1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS EN 4408-6:2005 Technical drawings Representation of parts made of composite materials Part 6: Preforms The European Standard EN 4408-6:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 01.100.99; 49.020 BS EN 4408-6:2005 This British Standard was published under the
2、authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2005 BSI 31 October 2005 ISBN 0 580 46479 2 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 4408-6:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee ACE/65,
3、Non-metallic materials for aerospace purposes (excluding textiles), to Subcommittee ACE/65/-/64, Structural reinforced plastics, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or
4、proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement in
5、ternational or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not p
6、urport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title p
7、age, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN4408006 May2005 ICS01.100.99;49.020 E
8、nglishversion AerospaceseriesTechnicaldrawingsRepresentationofparts madeofcompositematerialsPart6:Preforms SriearospatialeDessinstechniquesReprsentation desarticlesenmatriauxcompositesPartie6:Prformes LuftundRaumfahrtTechnischeZeichnungen DarstellungvonTeilenausVerbundwerkstoffenTeil6: Vorformen Thi
9、sEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon15July2004. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobta
10、inedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial version
11、s. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOM
12、MITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN4408006:2005:EEN 4408-6:2005 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .4 2
13、Normative references .4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Representation of preforms on drawings .5 4.1 Representation of 2,5 D multilayers 5 4.2 Representation of rosettes.6 4.3 Representation of nDs7 4.4 Representation of braids7 4.5 Representation of woven and cowoven parts 9 Annex A (informative) Exam
14、ple of the representation of 2,5 D weaving10 Bibliography.12 EN 4408-6:2005 3 Foreword This document (EN 4408-006:2005) has been prepared by the European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers - Standardization (AECMA-STAN). After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this
15、Association, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of AECMA, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by en
16、dorsement, at the latest by November 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2005. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for
17、identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, H
18、ungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 4 1 Scope This standard specifies the rules for the representation of preforms of composite materials as well as the in
19、formation to be indicated in the technical drawings. It is applicable to aerospace structures using preforms. It shall be used together with EN 4408-001. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the e
20、dition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 4408-001, Aerospace series Technical drawings Representation of parts made of composite materials Part 1: General rules. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this
21、 document, the terms and definitions given in EN 4408-001 and the following apply. 3.1 braided tubular or plane shape obtained by a balance intertwining of continuous threads 3.2 braided into shape braided with a mandrel 3.3 cowoven (hybrid fabric) fabric made of different types of threads (e.g. car
22、bon/aramid hybrid fabric) 3.4 cowoven into shape woven into shape and made of different types of threads 3.5 level elementary structure of one layer in the weft or warp direction 3.6 multilayer (2,5 D) fabric the weft threads of which cross several levels of warp but not all of them 3.7 nD oriented
23、multidirectional reinforcement (industrial copyright) 3.8 preform name given to different stage of all part of the item prior to obtaining the required composite material EN 4408-6:20055 3.9 rosette circular piling of staggered layers of the direction with a recovering 3.10 woven plane surface obtai
24、ned by assembling intertwined threads which forms a definite framework 3.11 woven into shape any non plain shape woven with or without the use of a shaping tool 4 Representation of preforms on drawings It would appear to be difficult to characterise preforms due to: their complexity; the different w
25、ays of obtaining them. Examples of the representation of the cases encountered are given below: 4.1 Representation of 2,5 D multilayers The rules for the representation are those of lapped with, in addition, clear indications of parameters such as: the number of intertwined layers; the drawing of th
26、e repeated motif made up of the different levels; the quantity of threads warpwise and weftwise; etc. An example of the representation of 2,5 D weaving is illustrated in Annex A and an example of the representation of 2,5 D multilayers is given in Figure 1. In a reinforcement of the 2,5 D type the f
27、ibres are intertwined in a similar manner to those of a classic 2 D fabric, except that the warp threads may be intertwined with several layers made up of weft threads. This type of intertwining allows the different basic geometries of preforms to be made up. These variations depend: on the number o
28、f intertwined layers; on the repeated motif; on the number of threads placed along the diagonal. The representation on drawings shall clearly and concisely use these definition parameters to guarantee the designers requirements. EN 4408-6:2005 6 Cross-sections of the different sections Key 1 Thickne
29、ss 2 Warp Figure 1 4.2 Representation of rosettes This representation of rosettes shall include the following parameters (see Figure 2): outside diameter: D inside diameter: d thickness: e spiral angle: any additional requirement necessary to help understanding. NOTE An explanatory table is not nece
30、ssary since the layers are identical and of the same direction. EN 4408-6:20057 Key 1 Rosette Figure 2 4.3 Representation of nDs Representation shall be carried out on the drawing (a conventional image as well as a perspective) with the number of cross sections necessary for a proper understanding o
31、f the definers requirement. 4.4 Representation of braids See Figure 3 and Figure 4. This representation shall give the indications necessary for manufacturing and shall use the representation rules for draped items with, if necessary, additions depending on the geometry of the braided item to be obt
32、ained in its final state. The braiding angle is given in the braiding table. The definer uses marking with: areas which, associated with a braiding table, help identify the direction of braiding per section, if there is a need for identifying the section; an associated braiding table which identifie
33、s the area where the braiding angle undergoes changes. EN 4408-6:2005 8 NOTE In the example, the 0 warp corresponds to the parts axis. Figure 3 Braiding into shape BRAIDING TABLE 1111 4 40 40 1106 2 22 3 4 40 40 1101 2 22 3 4 40 40 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 AREA THICKNESS TYPE OF MATERIAL LAYER IDENTIFICATI
34、ON Key 1Type of fabric220 (S1) to 22 (S2)322 (S3) to 35 (S4)435 (S4) to 40 (S5) Figure 4 0 WARP EN 4408-6:20059 4.5 Representation of woven and cowoven parts The representation rules used are those for draped items and seams with which the following symbols are associated (see Table 1 and Figures 5
35、and 6): Table 1 DESIGNATION SYMBOL Woven or cowoven Woven or cowoven into shape Figure 5 Dimensions in millimetres GRAFTING TABLE LAY-UP DIAGRAM 1 116 900,33 1 111 450,33 1 106 0 0,33 1 101 450,33 NOTE 12 1 2 A1 FABRIC LAP AREA THICKNESS GRAFT AREA L1 L2 NOTE LAYER IDENTIFICATION DIRECTION THICKNESS
36、 0 WARP Key 1first grafting operation2second grafting operationFigure 6 EN 4408-6:2005 10 Annex A (informative) Example of the representation of 2,5 D weaving Dimensions in millimetres Key 12,5 D weaving is the addition of levels N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 and N6. These levels show the order and the course
37、of the weft threads and the warp threads. 2Marking threads in polyester. 3To be completed with the definition of the material (fibre, texture, etc.). 4 = weft thread = warp thread for one layer only LE Leading Edge TE Trailing Edge Figure A.1 END OF PLIES LE 515 1 1 max. 2 2 TE 1 max. 4 WARPWISE VIE
38、W 1 3 1236 5 4 N1 1 3 1236 5 4 N3 1 3 1236 5 4 N5 1 3 123 6 5 4 N2 1 3 123 6 5 4 N4 1 3 12 3 1 1 1 1 1 6 5 4 N6 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 WARP WEFT THREAD SEE END OF PLIES TE LE A15 A14 A13 A12 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A10 A9 A4 A1 A2 A3 A5 A7 A6 A8 A11 LAYER 4 LAYER 3 LAYER 2 LAY
39、ER 1 LAYER 8 LAYER 7 LAYER 6 LAYER 5 LAYER 12 LAYER 11 LAYER 10 LAYER 9 TE LE SEE WARPWISE VIEW EN 4408-6:200511 Dimensions in millimetres 512 66 1,48 Y 6511 111 1,48 Y Y 6510 144 1,48 Y Y 659 173 1,48 Y Y 658 195 1,48 Y Y 657 216 1,48 Y Y 656 238 1,48 Y Y 655 257 1,48 Y Y 654 278 1,48 Y Y 653 297 1
40、,48 Y Y 652 313 1,48 Y Y 51 327 1,48 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 AREA THICKNESS (mm) 1,48 2,96 4,44 5,92 7,4 8,88 10,36 11,84 13,32 14,8 16,28 17,76 16,28 14,8 13,32 11,84 10,36 8,88 7,4 5,92 4,44 2,
41、96 1,48 NOTE LAYER NB not warpwise Layer Thickness STAIRCASE VALUE (PITCH) 11 10 10 10 9 10 12 12 13 16 20 67 25 17 16 10 11 10 11 10 9 6 3 Key 5A layer (C) of type Y is made up of a 48 K weft thread and a 48 K warp thread linking (C) to (C1). 6A layer (C) of type is made up of a 48 K weft thread an
42、d a 48 K warp thread linking (C) to (C1) and a 48 K warp thread linking (C) to (C+1). Figure A.2 EN 4408-6:2005 12 Bibliography 1 EN 4408-002, Aerospace series Technical drawings Representation of parts made of composite materials Part 2: Laminated parts 2 EN 4408-003, Aerospace series Technical dra
43、wings Representation of parts made of composite materials Part 3: Parts including core materials 3 EN 4408-004, Aerospace series Technical drawings Representation of parts made of composite materials Part 4: Items obtained by winding 4 EN 4408-005, Aerospace series Technical drawings Representation
44、of parts made of composite materials Part 5: Seams EN 4408-6:2005blankBS EN 4408-6:2005 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at t
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