1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationDD ISO/TS 19129:2009Geographic information Imagery, gridded and coveragedata frameworkLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 10/06/2011 07:18, Uncontrolled Copy,
2、(c) BSIDD ISO/TS 19129:2009 DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTNational forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of ISO/TS19129:2009.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publicationsand is of a provisional nature.
3、 It should be applied on thisprovisional basis, so that information and experience of its practicalapplication can be obtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Developmentare requested so that UK experience can be reported to theinternational organization responsible for its conversio
4、n toan international standard. A review of this publication willbe initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by theinternational organization so that a decision can be taken on itsstatus. Notification of the start of the review period will be made inan announcement in the appropriate is
5、sue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period,the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support theconversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of theTechnical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sentto the Secre
6、tary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at BritishStandards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request
7、to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 62579 4ICS 35.240.70Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Draft for Develop
8、ment was published under the authority ofthe Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 10/06/2011 07:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIDD ISO/TS 19129:2009Reference numberISO/TS 19
9、129:2009(E)ISO 2009TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS19129First edition2009-04-01Geographic information Imagery, gridded and coverage data framework Information Gographique Structure de donnes pour les images, les matrices et les mosaques Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 10/06/2011
10、 07:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIDD ISO/TS 19129:2009ISO/TS 19129:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and i
11、nstalled on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software p
12、roducts used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is foun
13、d, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and micr
14、ofilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2
15、009 All rights reservedLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 10/06/2011 07:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIDD ISO/TS 19129:2009ISO/TS 19129:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance. 1 3 Normative references . 1 4 Terms
16、and definitions. 1 4.1 Terms . 1 4.2 Abbreviated terms 7 4.3 Notation . 7 5 Background for the framework . 8 5.1 Legacy concepts and terminology 8 5.2 Separation of carrier and content . 8 5.3 Content model. 9 6 General feature model as applied to imagery and gridded data 10 6.1 Coverages as feature
17、s 10 6.2 Additional feature relationships 10 7 Framework. 10 7.1 Framework structure 10 7.2 Elements of the framework structure . 12 7.3 Encoding level. 15 7.4 Imagery and gridded data portrayal 16 7.5 Feature relationship for LUTs 16 8 Spatial referencing of imagery, gridded and coverage data 17 9
18、Imagery, gridded and coverage data structure . 17 9.1 IGCD structure and metadata 17 9.2 Framework structure classes 19 10 Templates 20 10.1 Application schema for imagery and gridded data . 20 10.2 Grid coverages 21 10.3 Continuous quadrilateral grid coverage. 23 10.4 Riemann hyperspatial multidime
19、nsional grid coverage. 24 10.5 TIN coverage . 27 10.6 Discrete point coverage . 28 10.7 Discrete surface grid coverage . 29 11 Tiling. 31 11.1 Tiled grids 31 11.2 Tile densities . 31 11.3 Tiling scheme 32 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 33 Annex B (informative) Use cases 35 Annex C (informat
20、ive) Portrayal of imagery and gridded data 36 Bibliography . 37 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 10/06/2011 07:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIDD ISO/TS 19129:2009ISO/TS 19129:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization)
21、 is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be repre
22、sented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are
23、 drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internationa
24、l Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS
25、) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical co
26、mmittee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If
27、 the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO
28、 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 19129 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 10/06/2011 07:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIDD ISO/TS 19129:2009ISO/TS 1
29、9129:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction Gridded data, including imagery, is a major form of geographic information. Over the past two decades many, largely incompatible, standards have been developed that are widely used for the interchange of geographic imagery and gridded data. The
30、se include standards developed by ISO, as well as those developed by other organizations. With so many different imagery and gridded data standards, each standard aimed at different but overlapping information communities, there is a considerable legacy problem. Working with data encoded using diffe
31、rent formats is often difficult because all of the necessary information for interworking has not been recorded using some of these standards. It is not possible to develop a new comprehensive standard to replace what exists or to simply endorse one existing standard (or industrial specification) to
32、 “solve” the interworking problem, because very large volumes of data exist in the various formats already in use. The Technical Report ISO/TR 19121:2000 identified the existing work on imagery and gridded data that had been ongoing in ISO and external technical organizations. What is required is a
33、structure that allows for the specification of the content in a manner independent of and compatible with the various different encoding standards. The area of imagery, gridded and coverage data is one of the most challenging within the field of geographic information. The data appears to be simple;
34、 however, there is significant structural complexity. While most data is organized in simple grids, there are many different traversal methods for grids and structures that support the distribution of attributes over a space. Sensor information and associated georeferencing are an important aspect o
35、f imagery, gridded and coverage geographic information. This Technical Specification endeavours to address the harmonization of the broad legacy of existing imagery and gridded data. The approach specified is not to build a very flexible standard that encompasses everything with a broad array of opt
36、ions, since that does not create compatibility. One can be fooled into thinking things are standardized, because two data sets use incompatible subsets of the same set of general standards. All that would be accomplished would be to give an ISO label to the existing diversity and incompatibility. Co
37、mpatibility is required for the underlying structure and primary elements of information content, regardless of how that information content is expressed. The purpose of this Technical Specification is to provide a framework within which interworking can occur. The approach used is to define a set o
38、f a few common information content structures for geographic imagery, gridded data and certain types of coverage data, which can be expressed using different encoding mechanisms and different interchange standards. The compatibility results from the common underlying content models that are expresse
39、d as a generic set of UML patterns for application schemas. This Technical Specification recognizes that there are many overlapping imagery and gridded data specifications in wide use that differ significantly in how the information content is structured for encoding and in what choices of informati
40、on form the content model. Different types of encoding may be appropriate in different situations. However, differences in content are difficult to reconcile. The existing different encoding standards do not necessarily conflict because they represent different ways of providing the same information
41、 in different contexts. Differences in content are also permitted for different situations, but the content definition must be the same in similar situations for interchange to be achieved without loss of information. Most of the existing specifications for imagery and gridded data used in industry
42、specify how content is to be expressed, rather than the content itself. They relate content to encoding, encapsulation and transfer of data. Those content descriptions that do appear to vary from one specification to another may not be in conflict or incompatible but reflect different real world sit
43、uations that require different treatments. This Technical Specification combines a number of well-defined content structures in accordance with ISO 19123, the International Standard for coverage geometry and functions together with metadata, spatial referencing and other aspects of imagery, gridded
44、and coverage data into a framework. This will foster a convergence at the content model level for existing imagery, gridded and coverage data while allowing for backward compatibility with the identified suite of existing standards. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 10/06/2011 0
45、7:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIDD ISO/TS 19129:2009Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 10/06/2011 07:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIDD ISO/TS 19129:2009TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19129:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Geographic information Imagery, gridded and coverage d
46、ata framework 1 Scope This Technical Specification defines the framework for imagery, gridded and coverage data. This framework defines a content model for the content type imagery and for other specific content types that can be represented as coverage data. These content models are represented as
47、a set of generic UML patterns for application schemas. 2 Conformance Any application schema or profile claiming conformance with this Technical Specification shall pass the requirements described in the abstract test suite, presented in Annex A. The abstract test suite indicates what is required for
48、 an application schema to comply with the framework established in this Technical Specification. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest
49、edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 19107, Geographic information Spatial schema ISO 19109:2005, Geographic information Rules for application schema ISO 19115, Geographic information Metadata ISO 19115-2, Geographic information Metadata Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19118, Geographic information Encoding ISO 19123, Geographic information Schema for coverage geometry and functions 4 Terms and definitions 4.1 Terms For the purposes of this document, the following terms and defi
