1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS EN 2489:1995 Fibre reinforced plastics Determination of the action of test fluids The European Standard EN 2489:1995 has the status of a British Standard UDC 678.067:621.193.19:629.7 ICS 49.040.10BS EN2489:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under th
2、e directionof the Engineering SectorBoard, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 December 1995 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/64 Draft for comment 88/78341 DC ISBN 0 580 23108 9 Commi
3、ttees responsible for this BritishStandard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/64, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Plastics Federation Ministry of Defence Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited Amendments issued since pu
4、blication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS EN2489:1995 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 2489 3 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Inside back
5、 coverBS EN2489:1995 ii BSI 12-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ACE/64 and is the English language version of EN2489:1995 Aerospace series Fibre reinforced plastics Determination of the action of test fluids, published by the European Committee fo
6、r Standardization (CEN). EN 2489 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the UnitedKingdom took an active part. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
7、Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-reference Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard EN 2744:1992 BS EN 2744 Non-metallic materials. Preferred test temperatures Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an
8、inside front cover, pagesi andii, theEN title page, pages2 to6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEN
9、NE EUROPISCHE NORM EN2489 September1995 ICS49.040.10 Descriptors: Aircraft industry, plastics, reinforced plastics, glass reinforced plastics, chemical tests, chemical resistance, chemical compounds, liquids English version Aerospace series Fibre reinforced plastics Determination of the action of te
10、st fluids Srie arospatiale Plastiques renforcs de fibres Dtermination de laction des fluides dessais Luft- und Raumfahrt Faserverstrkte Kunststoffe Bestimmung des Einflusses von Prfflssigkeiten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-09-19. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CEN
11、ELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
12、CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN
13、 members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europ
14、isches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1995 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. 2489:1995 EEN2489:1995 BSI 12-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by the European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers (AECMA). After inquiries an
15、d votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has successively received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of AECMA, prior to its presentation to CEN. According to the Common CEN/CENELEC Rules, the followi
16、ng countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Pri
17、nciple 3 4 Test fluids 3 5 Apparatus 3 6 Specimens 3 7 Procedure 4 8 Expression of results 5 9 Designation 6 10 Test report 6 Table 1 4EN2489:1995 BSI 12-1999 3 1 Scope This standard specifies the method of immersion of fibre reinforced plastics in test fluids. It does not give any directives to mee
18、t health and safety requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to adopt appropriate health and safety precautions. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative references are cite
19、d at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition
20、 of the publication referred to applies. EN 2379, Aerospace series Test fluids for non-metallic materials 1) . EN 2743, Aerospace series Reinforced plastics Standard procedures for conditioning prior to testing 1) . EN 2744, Aerospace series Non-metallic materials Preferred test temperatures. 3 Prin
21、ciple Determine: changes in appearance after immersion, or after immersion and drying; changes in mechanical and physical characteristics immediately after immersion, or after immersion and drying. Specimens in fibre reinforced plastics are subjected to a total immersion in the specified fluid for a
22、 specified period and temperature. The characteristics are determined before and after immersion and possibly after elimination of the fluid by drying. 4 Test fluids 4.1 As detailed in the material standard unless otherwise specified. NOTE 1EN 2379 shall be used as a basis. 4.2 In case of a fluid of
23、 unknown or variable composition, it is important that all samples of fluids are taken from the same container. NOTE 2This recommendation is valid only within the same series or programme of tests. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Glass beakers of a size suited to the dimensions of the specimens. 5.2 Temperature con
24、trolled vessel capable of maintaining the beakers at the immersion temperature accurate to 2 C 5.3 Vapour condensation system, if required 5.4 Thermometer of appropriate scale and accuracy 5.5 Ventilated drying oven which can be maintained at the specified temperature accurate to 2 C 5.6 Sealable co
25、ntainer (e.g. desiccator) 5.7 Balance accurate to within0,1mg 5.8 Magnifying glass with magnification of10times 6 Specimens A comparison between different fibre reinforced plastics using this method is only possible if the test specimens have the same shape, dimensions and condition (surface finish,
26、 etc.). 6.1 Cut at least five specimens from the laminate for each temperature and period of immersion and record their original position within the laminate. 1) Published as AECMA Prestandard at the date of publication of this standardEN2489:1995 4 BSI 12-1999 If the tests alter the test specimens
27、(in particular, destructive testing), an additional series of test specimens is required in order to act as a reference. 6.2 For the shape, dimensions and fabrication method of the specimens see the test standard concerned. If several test specimen sizes are specified, by preference the thickness cl
28、osest to3mm for glass fibre 2)reinforced laminates and to2mm for carbon fibre 2)reinforced laminates shall be selected. 7 Procedure 7.1 Immersion temperatures If it is not specified in the material standard, choose in preference one of the following temperatures: (23 2) C; (70 2) C; (100 2) C. If an
29、other temperature is needed, select it from EN2744 with a tolerance of 2 C. Check that the temperature chosen is not too close to the glass transition temperature of the laminate. 7.2 Duration of the immersion If it is not specified in the material standard, choose in preference one of the following
30、 periods of immersion: 24 h for a short test; 4 weeks for a normal test; 26 weeks for a long test. The immersion time can, if required, be selected fromTable 1. Table 1 7.3 Immersion (for each specimen) Unless otherwise specified, immersion shall be carried out in the dark. Use at least 4ml of fluid
31、 per square centimeter of the total specimen surface area. Immerse the specimen completely. When the specimens are composed of the same material, several may be placed in the same beaker, provided they do not touch each other. Ensure that contact between specimens and beaker walls and specimen suppo
32、rts is point contact so as to ensure that as much as possible of the specimen is wetted. Cover the beakers and place them in the temperature controlled vessel. Stir the fluid at least once per day and readjust its level, if necessary. Replace the fluid periodically in order to ensure that its compos
33、ition is maintained. NOTEIt may be necessary to check the fluid after immersion. This check may be a simple visual examination or an analysis. 7.4 Removal of the fluid Unless otherwise specified, it shall be removed by one of the following methods: wiping; rinsing then wiping; drying (if applicable)
34、. 7.4.1 Rinsing and wiping At the end of the period of immersion, the temperature of the specimens may be brought to ambient temperature or to the test temperature by transferring them rapidly into a new quantity of fluid at the specified test temperature. An immersion period of15min to30min shall b
35、e allowed before testing. 2) For other fibres, complementary information will be introduced, if necessary, later. Hours Weeks Years 1 2 4 8 16 24 48 96 168 2 4 8 16 26 52 1,5 2 3 4 5 AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AJ BA BB BD BE BF BG CA CB CC CD CE Designation codesEN2489:1995 BSI 12-1999 5 Remove the spe
36、cimens from the fluid. If necessary, rinse them with a product which does not affect the material and which is compatible with the fluid then wipe them with filter paper or lint-free cloth. 7.4.2 Drying After immersion in a volatile fluid, dry in an oven at (70 2) C until constant mass is obtained,
37、cool in a sealed container. 7.5 Determination of the characteristics after immersion 7.5.1 Ambient temperature test (23 2) C Carry out the test within the 15min which follow the removal from the sealed container. 7.5.2 Test at other than ambient temperature Place each specimen in the test fixture wh
38、ich is held at the specified temperature. Maintain the specimen at the specified test temperature for a period which is: either specified in the material standard; or determined during preliminary tests. For these tests, use an identical specimen which has been subjected to the same conditions of im
39、mersion and exposure to the same temperature on the same fixture. Check that the exposure time is sufficient so that all points on the specimen achieve the specified temperature without an unacceptable loss of the absorbed fluid. 8 Expression of results 8.1 Visual aspect Examine each specimen after
40、immersion, with the magnifying glass if necessary, while comparing it with a specimen that has not been immersed. Note the observed changes according to the following characteristics: colour (type and uniformity); opacity for translucent laminates; gloss of the surface; Record also if the following
41、defects are present: splits and cracks; blisters, pitting or other similar defects; degraded materials removed easily by rubbing; tackiness; delamination, warping or other distortion. Scale of severity: none, low, medium, high. 8.2 Physical and mechanical properties The action of fluids on the physi
42、cal and mechanical properties of the material shall be expressed in one of the three following ways: percentage change; residual percentage; change. 8.2.1 Percentage change (%) 8.2.1.1 After immersion 8.2.1.2 After immersion and drying R 2 R 1 R 1 -100 R 3 R 1 R 1 -100 EN2489:1995 6 BSI 12-1999 wher
43、e: R 1is the mean of the results before immersion; R 2is the mean of the results after immersion; R 3is the mean of the results after immersion and drying. 8.2.2 Residual percentage (%) 8.2.2.1 After immersion 8.2.2.2 After immersion and drying 8.2.3 Change 8.2.3.1 After immersion R 2 R 1 8.2.3.2 Af
44、ter immersion and drying R 3 R 1 9 Designation EXAMPLE: 10 Test report It shall contain the following: number of this standard, complete identification of the material or tested product (traceability); type of specimens used, method of their preparation, dimensions, surface finish, etc., location of
45、 the test specimens within the laminate; identification of the fluid used, immersion temperature and time; frequency of the additions or renewals of the fluid; temperatures and duration of drying (if necessary); test report of the tests performed; exposure time at the test temperature (if required);
46、 changes in visual aspect; calculated changes (see8.2); results of examination of the fluid, when carded out; any incident which may have affected the results. R 2 R 1 -100 R 3 R 1 -100 BS EN2489:1995 BSI 12-1999 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible The United Kingdom participation
47、 in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Aerospace Standards Policy Committee (ACE/-) to Technical Committee ACE/64, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Plastics Federation Ministry of Defence Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited National ann
48、ex NB (informative) Cross-references The British Standards corresponding to the European Standards referred to in the text are identical in number and title with these given in clause2 with the exception of EN2379 and EN2743 for which no corresponding British Standards exist.BS EN 2489:1995 BSI 389
49、Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions BritishStandards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of BritishStandar
