1、BS 5852:2006Methods of test for assessment of the ignitability of upholstered seating by smouldering and flaming ignition sourcesICS 13.220.40; 97.140NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice dis
2、played in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 47926 9The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference FW/6Draft for comment DC05/30057625Publication historyFirst published in parts:Part 1 November 1979 and Part 2 August 19
3、82 (still current)Second edition, as BS 5852, December 1990Third edition March 2006Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date Text affectedBS 5852:2006 BSI 2006 iBS 5852:2006ContentsForeword iii0 Introduction 11 Scope 32 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions 44 Criteria of ignition 45
4、Principle 106 Health and safety of operators 107 Apparatus 118 Smouldering ignition source 0 cigarette 149 Flaming ignition sources 1 to 7 butane gas flames and flaming wooden cribs 1410 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing 2011 Methods of test for the ignitability of upholstery composites 2012 M
5、ethods of test for the ignitability of complete items of furniture 2613 Final examination 3514 Test report 35AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Guidance for test operators 37Annex B (informative) Guidance for designers and specifiers 38Annex C (informative) Gas flow control 41Annex D (informative) Suggest
6、ed methods of crib construction 41Annex E (normative) Water soaking and drying procedure 42Annex F (informative) Example of test report layout 44Bibliography 45List of figuresFigure 1 Flow diagram for detection of ignition using source 0 (cigarette) 5Figure 2 Flow diagram for detection of ignition u
7、sing gas flame sources 1, 2 and 3 6Figure 3 Flow diagram for detection of ignition using wooden crib sources 4, 5, 6 and 7 7Figure 4 Test rig detail 12Figure 5 Test rig assembly 13Figure 6 Crib ignition source 4 17Figure 7 Crib ignition source 5 17Figure 8 Crib ignition source 6 18Figure 9 Crib igni
8、tion source 7 19Figure 10 Details of test specimens for covers and interliners for use with the test rig 22Figure 11 Model position for ignition source in seating area 30Figure 12 Alternative positions for ignition source in seating area 31Figure 13 Additional model positions of ignition sources for
9、 tip-up seats 31Figure 14 Model position for ignition source at floor level 32Figure F.1 Example of test report layout 44BS 5852:2006ii BSI 2006List of tablesTable 1 Parameters of butane gas ignition sources 1, 2 and 3 15Table 2 Parameters of crib ignition sources 4 and 5 16Table 3 Parameters of cri
10、b ignition sources 6 and 7 16Table 4 Minimum distance of test specimen above top of ignition source 29Table A.1 Suggested grading of sticks on mass/unit length basis 37Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 45 and a back cover. BSI 200
11、6 iiiBS 5852:2006ForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard was published by BSI and came into effect on31 March 2006. It was prepared by Technical Committee FW/6, Flammability performance and fire testing. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to
12、its secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 5852:1990, which is withdrawn.However, since the Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988 1 refer to the earlier editions of the standard, neither BS 5852-1:1979 nor BS 5852-2:1982 can be withdrawn at the present time.Re
13、lationship with other publicationsThis British Standard extends the range of ignition sources provided by BS EN 1021-1 and BS EN 1021-2.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard. The principal changes are to update references, to bring the standard into line with BS 6807
14、 and BS EN 1021, and to incorporate the existing amendments. There are no significant technical changes from the previous edition.The range of methods specified enables an assessment to be made of the ignitability of upholstered furniture assemblies. These assemblies may be test composites as descri
15、bed in Clause 11, which may be subjected to any one of a range of flaming ignition sources, or complete items of furniture as described in Clause 12, which may be subjected to a smouldering cigarette or any one of a range of flaming ignition sources.Ignition tests are not highly repeatable and dupli
16、cate results are required for the test rigs described in Clause 11 to achieve a full non-ignition test result. It is recognized that it will not always be possible to carry out duplicate tests on the selected sites when testing actual furniture in accordance with Clause 12 and in these cases, it is
17、necessary to achieve an indicative non-ignition result on all of the test sites.NOTE The tests described in Clause 12 may also be applied to non-upholstered seating.It cannot be assumed that protection against large flaming sources will automatically give protection against smouldering ignition. It
18、is therefore necessary to submit test specimens to both smouldering and flaming ignition tests.BS 5852:2006iv BSI 2006Hazard warningsWARNING. These tests only relate to the ignitability of the specimens as supplied under the particular conditions of test and do not take into consideration the effect
19、s of ageing, washing, soiling, etc. that might be encountered during the life of the product. The tests cannot give a full assessment of fire properties in all situations.Measures taken to reduce the ignitability of an assembly can adversely affect other fire properties such as smoke and toxic gas e
20、volution.WARNING. This British Standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that can be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage.CAU
21、TION. For some upholstery tests, all outer covers might be required to be subjected to a water soaking and drying procedure prior to conditioning as described in 10.1.2.Guidance for test operators is given in Annex A. It is important that the details given in the annex are studied before testing is
22、carried out.Attention is drawn to BS 7176, which applies the tests described in this standard to upholstered furniture in various hazard areas.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its methods are expressed either as a set of instructio
23、ns or in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the neces
24、sary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Attention is drawn to the following regulations: Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988 1; Furniture and Furnishings (
25、Fire) (Safety) (Amendment) Regulations 1989 2; Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) (Amendment) Regulations 1993 3; Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 4. BSI 2006 1BS 5852:20060Introduction0.1 ObjectiveThe objective of this standard is to measure the ignitability of upho
26、lstered furniture composites and/or complete pieces of furniture.No method using realistic shapes yet exists for measuring levels of ignition on a continuous scale for these composites and consequently the methods used in this standard provide ignition/non-ignition results at a number of fixed level
27、s. One smouldering source together with a range of flaming sources, whose energy rises by a factor of approximately two at each step, are used. Thus a level representing the boundary of ignition can be associated with a particular construction. Although the levels do not form a continuous series, th
28、ey do provide more information than an arbitrary single go/no go result and so allow smaller variations in ignitability to be related to actual hazards.This assessment is intended eventually to form part of a much fuller fire hazard assessment when work now in progress on fire development and smoke
29、and toxic hazards in fire is completed.0.2 Background0.2.1 An assessment of the results of various research projects, carried out to investigate the fire properties of furniture, clearly indicates that tests carried out on component materials in isolation could not give a true indication of their be
30、haviour when combined with other component materials in a piece of furniture. Therefore, to evaluate the ignitability of any item of seating, having due regard to the effects of interactions between materials and of design, it is necessary to test the complete finished item of furniture. Such testin
31、g procedures are contained in Clause 12. However, there is a very wide range of designs and materials employed, so tests have been developed to assess upholstery materials combined together to give information regarding the ignitability properties of assemblies that might be used in a number of diff
32、erent circumstances. Model tests (see Clause 11) of this kind can eliminate the least useful combinations from further consideration in the design process.0.2.2 The form of the test rig was decided after observation of many ignition experiments had shown that the position at which accidentally dropp
33、ed cigarettes are most likely to cause ignition is in any angle between adjacent surfaces, whereas accidentally dropped flaming materials have worse effects where vertical and horizontal surfaces are involved. These situations have been modelled even though in practice the assembly might be used onl
34、y on a single surface.The results, therefore, provide a measure of the ignitability of a combination of cover and filling which is equally valid for the different designs of furniture in which the combination might be used and for the different applications in that furniture.BS 5852:20062 BSI 2006Th
35、e design of the furniture is an important additional consideration which can enhance or detract from the flammability performance of the item. For example, there might be pleats or folds in the primary cover; loops or crevices created by braids, piping, zips, ruches or other trimmings; traps and chi
36、mneys created by cushions; the presence of wing arms or other overhangs; or an exposed area beneath the seat which is vulnerable to ignition from floor level. In such cases stylized representation is not easily possible, nor practical. For these reasons tests on actual items are included in this sta
37、ndard.Ideally these tests should be the final stage of the sifting process for ignitability, when the most useful candidate constructions are checked to ensure that the extra complexities of shape and added materials do not render the predictions from rig tests misleading.0.2.3 The following ignitio
38、n sources are specified.a) Smouldering. This consists of a single cigarette since it is unrealistic to use multiple cigarettes at a single position and the “fail-safe” magnitude is a full cigarette rather than smaller parts.b) Flaming. This range consists of butane flames and burning wooden cribs wh
39、ich form a sequence of increasing thermal output from that approximating to the burning of a small flame to that approximating to the burning of four double sheets of a full-size newspaper. It has to be emphasized that the cribs are not intended to reproduce burning newspapers in all respects and th
40、e thermal output comparisons are given for guidance only. The cribs have been designed to give an additional weight loading (greater than that obtained with newspaper) on the upholstery composite. This is important in order to include situations that might occur in practice and to ensure that the te
41、st method errs on the side of safety with combinations prone to failure under load. Examples of these situations might be high localized cover tension induced by deep-buttoned upholstery, or the presence of heavy books close to the ignition source.These sources are also static and apply their energy
42、 over a restricted area. Some real life sources spread flames gradually over a larger area of the composite. The latter type of behaviour is different from, and is not modelled by, the larger ignition sources of equivalent thermal energy defined in this standard.0.2.4 The scenarios modelled by these
43、 tests do not include deliberate arson and/or vandalism, though the tests include the application of reasonably large sources to undamaged furniture. The larger sources are intended to cover situations where a higher degree of carelessness is more probable or for locations where a higher level of re
44、sistance to secondary ignition is paramount. If arson is an important part of the in-use situation then other test methods attempting to reproduce the ingenuity of the fire-raiser should be carried out. BSI 2006 3BS 5852:20060.3 Method of useThe test methods in Clause 11 measure the ignitability of
45、the overall composite of materials, i.e. cover(s), filling materials, etc. as constructed on the test specimen. The results cannot be stated as being applicable to the general behaviour of any individual component but only to the total composite tested.The ignitability of an assembly may be determin
46、ed by applying the sources in the order of source 2 to source 7, but for many specification purposes a test(s) involving one, or a limited number of selected sources, might be necessary.The ignitability of an assembly may be determined by applying source 0 and source 1 which are defined in BS EN 102
47、1-1:1994 and BS EN 1021-2:1994 respectively.The ignitability of a complete item of furniture may be determined by applying the sources in the order of source 0 to source 7, but for many specification purposes a test(s) involving one, or a limited number of selected sources, might be necessary.In the
48、 case of the tests described in Clause 12 the results will be applicable only to the finished item of furniture tested.1ScopeThis British Standard describes methods for assessing the ignitability of single material combinations, e.g. covers and fillings used in upholstered seating, or complete items
49、 of seating, when subjected either to a smouldering cigarette or to flaming ignition sources of thermal output ranging from that of a burning match to that approximating to the burning of four double sheets of full-size newspaper, as might be applied accidentally to any item of furniture.NOTE 1 It does not necessarily cover ignition caused by deliberate acts of vandalism with arson.The following methods are described:a) upholstered seating composites tested with flaming
