1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Part 2: Procedure for bolted joint modelsThe European Standard EN 10319-2:2006 has the status of a
2、British StandardICS 77.040.10Metallic materials Tensile stress relaxation testing BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 10319-2:2006BS EN 10319-2:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49535 3Amendments issued
3、 since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard w
4、as published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 10319-2:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee ISE/NFE/4, Mechanical testing of metals, to Subcommittee ISE/NFE/4/1, Uniaxial testing of metals.A list of organizations represented on ISE/NFE/4/1 can be
5、obtained on request to its secretary.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 10319-2October 2006ICS 77.040.10English VersionMetallic materials - Tensile stress relaxation testing - Part 2:Procedure for bolted joint modelsMatriaux mtalliques - Essai de relaxation en traction -Partie 2: Mode
6、 opratoire pour modles dassemblagesboulonnsMetallische Werkstoffe - Relaxationsversuch unterZugbeanspruchung - Teil 2: Prfverfahren mitSchraubenverbindungsmodellenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 August 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whi
7、ch stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standa
8、rd exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards
9、 bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN CO
10、MMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 10319-2:2006: EEN 10319-2:2006 (E) 2 C
11、ontents Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Symbols and designations .5 5 Principle6 6 Apparatus .6 6.1 Bolted joint model device .6 6.1.1 General6 6.1.2 Bolted joint model A7 6.1.3 Bolted joint model bolt B 7 6.2 Extension measuring device 7 6.2.1 Measuring dev
12、ice for the overall length7 6.2.2 Measuring device for the strain7 6.3 Heating device7 6.3.1 General purpose 7 6.3.2 Permissible temperature deviations7 6.3.3 Temperature measurement.8 6.3.4 Calibration of the thermocouples and temperature measuring system 8 7 Shape, dimensions and preparation of bo
13、lted joint models .9 7.1 Shape and dimensions9 7.2 Preparation .10 7.3 Determination of the original cross-sectional area10 8 Test procedure.10 8.1 General10 8.2 Tensioning of the bolt .10 8.2.1 General10 8.2.2 Tensioning with bolted joint model A11 8.2.3 Tensioning with bolted joint model B11 8.3 D
14、etermination of the initial stress of the bolt .11 8.4 Heating, holding at temperature and cooling of the bolted joint model 11 8.5 Determination of the residual elastic strain11 8.5.1 General11 8.5.2 Unloading the bolt .12 8.5.3 Residual elastic strain with bolted joint model A.12 8.5.4 Residual el
15、astic strain with bolted joint model B.12 8.5.5 Determination of the residual stress .12 9 Accuracy of the results .13 9.1 Expression of the results13 9.2 Uncertainty .13 10 Test report 13 Annex A (informative) Information concerning different types of thermocouples .21 Annex B (informative) Informa
16、tion concerning methods of calibration of thermocouples22 Bibliography 23 EN 10319-2:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 10319-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 1 “Steel - Mechanical testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given
17、the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2007 This European Standard consist of the following parts under the general title Metallic mater
18、ials Tensile stress relaxation testing: Part 1: Procedure for testing machines Part 2: Procedure for bolted joint models According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
19、 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 10319-2:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This p
20、art of EN 10319 specifies the test method for determining the stress relaxation of bolts tensioned in bolted joint models subjected throughout the test to overall constant strain and constant temperature conditions. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
21、application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this European Standard, the following terms and def
22、initions apply. 3.1 nominal diameter (d) diameter of the bolt in the cylindrical length Lc3.2 thread diameter (D) diameter of the threaded ends of the bolt 3.3 cylindrical length (Lc) length of the cylindrical reduced section of the bolt 3.4 reference length (Lr) base length of the bolt used for cal
23、culating strain 3.5 overall length (Lt) overall length of the bolt 3.6 original cross-sectional area (So) cross-sectional area of the cylindrical length of the bolt determined at ambient temperature prior to testing: 42/dSo= 3.7 extension increase in the overall length Lt A distinction is made betwe
24、en:3.7.1 extension during tensioning (Lo) extension of the overall length Ltof the bolt during tensioning EN 10319-2:2006 (E) 5 3.7.2 elastic reverse extension during unloading (Lt) back extension of the overall length Ltof the bolt during unloading at the end of the test 3.8 strain extension divide
25、d by the reference length Lr A distinction is made between: 3.8.1 specified initial elastic strain (eo) initial elastic strain of the bolt at the beginning of the test NOTE The specified initial elastic strain is calculated from the extension during tensioning Lo(reo/ LLo= ) or is measured directly
26、on the cylindrical length of the bolt with strain gauges. 3.8.2 residual elastic strain (er) strain calculated from the reverse extension Lt(rterLL = ) or directly measured in the cylindrical length of the bolt with strain gauges during unloading of the bolt at the end of the test 3.9 stress at any
27、time during the test, force divided by the original cross-sectional area (So) of the bolt between: A distinction is made between: 3.9.1 initial stress () stress at the start of the test, expressed as a product of the static elastic modulus ETat the test temperature and the specific initial elastic s
28、train eoeoT = Eo (1) 3.9.2 residual stress (rt) value to which the stress of the bolt has relaxed at the specified time t, after the test, expressed as the product of the elastic modulus ETor ETdand the residual elastic strain erTrt = E (2) NOTE The dynamic modulus of elasticity ETdshould be taken,
29、if the static modulus of elasticity ETat test temperature is not available. 4 Symbols and designations The symbols and corresponding designations are given in Table 1. EN 10319-2:2006 (E) 6 Table 1 Symbols and designations Symbol Unit Designation d mm Nominal diameter of the cross-section of the cyl
30、indrical length of the bolt Lcmm Cylindrical length of the bolt Lrmm Reference length of the bolt Ltmm Overall length of the bolt Somm2Original cross-sectional area of the cylindrical length of the bolt eoSpecified initial elastic strain erResidual elastic strain ETGPa Static modulus of elasticity a
31、t test temperature ETdGPa Dynamic modulus of elasticity at test temperature oMPaaInitial stress rtMPa Residual stress at time t t h Test duration T C Specified temperature TiC Indicated temperature a1 MPa=1 N/mm2. 5 Principle The test consists of tensioning a test piece in the form of a bolt in a bo
32、lted joint model device to a specified initial elastic strain, subjecting the bolt to that strain for specific temperature and time and determining the residual stress in the bolt by unloading at the end of the test. The constant tensile strain and residual stress are derived from an extension measu
33、rement referring to the overall length of the bolt (bolted joint model A) or from strain gauge measurements at the cylindrical length of the bolt (bolted joint model B), all measurements being performed at room temperature. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Bolted joint model device 6.1.1 General In the bolted joint
34、model, a bolt with a cylindrical length and threaded ends is tensioned by two nuts against a flange (Figure 1). Bolts, flanges and nuts shall be of the same material. EN 10319-2:2006 (E) 7 The bolted joint model shall apply a force along the axis of the bolt in such a way that inadvertent bending or
35、 torsion of the bolt are minimal. The flange shall have a sufficient stiffness. Unloading the bolt at the end of the test shall be possible by destroying the flange or a nut. 6.1.2 Bolted joint model A In bolted joint model A (Figure 2) the ends of the bolt allow the application of an extension meas
36、uring device (Figure 4). 6.1.3 Bolted joint model bolt B In bolted joint model B the flange allows access for the application of two opposite strain gauges onto the cylindrical length of the bolt (Figure 3). 6.2 Extension measuring device 6.2.1 Measuring device for the overall length With the measur
37、ing device (Figure 4) the extension of the bolt of the bolted joint model A shall be measured at room temperature with and without tensioning at the beginning and at the end of the test. The accuracy of the measurement with a dial gauge shall be 0,001 mm. NOTE The use of a reference bar (Figure 4) f
38、acilitates the extension measurements. 6.2.2 Measuring device for the strain With the measuring device (Figure 5) the strain of the cylindrical length of the bolt of bolted joint model B shall be measured at room temperature without and with tensioning at the beginning and the end of the test. Two a
39、ctive strain gauges are mounted on opposite sides at the cylindrical length of the bolt. They are connected in a series for measuring additional bending. The strain gauges should have a gauge length of at least 6 mm. NOTE To avoid undesired reaction products, which may be gaseous or firmly adhere to
40、 the surface of the bolt, the strain gauges, including the adhesive, have to be removed before the model is heated up to the test temperature. To compensate for variations in strain caused by room temperature variations, two passive compensating strain gauges shall be mounted on a reference piece of
41、 material identical to the material of the bolted joint model in the initial state and shall also be connected in series. The total configuration of all the strain gauges mounted on the bolted joint model and on the reference piece should be set up as a half-bridge circuit. The accuracy of the measu
42、ring device shall be 1 . 10-6in strain. 6.3 Heating device 6.3.1 General purpose The heating device shall heat the bolted joint model, hold it at the specified temperature for a specified time and cool it down to room temperature. The heating device shall be capable of performing limited heating and
43、 cooling rates. 6.3.2 Permissible temperature deviations The permitted deviations between the indicated temperature, Tiof the bolted joint model, the specified temperature, T and the maximum admissible temperature gradient shall be as given in Table 2. The temperature gradient is the maximum differe
44、nce between the temperatures indicated by the measuring thermocouples attached to the bolted joint model. EN 10319-2:2006 (E) 8 Table 2 Permitted deviations between Ti,T and the maximum admissible temperature gradient Specified temperature T Permitted deviation between Tiand T Maximum admissible tem
45、perature gradient C C C T 600 3 2 600 T 800 4 3 800 T 1 000 5 3 For specified temperatures greater than 1 000 C, the permitted values shall be defined by agreement between the parties concerned. The indicated temperatures Ti,are the temperatures measured at the surface of the cylindrical length of t
46、he test piece, errors from all sources being taken into account. NOTE Instead of measuring the temperature at the surface of the bolted joint model, it is permitted to indirectly measure the temperature of each heating zone of the furnace provided it is demonstrated that the tolerance defined above
47、is fulfilled. The variation of the room temperature during all extension measurements shall not exceed 2 C. 6.3.3 Temperature measurement 6.3.3.1 General Temperature indicator shall have a resolution (sensitivity) of at least 0,5 C and the temperature measuring equipment shall have an accuracy of 1
48、C. 6.3.3.2 Number of thermocouples It is recommended that at least one thermocouple should be used for each bolted joint model and where only one thermocouple is used, it should be positioned at the middle of the bolted joint model. In the case of indirect temperature measurement, regular control me
49、asurements are required to determine the differences between the thermocouple(s) of each heating zone and a significant number of model bolts within a given zone. The non-systematic components of the temperature differences shall not exceed 2 C up to 800 C and 3 C above 800 C. The total number of thermocouples may not be reduced to less than three, if the thermocouples located at suitable places in the furnace and the indicated temperature do not exceed the perm
