1、BS EN 937:2016Chemicals used for treatmentof water intended for humanconsumption ChlorineBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 937:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 937:2016. It supersedes BS EN
2、 937:2009 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all
3、the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 91012 8 ICS 13.060.20; 71.100.80 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Th
4、is British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 937:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 937 May 2016 ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN
5、 937:2009English Version Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Chlorine Produits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leau destine la consommation humaine - Chlore Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr den menschlichen Gebrauch - Chlor This European Standard was
6、 approved by CEN on 18 March 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nati
7、onal standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own langu
8、age and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
9、 Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN
10、-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 937:2016 EBS EN 937:2016EN 937:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative r
11、eferences 5 3 Description 5 3.1 Identification 5 3.2 Commercial form . 6 3.3 Physical properties . 6 3.4 Chemical properties . 7 4 Purity criteria . 7 4.1 General 7 4.2 Composition of commercial product 7 4.3 Impurities and main by-products . 7 4.4 Chemical parameters . 8 5 Test methods 8 5.1 Genera
12、l 8 5.2 Sampling . 8 5.3 Analysis . 8 6 Labelling - Transportation - Storage 8 6.1 Means of delivery 8 6.2 Labelling in accordance with EU legisation 9 6.3 Transportation regulations and labelling . 10 6.4 Marking 11 6.5 Storage . 11 Annex A (informative) General information on chlorine . 12 A.1 Ori
13、gin 12 A.2 Use . 12 Annex B (informative) General rules relating to safety 13 B.1 Rules for safe handling and use 13 B.2 Emergency procedures 13 Annex C (informative) Determination of nitrogen trichloride (molecular absorption spectrometry) 14 C.1 General . 14 C.2 Principle 14 C.3 Reaction . 14 C.4
14、Reagents 14 C.5 Apparatus 15 C.6 Sampling and samples 16 C.7 Procedure 16 C.8 Calculation and expression of the results . 19 Bibliography . 21 BS EN 937:2016EN 937:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 937:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secreta
15、riat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2016 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016. Attention is dra
16、wn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 937:2009. Differences between this edition and EN 937:2009 are editorial i
17、n order to harmonize the text with other standards in this series: a) deletion of reference to Directive 67/548/EEC of 27th June 1967 in order to take into account the latest Regulation in force (see 2); b) amendment of subclause 6.2 according to 2; c) deletion of reference to Directive 98/8/EC of 1
18、6 February 1998 in order to take into account the latest Regulation in force (see 3). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech R
19、epublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. B
20、S EN 937:2016EN 937:2016 (E) 4 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this European Standard: a) this European Standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restric
21、tion in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this European Standard does n
22、ot confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. This product is a biocide and needs to comply with the relevant legislation in
23、 force. In the European Union, at the time of publication, this legislation is Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 3. BS EN 937:2016EN 937:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to chlorine used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of chlor
24、ine and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for chlorine. It gives information on its use in water treatment. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For date
25、d references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696) ISO 1552, Liquid chlorine for industrial use - Method o
26、f sampling (for determining only the volumetric chlorine content) ISO 2120, Liquid chlorine for industrial use - Determination of the content of chlorine by volume in the vaporized product ISO 2121, Liquid chlorine for industrial use - Determination of water content - Gravimetric method ISO 6206, Ch
27、emical products for industrial use - Sampling - Vocabulary 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name Chlorine. 3.1.2 Synonym or common name Liquid chlorine. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 70,91. 3.1.4 Empirical formula Cl2. 3.1.5 Chemical formula Cl2. 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number 1)7782-50-5.
28、 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. BS EN 937:2016EN 937:2016 (E) 6 3.1.7 EINECS reference 2)231-959-5. 3.2 Commercial form Pressurized liquefied gas. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance Liquid chlorine is a clear, amber coloured liquid. Chlorine gas is greenish yellow, 2,5 times he
29、avier than air. It has a suffocating and characteristic odour. 3.3.2 Density Liquid: 1,409 g/ml at 20 C. Gas: 3,169 kg/m3at 101.3 kPa at 0 C; 2,945 kg/m3at 101.3 kPa at 20 C. 3.3.3 Solubility (in water) 7,26 g/l at 20 C and 100 kPa. 3.3.4 Vapour pressure 669 kPa at 20 C. 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 k
30、Pa 3)- 34 C. 3.3.6 Liquefaction point - 101 C at 100 kPa. 3.3.7 Specific heat Liquid: 920 J/(kg.K) at - 34 C. Gas: 475 J/(kg.K) at 0 C. 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) Gas: 1 333 10-8Pa.s at 20 C. Liquid: 4,78 10-4Pa.s at - 34 C. 3.3.9 Critical temperature 144 C. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commerci
31、al Chemical Substances. 3) 100 kPa = 1 bar. BS EN 937:2016EN 937:2016 (E) 7 3.3.10 Critical pressure 7 710,83 kPa. 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical properties Chlorine is a very strong oxidizing agent and can react violently with some gases such as hydrogen. Almost all metals fo
32、rm chlorides in the presence of chlorine. Organic compounds including mineral oils and greases react very quickly with chlorine. The standard redox potential of gaseous chlorine in neutral aqueous solution at 25 C and 101.3 mbar is: Cl2(gas)+ 2e-= 2 Cl-(aq)E0=+1,36 V (1) 4 Purity criteria 4.1 Genera
33、l This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for chlorine used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present
34、 and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. Users of this product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality
35、, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not stated in the product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemicals parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. I
36、f the production process or raw materials leads to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. 4.2 Composition of commercial product The product shall contain at least a volume fraction of 99,5 % chlorine. 4.3 Impurities and main
37、by-products The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. Table 1 Impurities Impurities Limit in mg/kg of product Water (H20) 20 Nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) 20 aaValid for containers with a net mass of max. 1 000 kg liquid chlorine. For tanks with a higher capacity the limit sh
38、all be lowered to 10 mg/kg due to safety concerns (see 4 for further details). NOTE 1 Other by-products consist of gases (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen) in variable proportions which are not relevant for the purposes described in this European Standard. BS EN 937:2016EN 937:2016 (E) 8 N
39、OTE 2 Carbon tetrachloride, which is used in some chlorine manufacturing plants as an auxiliary solvent in chlorine processing, and other chlorinated hydrocarbons originating from rubberised or plastic piping might be present in traces in chlorine, but are not relevant due to the low dosage of chlor
40、ine to water intended for human consumption. Chlorine can also contain traces of bromine, depending on the purity of the salt used in the electrolytic process and the subsequent chlorine processing. 4.4 Chemical parameters Heavy metals, which might be present in traces in liquid chlorine, are no rel
41、evant chemical parameters for gaseous chlorine that is applied in water treatment. Cyanide, pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not by-products of the manufacturing process. NOTE For the purpose of this standard, “chemical parameters“ are those defined in the EU Directive 98/83/EC of
42、 November 3, 1998 (1). For their parametric values in drinking water, see 1.” 5 Test methods 5.1 General The composition of chlorine is usually controlled and monitored by the supplier and not intended to be performed by users. The methods given for sampling and analysis are intended for use in case
43、 of dispute, and shall be carried out by very competent personnel only. Due to the potential safety risks when performing sampling and analysis, it is strongly recommended to take advice of the chlorine producers or specialised laboratories. 5.2 Sampling Take a sample of liquid chlorine, taking acco
44、unt of ISO 6206, in accordance with the following techniques: ISO 1552 for the determination of chlorine content; ISO 2121 for the determination of water content. 5.3 Analysis 5.3.1 Determination of chlorine content The chlorine content shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2120. 5.3.2 Determin
45、ation of water content The water content shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2121. 5.3.3 Determination of nitrogen trichloride content The nitrogen trichloride content shall be determined in accordance with Annex C. 6 Labelling - Transportation - Storage 6.1 Means of delivery Chlorine shall b
46、e delivered in transportable pressure equipment (cylinders, pressure drums, tanks, portable tanks, etc.). (See 7). In order that the purity of the product is not affected, the means of delivery shall not have been used previously for any different product or it shall have been specially cleaned and
47、prepared before use. BS EN 937:2016EN 937:2016 (E) 9 6.2 Labelling in accordance with EU legisation 4)At the time of publication of this European Standard, the following labelling requirements shall apply to chlorine: Signal Word: Danger Hazard Statements: H270 May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser
48、H331 Toxic if inhaled H319 Causes serious eye irritation H335 May cause respiratory irritation Figure 1 GHS04 H315 Causes skin irritation H400 Very toxic to aquatic life Figure 2 GHS03 4) See 2. BS EN 937:2016EN 937:2016 (E) 10 Figure 3 GHS06 Figure 4 GHS09 The Regulation 2 contains a list of substa
49、nces classified by the EU. Substances not listed in this Regulation should be classified on the basis of their intrinsic properties according to the criteria in the Regulation by the person responsible for the marketing of the substance. Chlorine used for treatment of water intended for human consumption is applied as a biocidal product. Therefore, additional labelling requirements according to Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 (see 3) shall be applied. 6.3 Transportation regulations and labelling Chlorine is listed a
