provided by a part or the whole of a reproduction system. 30127 sensitivity Response of a photosensitive material to incident light. 30128 colour sensitivity Response of a photosensitive material to coloured light. 30129 stripping film A photograph
30、ic film in which the image-bearing layer can be separated from the base support.BS4277:1968 4 BSI 01-2000 302 Light sources No. Term Definition 30130 stripping The operation of assembly where the image-bearing layer is removed from the base material and transferred to a new support. 30131 highlight
31、CATCHLIGHT The area of the original or print which transmits or reflects most light. 30132 drop-out The areas of a picture which are clear of printing image. 30133 shadow The area of the original or print which transmits or reflects least light. 30134 fog An unwanted density of developed silver, cau
32、sed by non-image light or by chemical means. 30135 reticulation Distortion of the gelatine layer caused by stresses during wetting and drying, or mostly by great differences in temperatures of subsequent processing solutions resulting in a regular surface pattern of a wrinkled appearance. 30136 hala
33、tion Spreading of the image caused by light which has passed through the emulsion and has then been reflected back from the support. 30137 anti-halation layer A dye layer coated on the back of the film support to prevent halation. 30138 colour temperature The temperature to which a black body radiat
34、or must be raised in order to equal the visual appearance of a light source. 30139 safelamp SAFELIGHT A lamp providing light of a spectral composition to which a photographic material is relatively or completely insensitive. 30140 cassette Part of a photographic machine in which a film is carried. 3
35、0141 saturation The upper limit to which a value can progress. 30201 actinic light Light of the wavelength or spectral band which will produce the desired reaction in a light-sensitive layer. 30202 non-actinic light Light of the wavelength or spectral band which will produce little or no reaction in
36、 a light-sensitive layer. 30203 arc lamp A source in which light is obtained by passage of electric current at low voltage across an air gap between electrodes. 30204 enclosed arc CLOSED ARC, deprecated An arc lamp in which the electrodes burn within an enclosed space. 30205 open arc An arc lamp in
37、which the electrodes burn in free air. 30206 motorized arc An arc lamp in which the electrodes are electrically driven in order to maintain a constant gap between them. 30207 discharge lamp A lamp in which light is produced by an electric discharge through a gas. 30208 fluorescent lamp A discharge l
38、amp in which most of the light is emitted by a layer of fluorescent material excited by ultraviolet radiation from the discharge. 30209 tungsten filament lamp A lamp in which light is produced by means of a tungsten filament heated to incandescence by the passage of an electric current. 30210 tungsten-halogen lamp A tungsten filament lamp with a gas filling to which a proportion of halogen (e.g.iodine, bromine) has been added. The gas is enclosed in a quartz envelope. 30211 xenon arc lamp A discharge lamp in which the discharge takes place in xenon gas.
