1、BRITISH STANDARD BS7562-2: 1992 Planning, design and installation of irrigation schemes Part 2: Guide for acquisition of site dataBS7562-2:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under t
2、he authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15 September1992 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference AGE/30 Draft for comment87/73202 DC ISBN 0 580 21019 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of thi
3、s British Standard was entrusted by the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Policy Committee (AGE/-) to Technical Committee AGE/30, upon which the following bodies were represented: Agricultural Engineers Association British Agricultural and Garden Machinery Association Ltd. Health and S
4、afety Executive Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Silsoe College Silsoe Research Institute UK Irrigation Association Water Services Association of England and Wales Well Drillers Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS7562-2:1992 BSI
5、07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Developing an irrigation system 1 5 Persons and organizations involved and other interested parties 3 6 Sources of information 3 7 Existing systems and equipment 5 8 Site plan 6 9
6、 Climate data 10 10 Soil 10 11 Crops 11 12 System operation 11 13 Water source 11 Figure 1 Developing an irrigation system 1 Figure 2 Scope of procedures 2 Figure 3 Persons and organizations involved 4 Figure 4 Example of a site plan illustrating site and preliminary d esign features 9 Table 1 Inter
7、ested parties including objectors 3 Table 2 Key to site features 8 Table 3 Water quality 12 List of references Inside back coverBS7562-2:1992 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This Part of BS7562 has been prepared under the direction of the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Policy Committee and
8、contains recommendations on good practice in the planning, design and installation of irrigation schemes in the UK, together with information and guidance. It is intended for the use of engineers and farmers having some knowledge of the subject. It embodies the experience of engineers successfully e
9、ngaged on the design and construction of irrigation schemes so that other reasonably qualified engineers may use it as a basis for the design of similar irrigation schemes. A guide represents good practice at the time it is written and inevitably, technical developments may render parts of it obsole
10、scent in time. It is the responsibility of engineers concerned with the design and construction of schemes to remain conversant with developments in good practice, which have taken place since publication of the guide. BS7562 has been prepared in six parts as follows. Part 1: Glossary of terms; Part
11、 2: Guide for acquisition of site data; Part 3: Guide for irrigation water requirements 1) ; Part 4: Guide for water resources 1) ; Part 5: Guide for distribution systems and irrigation equipment 1) ; Part 6: Guide for feasibility and implementation procedures. A British Standard does not purport to
12、 include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover,
13、pagesi and ii, pages1 to12, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. 1) In preparation.BS7562-2:1992 BSI 07-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of
14、 BS7562 identifies basic site data which need to be acquired and analysed to enable the designer, consultant, supplier or customer to check and confirm all site parameters and features which need to be observed for the planning, design and installation of irrigation schemes. 2 References 2.1 Normati
15、ve references This Part of BS7562 incorporates, by reference, provisions from a specific edition of another publication. This normative reference is cited at the appropriate point in the text and the publication is listed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, this publ
16、ication apply to this Part of BS7562 only when incorporated in it by updating or revision. 2.2 Informative references This British Standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on th
17、e inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS7562 the definitions given in BS7562-1:1992 apply. 4 Developing an irrigation system 4.1 General There are several ways of developing an irrigation system. These may involve eit
18、her design, supply or installation or a combination of these. Figure 1 shows the most common approaches diagramatically. Figure 2 indicates the scope of procedures covered. 4.2 System design only In the case of system design only, the sole requirement is to design the irrigation system. This should
19、usually include the calculation of all performance criteria and the specification and costing of the equipment for the system. System design may be carried out by any competent body including a consultant, manufacturer, dealer or specialist contractor. 4.3 Equipment supply only In the case of equipm
20、ent supply only, previously specified equipment is supplied to the client. There is no involvement in designing or installing the equipment. Equipment should normally be supplied by competent specialist contractors, dealers and/or manufacturers. Figure 1 Developing an irrigation systemBS7562-2:1992
21、2 BSI 07-1999 Figure 2 Scope of proceduresBS7562-2:1992 BSI 07-1999 3 4.4 Equipment installation only In the case of equipment installation only, there is no involvement in either design or supply. Equipment installation may be completed by any competent body including a dealer, a specialist contrac
22、tor or the client. 4.5 System design and equipment supply only In the case of system design and equipment supply only there is no involvement in installation. System design and equipment supply in combination may be carried out by any competent body including specialist contractors, the manufacturer
23、 or a consultant. 4.6 Equipment supply and installation Supply and installation in combination may be carried out by any competent body including specialist contractors, the manufacturer or the dealer. 4.7 System design, equipment supply and installation Design, supply and installation in combinatio
24、n may be implemented by any competent body including specialist contractors, the manufacturer or a consultant. 5 Persons and organisations involved and other interested parties 5.1 General There may be many different persons, bodies, authorities, and organizations involved in the design of irrigatio
25、n systems as shown in Figure 3. Searches should be completed on behalf of the client, by the party that has overall responsibility for the irrigation system. 5.2 Interested parties including objectors There may be objectors and other interested parties who could be involved in the design, supply or
26、installation of the irrigation system as indicated in Table 1. Table 1 Interested parties including objectors 6 Sources of information 6.1 General The planning and design of irrigation schemes will require detailed information on site locations, land topography, soils, climate and water. Sources of
27、information are given in6.2 to6.5. 6.2 Site features The Ordnance Survey 2)produce various scale maps. Large scale maps are recommended for designing and installing irrigation schemes. The large scale maps include1:1250,1:2500,1:10000 (previously1:10560). Where Ordnance Survey (OS) maps are used for
28、 design, a licence may need to be obtained from the Ordnance Survey and royalties paid, depending on the size and quantity of maps copied for design purposes. Some of the uses of large scale maps are as follows. a) 1:1250 maps. These cover major urban areas in Great Britain. Each map represents an a
29、rea of500m 2 . They are an essential source of detailed information for such things as the planning of developments, road and property management, land registration, the location and maintenance of telecommunications, electricity, gas and water pipelines. Height information is in the form of spot he
30、ights and bench marks. b) 1 : 2500 maps. These maps cover the remainder of Great Britain, apart from areas of mountain and moorland, and provide sufficient detail for irrigation planning. Height information is provided by bench marks and spot heights. Where details of contours are needed for the irr
31、igation system design it may be necessary to interpret contours from the1:10560 or1 : 10000 scale maps or to survey on site. Maps need regular updating because of changes in field boundaries. This updating should be carried out on site before any planning work proceeds. c) 1 : 10560 maps. These maps
32、 cover the whole of Great Britain, but are being replaced by the1:10000 scale. Site Water Archeological Governmental Religious Environmental National Rivers Authority Existing water users Environmental 2) For all parts of Great Britain, Ordnance Survey Maps can be obtained from: Ordnance Survey, Rom
33、sey Road, Southampton, SO94DH.BS 7562-2:1992 4 BSI 07-1999 Figure 3 Persons and organizations involvedBS7562-2:1992 BSI 07-1999 5 They are the largest scale of maps to show contours and are normally used in the UK to determine system elevations for design purposes. Maps which are at1 : 10560 scale s
34、how contours at25feet vertical intervals, but they are being replaced by1 : 10000 scale maps with contours at10m vertical intervals in mountainous areas and5m intervals elsewhere. 6.3 Site soils Soil survey maps 3)contain details of local variations of the surface soils and natural drainage. Maps at
35、 scales of1 : 63360 and1 : 25000 have been published for large areas of Great Britain. Publications are also available which describe the physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of soils and explain their distribution. 6.4 Climate The Meteorological Office collects and publishes informa
36、tion in the United Kingdom. The observations are published in various forms as follows. a) Daily. Surface observations from55 places in the British Isles are shown in the Daily Weather Report 1. b) Monthly. The Monthly Weather Report 2 summarizes weather observations for about600 stations in the Uni
37、ted Kingdom. Principal data available include, air temperature, rainfall and sunshine. c) Annually. Monthly and annual rainfall totals for about6000 stations, with amounts and dates of maximum daily falls are published in British Rainfall 3. Additional data listed include estimates of evapotranspira
38、tion, and measurements of actual evaporation and transpiration. This information is given for a number of stations. d) Evaporation and soil water data. Evaporation and soil water information are regularly published in the Soil Moisture Deficit Bulletin 4, which includes data on potential evapotransp
39、iration over Great Britain. Data published on a monthly and on an annual basis are normally used for planning and design purposes. At least10 years of records should be considered. 6.5 Site water 6.5.1 Surface water data These data are collected by the National Rivers Authority (NRA) and occasionall
40、y by local authorities. A client may also wish to monitor flows in streams and other types of water source. Data are now published by the Institute of Hydrology 4) . 6.5.2 Ground water Ground water data are collected by the NRA and by the British Geological Survey 5)which is the national repository
41、of geological records. Among the records it possesses are the field observations embodied in the geological maps and memoirs, and records of about250000 wells, shafts and boreholes. Requests to the British Geological Survey for data should be accompanied by a copy of the Ordnance Survey map showing
42、the site location. 7 Existing systems and equipment 7.1 General Where there is existing equipment on site and the equipment is to be incorporated in the planned irrigation system, it is essential that the original detailed installation plan (as laid) is available and understandable. Information need
43、s to be obtained on: a) area irrigated; b) existing sources of water (see note); c) pumpset specification; d) pump fittings (including diameter and lengths); e) pump characteristics; f) distribution mains (including materials, diameter, lengths, pipe classes); g) infield irrigation equipment (includ
44、ing discharges and pressures). NOTEIt is necessary to check whether an abstraction licence is held by the client. 7.2 Operating data The following operating data need to be obtained: a) water depth applied to crop; b) number of irrigations per year; c) number of irrigation days per year; d) number o
45、f irrigation hours per day. 3) Soil survey maps can be obtained from the Soil Survey and Land Research Centre, Silsoe Campus, Silsoe MK454DT. 4) Institute of Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Berkshire. 5) British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG125GG.BS7562-2:1992 6 BSI 07-1999 7
46、.3 Abstraction licence Many details are given on the abstraction licence. The following relate specifically to the irrigation system design: a) serial number, as specified by the NRA; b) volume/hour; c) volume/day; d) volume/season; e) conditions which may limit the reliability of the supply, for ex
47、ample that abstraction has to cease when river flow falls below a specified level. 8 Site plan 8.1 Features 8.1.1 General The site plan for an irrigation scheme may be drawn from Ordnance Survey maps and amended to show all features which will influence the design of the irrigation scheme. Existing
48、site features should be studied carefully on site to ensure that all site data which may affect the proposed irrigation system design, are recorded and evaluated. It may be necessary for the designer to visit the site more than once, before final designs can be completed. Standard Ordnance Survey si
49、te features and cartographical symbols should be used as shown in Table 2. An example of a site plan is shown in Figure 4. 8.1.2 Plan 8.1.2.1 Scale Site plans should be based on OS maps and be of large enough scale to show all necessary details clearly. All pertinent site features, including land drains, which affect the system design should be clearly marked. It is always advisable to purchase new OS maps with up to date information to ensure maximum accuracy. 8.1.2.2 Dimensions It may be necessary to check dimensions in critica
