1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 878:2016Chemicals used for treatmentof water intended for humanconsumption AluminiumsulfateBS EN 878:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 878:2016. Itsupersedes BS EN 878:2004 which is withdrawn.The UK participation
2、 in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are re
3、sponsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 90465 3ICS 13.060.20; 71.100.80Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of
4、 theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 878:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 878 March 2016 ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 878:2004English Version Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for h
5、uman consumption - Aluminium sulfate Produits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leau destine la consommation humaine - Sulfate daluminium Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr den menschlichen Gebrauch - Aluminiumsulfat This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 January 2016. CEN membe
6、rs are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applicatio
7、n to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Manageme
8、nt Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, L
9、ithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17,
10、 B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 878:2016 EBS EN 878:2016EN 878:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Description . 5 3.1 Identification . 5 3.1.1
11、 Chemical name 5 3.1.2 Synonym or common names 5 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 5 3.1.4 Empirical formula 5 3.1.5 Chemical formula . 5 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number 5 3.1.7 EINECS reference 6 3.2 Commercial forms 6 3.3 Physical properties 6 3.3.1 Appearance . 6 3.3.2 Density . 6 3.3.3 Solubility . 6 3.3.
12、4 Vapour pressure at 20 C . 7 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa 7 3.3.6 Crystallization point 7 3.3.7 Specific heat . 7 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) . 7 3.3.9 Critical temperature . 7 3.3.10 Critical pressure . 7 3.3.11 Physical hardness 8 3.4 Chemical properties 8 4 Purity criteria 8 4.1 General . 8 4.2
13、Composition of commercial product . 8 4.3 Impurities and main by-products 8 4.4 Chemical parameters 9 5 Test methods . 9 5.1 Sampling 9 5.1.1 Solid . 9 5.1.2 Liquid 9 5.2 Analyses 10 6 Labelling - Transportation - Storage 10 6.1 Means of delivery 10 6.2 Labelling in accordance with the EU legislatio
14、n 10 6.3 Transportation regulations and labelling 11 6.4 Marking . 12 6.5 Storage 12 6.5.1 General 12 6.5.2 Long term stability 12 6.5.3 Storage incompatibilities . 12 BS EN 878:2016EN 878:2016 (E) 3 Annex A (informative) General information on aluminium sulfate . 13 A.1 Origin . 13 A.1.1 Raw materi
15、als . 13 A.1.2 Manufacturing process 13 A.2 Quality of commercial product . 13 A.3 Use . 15 A.3.1 Function 15 A.3.2 Form in which it is used. 15 A.3.3 Treatment dose 15 A.3.4 Means of application . 15 A.3.5 Secondary effects . 15 A.3.6 Removal of excess product . 16 Annex B (normative) General rules
16、 relating to safety . 17 B.1 Rules for safe handling and use 17 B.2 Emergency procedures 17 B.2.1 First aid . 17 B.2.2 Spillage 17 B.2.3 Fire 17 Bibliography 18 BS EN 878:2016EN 878:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 878:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water su
17、pply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2
18、016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 878:2004. Significant technical differences between t
19、his edition and EN 878:2004 are as follows: a) addition of CAS Registry Number for tetradecahydrate; b) information relating to the crystallization point added; c) replacement of warning and safety precautions notes by labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008; d) modification of the conce
20、ntration of the solutions used. In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this standard: 1) this standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member Stat
21、es of the EU or EFTA; 2) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approv
22、al of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries ar
23、e bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Po
24、rtugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 878:2016EN 878:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to aluminium sulfate used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of aluminium
25、sulfate and specifies the requirements for aluminium sulfate and gives reference to the analytical methods. It gives information on its use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of aluminium sulfate (see Annex B). 2 Normative references The following docu
26、ments, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1302, Chemicals used f
27、or treatment of water intended for human consumption - Aluminium-based coagulants - Analytical methods ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use Safety in sampling ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling Vocabulary ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use Sampl
28、ing techniques Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name Aluminium sulfate. 3.1.2 Synonym or common names Aluminium sulfate, cake alum, alum. NOTE In English the generic term “alum” is imprecise and is d
29、eprecated and in German the term “Alaun” is misleading. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 342,14 for Al2(SO4)3. 3.1.4 Empirical formula Al2(SO4)3. 3.1.5 Chemical formula Al2(SO4)3nulln H2O. 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number 1)Al2(SO4)3: 10043-01-3. 1)Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. BS EN 878:2016EN
30、878:2016 (E) 6 Al2(SO4)3 14 H2O: 16828-12-9. Al2(SO4)316 H2O: 16828-11-8. Al2(SO4)318 H2O: 7784-31-8 3.1.7 EINECS reference 2)Al2(SO4)3: 233-135-0. 3.2 Commercial forms Aluminium sulfate is available in solid hydrated forms, with different particle sizes (slabs, kibbled, ground, granulated) and as a
31、queous solutions. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance The product is a white solid or colourless to yellow, clear liquid. 3.3.2 Density The density of a typical aluminium sulfate solution is given in Table 1 and varies depending on the concentration of the active matter (aluminium content), exp
32、ressed in grams per kilogram of solution (Al g/kg). Table 1 Density of solution Al g/kg of solution Density at 15 C g/ml 40,8 1,310 41,6 1,315 42,5 1,320 43,3 1,325 44,2 1,330 45,0 1,335 3.3.3 Solubility The theoretical limit of active matter content for a typical solution is given in Table 2. Table
33、 2 Solubility Temperature Active matter in C Al g/kg of solution - 1 44,7 24 44,8 The practical limit of solubility depends on the temperature and the device used for solubilization of the solid form (slabs, kibbled, ground or granulated). 2)European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substan
34、ces. BS EN 878:2016EN 878:2016 (E) 7 An indication of practical limits is given in Table 3. Table 3 Indication of practical limits of solubility Temperature C Active matter Al g/kg of solution Solubility in grams solid form (containing Al 90 g/kg of solid) per kilogram of solution 15 37 410 3.3.4 Va
35、pour pressure at 20 C Not known. 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa 3)Not known. 3.3.6 Crystallization point The crystallization point of aluminium sulfate varies, depending on the concentration of the active matter. For example: - 7 C for a typical solution of aluminium content of 42,4 g/kg of solution
36、. Solution stored at low temperatures (below 0C) can spontaneously form a solid mass of crystal hydrate. 3.3.7 Specific heat Not known. 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) The viscosity of aluminium sulfate solution varies greatly, depending on the concentration of the active matter. For a typical solution of
37、 aluminium content of 42,4 g/kg of solution, the viscosity is given in Table 4. Table 4 Viscosity Temperature C Viscosity mPa.s 0 40,0 10 26,5 20 18,6 30 13,2 40 8,8 3.3.9 Critical temperature Not applicable. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3)100 kPa = 1 bar. BS EN 878:2016EN 878:2016 (E) 8
38、 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical properties Aluminium sulfate is an acidic hydrated salt or solution. Very dilute solutions hydrolyse and form a precipitate of aluminium hydroxide. NOTE Since aluminium compounds are amphoteric in nature, the solubility of aluminium depends on t
39、he pH value and it is advised to use the product within an appropriate pH range. 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for aluminium sulfate used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities common
40、ly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities can be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. Users of the product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it
41、is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not stated in the product standard, and other relevant factors. Limits have been given for impurities
42、 and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If a change in the production process or raw materials leads to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be n
43、otified to the user. 4.2 Composition of commercial product The concentration of active matter (aluminium content) in the product expressed as grams per kilogram of product shall be within 3 % of the manufacturers declared values. NOTE The concentration of water-soluble aluminium in commercial produc
44、ts varies. Typical values are given here below: Commercial form Al g/kg of product Solid 72 to 91 Solution 32 to 44 4.3 Impurities and main by-products The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 5. Table 5 Limits of impurities Grade Impurity Limit g/kg of Al Iron free Iron (Fe)
45、 max. 1,60 Low iron Iron (Fe) max. 1,60 Fe 115 All grades Insoluble matter max. 23 NOTE The value quoted for iron is for both iron (II) and iron (III). Iron can be present as a component of the product and will usually be removed in the treatment process. BS EN 878:2016EN 878:2016 (E) 9 4.4 Chemical
46、 parameters The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 6. Table 6 Chemical parameters Parameter Limit mg/kg of Al Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Arsenic (As) max. 14 40 100 Cadmium (Cd) max. 3 50 100 Chromium (Cr) max. 30 700 1 000 Mercury (Hg) max. 4 10 20 Nickel (Ni) max. 20 700 1 000
47、Lead (Pb) max. 40 200 800 Antimony (Sb) max. 20 40 120 Selenium (Se) max. 20 40 120 NOTE Cyanide (CN-) is usually not relevant because of the acidity of the product. Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not relevant since the raw materials used in the manufacturing process are free of
48、 them. For maximum impact of these products on trace metal content in drinking water see A.2. 5 Test methods 5.1 Sampling 5.1.1 Solid Observe the general recommendations of ISO 3165 and take into account ISO 6206. Prepare the laboratory sample(s) required by the relevant procedure described in ISO 8
49、213. 5.1.2 Liquid 5.1.2.1 Sampling from drums and bottles 5.1.2.1.1 General 5.1.2.1.1.1 Mix the contents of each container to be sampled by shaking the container, by rolling it or by rocking it from side to side, taking care not to damage the container or spill any of the liquid. 5.1.2.1.1.2 If the design of the container is such (for example, a narrow-necked bottle) that it is impracticable to use a sampling implement, take a sample by pouring after the contents have been thoroughly mixed. Otherwise, proceed as described in 5.1.2.1
