1、CODE OF PRACTICECP 2010-2: 1970Incorporating Amendment No. 1Pipelines Part 2: Design and construction of steel pipelines in landUDC 624.05:621.643:663.14g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g
2、40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58CP2010-2:1970This part of the Code of Practice has been prepared by a Committeeconvened by the Codesof Practice Committee forCivil Engineering. Having beenendorsed by the Council forCodes of Practice, it was published under the authority ofthe Exe
3、cutive Board on 27February1970The following BSI references relate to the work on this Code ofPractice:Committee references CVCP/10, CVCP/10/2Draft for comment 67/14569ISBN 0 580 05687 2Code drafting committee CVCP/10 pipelinesMr. W. M. C. Jones (Chairman)Mr. P. D. Blackmore British Acetylene Associa
4、tionMr. R. RitchieMr. A. N. Sharp British Chemical Plant Manufacturers AssociationMr. K. Ashford British Mechanical Engineering ConfederationMr. P. D. Allan British Plastics FederationWorks Engineer British Railways BoardDr. A.M. Burdon British Steel IndustryMr. L. H. Hook British Valve Manufacturer
5、s AssociationMr. B. L. McMillan, O.B.E. British Waterworks AssociationMr. L. W. F. Millis, C.B.E.Mr. C. Lea Chemical Industries AssociationMr. O. G. WellerMr. R. B. Beilby, M.C. Confederation of British IndustryMr. E. Jarman Council of British Manufacturers of Petroleum Mr. J. E. Jarrad EquipmentMr.
6、 M. A. Gregory Country Landowners AssociationMr. E. R. Pickworth Country Surveyors SocietyMr. A. C. Bain Electricity Supply Industry in England and WalesMr. F. A. Whymark Federation of Civil Engineering ContractorsMr. R. O. EmmonyGas CouncilMr. H. JonesMr. E. W. PickeringMr. P. A. ShepherdMr. D. W.
7、M. Staples, M.B.E. Home OfficeMr. R. E. Watkins Institute of PetroleumMr. K. A. Spencer Institution of Chemical EngineersMr. R. W. Brown Institution of Civil EngineersMr. R. O. EmmonyInstitution of Gas EngineersMr. E. W. PickeringMr. P. A. ShepherdMr. H. D. Walker Institution of Mechanical Engineers
8、Mr. J. L. Hurrell Institution of Municipal EngineersMr. W. Fillingham Brown Institution of Public Health EngineersMr. K. Howorth Institution of Water EngineersMr. J. S. M. WillisMr. E. C. Hamilton-Russell Ironstone Royalty Owners AssociationMr. G. Cole Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and FoodMr.
9、A. A. Cowie Ministry of Housings and Local GovernmentMr. H. H. Fairhurst Ministry of Public Building and WorksMr. O. C. Young Ministry of Public Building and Works Building Research StationMr. W. M. C. Jones Ministry of Technology. Industrial GroupMr. H. Perring Ministry of TransportMr. D. A. Olivie
10、r National Farmers UnionMr. H. M. Wilson BSI 2006CP2010-2:1970Mr. T. GlasgowOil Companies Materials AssociationMr. J. H. MansonMr. F. H. TreglownMr. R. E. WatkinsMr. H. G. B. Nolan Pipeline Industries GuildMr. G. A. Orton Stewarts this part covers the design and construction of pipelines utilizing s
11、teel pipes. Appendix A shows the types of pipeline covered by this and other parts of the Code and against each type are shown some of the present general applications. The choice of pipeline for any particular application depends on the service and environmental conditions to be satisfied. With the
12、 increasing use of pipelines and the development of new materials and jointing methods, changes in application and in design can be expected, but it is the responsibility of every pipeline promoter to ensure that the pipeline selected will be entirely suitable and safe for the duty envisaged.The sta
13、rt and finish of text introduced by Amendment No. 1:2006 is indicated in the text by tags !“. Only the foreword is affected by this amendment.!For all pipeline design, construction and operation, refer to BS EN 14161, PD 8010-1 and PD 8010-2.CP 2010-2:1970 has been retained for the use of some metho
14、ds and details of design for Category A pipeline fluids. It is not suitable for Category B, C, D or E fluids.“1) In course of preparationCP 2010-2:1970 BSI 2006 vMetric conversions are given in International System (SI) units and are approximate. More accurate conversions should be based on BS 350,
15、“Conversion factors and tables”, Part 2, “Detailed conversion tables”, and Supplement No. 1 (PD 6203), “Additional tables for SI conversions”.For further information, reference should be made to BS 3763, “The International System (SI) units”, and PD 5686, “The use of SI units”.This part of the Code
16、will be revised in metric terms as part of BSIs programme of metrication.NOTE This part of the Code includes reference to certain API Standards in the absence of international agreement in this field. ISO/TC 67, Materials and Equipment for Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, is however preparing I
17、SO Recommendations based on these API Standards, and as soon as international agreement has been reached comparable British Standards will be prepared.This Code of Practice represents a standard of good practice and takes the form of recommendations. This publication does not purport to include all
18、the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to vi, pages 1 to 34 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was la
19、st issued.Compliance with a British Standard Code of Practice cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.vi blankCP2010-2:197011 General1.1 ScopeThis part of the Code gives recommendations for the materials, components, design, fabrication, construction, workmanship and testing of steel pipelines
20、. Recommendations which are specific to butt-welded pipelines are dealt with in Section2, whilst those for pipelines with other than butt-welded joints are dealt with in Section3. The Code does not apply to pipeline installations which are covered by BS8062) nor to piping systems which are covered b
21、y BS33513). Reference should be made to1.3 and toTable 1. This part of the Code should be read in conjunction with Part14); Clauses103 and206, in particular, deal with considerations which may affect the design of the pipeline.NOTEIn place of the customary, but incorrect, use of the pound as a unit
22、of force, the unit called a pound-force (abbreviation lbf) has been used in this Code. It is that force which, when acting on a body of mass one pound, gives it an acceleration equal to that of standard gravity.1.2 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this part of the Code, the following definitions apply
23、:1.2.1 grade taperingthe changing of pipe thickness or material to suit different internal design pressures along sections of a pipeline depending upon the operating hydraulic gradient and its relation with the pipeline profile1.2.2 holiday detectora device for detecting flaws in pipe coatings1.2.3
24、night-capa temporary end closure1.2.4 “orange peel” swagea method of reducing the diameter of a pipe to that of a smaller diameter pipe by vee-notching the larger pipe-end longitudinally and closing and welding the seams1.2.5 PigA device which is passed through the pipeline for various purposes. Pig
25、s may be propelled by air, gas or water, or carried in the fluid passing through the pipeline. The following are the main types:1.2.5.1 batching piga pig used on multiproduct lines to separate one product from the next. It is constructed on the same principle as a swabbing pig1.2.5.2 cleaning piga p
26、ig used for cleaning the inside surface of pipelines. It consists of a central bar with two driving cups and a circular wire brush at the front. A second circular wire brush may be mounted between the two driving cups. Some types have spring loaded arms carrying wire brush segments instead of circul
27、ar brushes1.2.5.3 foam piga cylinder of material such as expanded polyurethane which can be compressed for insertion into the pipeline and used for cleaning or swabbing2) BS806, “Ferrous pipes and piping installations for and in connection with land boilers”.3) BS3351, “Piping systems for the petrol
28、eum industry”.4) CP2010, Part 1, “Installation of pipelines in land”. BSI 2006CP2010-2:197021.2.5.4 gauging piga pig used to test the internal diameter of a pipeline. It is essentially a swabbing pig with a hard-faced steel disc on the front, the disc diameter usually being95% of the internal diamet
29、er of the pipeline1.2.5.5 scraping pig (go-devil)a pig which consists of a bar on which are mounted driving cups, spring loaded scraper blades and spring loaded serrated wheels. These pigs are usually longer than other types and are therefore sometimes articulated1.2.5.6 spherea thick neoprene spher
30、e which can be inflated by internal water (or other liquid) pressure and which is used in the same manner as a batching pig1.2.5.7 swabbing piga pig used for cleaning. Generally it consists of a central bar with two or four driving cups1.2.6 pipelinea line of pipes having an appreciable length; it m
31、ay have branch lines, but these would not normally be numerous. It does not include piping systems such as process plant piping within refineries, factories or treatment plant, short connections between adjacent plant nor distribution and service mains which are characterized by numerous branch conn
32、ections. (Reference should also be made toFigure 1)1.2.7 purgingthe removal of air from a section of pipeline prior to commissioning for conveyance of a gas1.2.8 steelmaterial used for the manufacture of pipes listed inTable 2a1.2.9 stopplea device which can be inserted into a pipe in such a way as
33、to stop the flow1.2.10 stray flashthe damage on the parent material resulting from the accidental striking of an arc away from the weld1.2.11 stringingthe distribution of single pipes in the approximate position in which they will be joined into the pipeline1.2.12 tie-ina weld made to join together
34、two previously-welded lengths of pipeline1.3 ApplicationTable 1 shows the present general applications for steel pipelines. The choice of pipeline will depend upon service conditions and environment. Service conditions include maximum operating pressure, maximum and minimum operating temperatures, t
35、he extent of chemical and physical reaction between the material carried and the pipe and joint material, and the flammability or toxicity of the material carried. Environmental factors relate to the route of the pipeline and include the amount of open country or built-up areas along the route, the
36、nature of the soil, the presence of areas liable to subsidence, the existence of exposed aquifers, fire risks of the areas traversed and any other condition which might affect the pipeline. BSI 2006CP2010-2:19703Storage includes:oil tank farms,water reservoirs, and liquefied gas storage.Plant includ
37、es:refineries, chemical process plant, fuel gas manufacturing plant, industrialgas manufacturing plant,water treatment plant, effluent treatment plant, and mixingplant for slurry production.Installation includes:depots and installations (which mayinclude storage) with facilities for transhipment to
38、other forms of transport.End use and disposal includes:plant and factories where pipelinecontents are delivered for use, e.g. power stations for fuel oil and coal slurry;cement factories for clay and chalkslurries;steel plant for oxygen; chemical plant for brine, feedstocks, etc.Figure 1 Illustratio
39、n of the definition of a pipeline BSI 2006CP2010-2:19704Table 1 Present general applications of the steel pipelinePipelines are unlikely to be required to operate outside the temperature range13Fto+250F (25C to+120C). Within this range of metal temperatures the specified minimum yield stress fy (see
40、2.2.2.2) need not be varied. In the event of pipelines being required to operate outside this range reference should be made to specifications such as BS8065) and BS33516), where design stresses for pipe materials at other temperatures are given.There are bound to be certain border-line cases betwee
41、n a pipeline and a piping system (see1.2.6). In such cases, this Code should be used if its adoption would lead to greater safety.1.4 Safety1.4.1 The recommendations of this Code are considered to be adequate to ensure public safety under conditions usually encountered in pipelines, including lines
42、within towns, cities, water catchments and industrial areas. In designing a pipeline, extra protection should be considered to prevent damage arising from unusual conditions, for example abnormal corrosive conditions, river crossings, bridges, areas of heavy traffic, long self-supported spans, vibra
43、tion, weight of special attachments, ground movement and any other abnormal forces, and in areas where the depth of cover is less than the recommended minimum.1.4.2 Examples of protective measures which may be provided are:1) increasing the pipe wall thickness,2) adding a protective coating of concr
44、ete or similar protective material that does not screen cathodic protection measures,3) using thicker coatings to give better protection against external corrosion,4) placing the line at a greater depth than is normal,5) indicating the presence of the line with additional markers,6) providing a slee
45、ve,7) adopting a pipeline layout which provides adequate flexibility, and8) providing protection from impact for above-ground pipelines.Fluid Pipelines with butt-welded joints Pipelines with other than butt-welded jointsCrude oil and petroleum products ALiquefied petroleum gases ANatural gas A AcTow
46、n gas A AcIndustrial gases AWater Ab AbSlurries and sludges A AChemicals Ab AbTrade effluents and sewagea Ab AbBrine Ab AbA = the general application.a See also CP2005, “Sewerage”.b These applications may require the pipeline to be lined to prevent internal corrosion.c This type of pipeline is used
47、for the conveyance of town and natural gases at lower operating pressures.5) BS806, “Ferrous pipes and piping installations for and in connection with land boilers”.6) BS 3351, “Piping systems for the petroleum industry”. BSI 2006CP2010-2:19705Since the object of these measures is to give increased
48、safety, care is needed to ensure that the extra protection given does in fact lead to greater safety. Extra thickness in steel pipes does not necessarily give adequate additional protection against corrosion and, where this is a danger, attention should be given to the use of thicker protective coat
49、ings, with adequate cathodic protection, and to the use of inhibitors or linings, depending on whether the corrosion is external or internal. Similarly, extra thickness may not give effective protection against damage to pipes as a result of excavating in proximity to them; here the use of protective concrete or other coatings, distinctive marker tiles or additional marker posts should be considered. The use of sleeves is recommended where the pipeline has to be shielded from live loads or where it may be necessary to withdraw the pipe wi
