1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12643:2014Earth-moving machinery Rubber-tyred machines Steering requirements (ISO5010:1992 modified)BS EN 12643:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12643:2014. Itsupersedes BS EN 12643:1997+A1:2008 which is withdra
2、wn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/513/1, Earth moving machinery (International).A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of
3、a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 77107 1ICS 53.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the au
4、thority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 12643:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12643 February 2014 ICS 53.100 Supersedes EN 12643:1997+A1:2008English Version Earth-moving machinery -
5、Rubber-tyred machines - Steering requirements (ISO 5010:1992 modified) Engins de terrassement - Engins quips de pneumatiques - Systmes de direction (ISO 5010:1992 modifi) Erdbaumaschinen - Radfahrzeuge - Lenkvermgen (ISO 5010:1992 modifiziert) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 Novembe
6、r 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtai
7、ned on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN
8、-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
9、 Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
10、 Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12643:2014 EBS EN 12643:2014EN 12643:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Genera
11、l requirements 5 5 Ergonomic requirements 7 6 Performance requirements .7 6.1 Normal steering 7 6.2 Emergency steering: power-assisted steering .7 6.3 Emergency steering: fully powered steering 8 6.4 All steering systems 8 7 Steering test course 8 8 Machine specifications for test 8 9 Tyre circle te
12、st procedure .9 10 Steering tests .9 10.1 Tests with all steering systems 9 10.2 Tests with normal steering system 9 10.3 Tests with emergency steering system .9 10.4 Alternative steering tests . 10 10.4.1 General . 10 10.4.2 Alternative test course . 10 10.4.3 Test steering angle . 10 10.4.4 Test w
13、ith normal steering systems . 10 10.4.5 Tests with emergency steering systems 11 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 15 BS EN 12643:2014EN 12643:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12643:2014) has been prepa
14、red by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction equipment and building material machines - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Aug
15、ust 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
16、rights. Modifications to the ISO 5010:1992 text are indicated by a vertical line in the left margin of the text. This document supersedes EN 12643:1997+A1:2008. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below: update of normative references; content list added; error correctio
17、n in 10.3.4; update of Annex ZA. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integ
18、ral part of this document. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republi
19、c of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12643:2014EN 12643:2014 (E) 4 1 Scope This European St
20、andard specifies steering system tests and performance criteria for evaluating the steering capability of rubber-tyred self-propelled earth-moving machines having a machine speed, determined in accordance with ISO 6014:1986, greater than 20 km/h. It applies to tractors, loaders, backhoe loaders, exc
21、avators, dumpers, tractor-scrapers and graders equipped with either manual (unassisted) steering, power-assisted steering of fully powered steering as defined in ISO 6165:2006. This European Standard excludes rollers, compactors and pipelayers. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whol
22、e or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3450:2011, Earth-moving machiner
23、y Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems (ISO 3450:2011) ISO 6014:1986, Earth-moving machinery Determination of ground speed EN ISO 6165:2006, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Identification and terms and definitions (ISO 6165:2
24、006) ISO 7457:1997, Earth-moving machinery Determination of turning dimensions of wheeled machines 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 steering system system including all machine elements between the operator and the ground-conta
25、cting wheels participating in steering the machine 3.1.1 manual steering system system depending exclusively on the muscular power of the operator to effect normal steering of the machine 3.1.2 power-assisted steering system system employing auxiliary power source(s) to supplement the muscular power
26、 of the operator to effect steering of the machine. Without steering auxiliary power source(s), the machine can be steered with muscle power only (see 6.2.1) 3.1.3 fully powered steering system system in which steering is provided by steering power source(s). Without the power source(s), the machine
27、 cannot reasonably be steered with muscle power only (see 6.2.1) 3.1.4 emergency steering system system used to steer the machine in the event of a failure of the normal steering power source(s) or engine stoppage BS EN 12643:2014EN 12643:2014 (E) 5 3.2 steering power source 3.2.1 normal steering po
28、wer source means for providing power to effect steering in either power-assisted or fully powered steering systems, for example, hydraulic pump, air compressor, electric generator 3.2.2 emergency steering power source means for providing power to the emergency steering system, for example, hydraulic
29、 pump, air compressor, accumulator, battery 3.2.3 failure of normal steering power source complete and instantaneous loss of a normal steering power source output. It is assumed that not more than one failure will occur at the same time 3.3 steering control element manual control means by which the
30、operator provides muscular power inputs to the steering systems to effect the desired steering of the machine, including the typical steering-wheel or any equivalent manual control means 3.4 steering effort necessary force exerted by the operator on the steering control element in order to steer the
31、 machine 3.5 steering angle total displacement angle between the front wheels and the rear wheels as they move about one or more vertical steering axes from their normal straight-ahead condition to a turned condition Note 1 to entry: The steering angle for multiple axle machines is determined betwee
32、n the wheels at the farthest forward and the farthest rearward axle. Note 2 to entry: Ackermann steering inherently has a greater steering angle on the side of the machine towards the inside of the turn as compared to the wheels on the outside of the turn. Therefore, where Ackermann steering is invo
33、lved, the location of the steering angle measurement also needs to be specified. A steering angle accomplished by a combination of geometries incorporating Ackermann steering is included, and also requires the location of steering angle measurement to be specified. 3.6 tyre circle outer tyre clearan
34、ce diameter determined in accordance with Clause 9 3.7 working circuit pressure that nominal pressure applied to the specific circuit by the pump(s) 4 General requirements The following requirements apply to all steering systems within the scope of this European Standard. 4.1 The normal steering con
35、trol element provided for the operator shall continue in all circumstances to be the steering control means of the operator. BS EN 12643:2014EN 12643:2014 (E) 6 4.2 All steering systems shall be designed and installed on the machine to withstand, without functional damage, anticipated force inputs f
36、rom the operator under panic conditions (see 10.1.1). 4.3 The normal steering system sensitivity, modulation and response shall be adequate to allow the skilled operator to maintain the machine consistently within the intended operating path of each operation for which the machine was designed. This
37、 shall be verified by meeting the requirements of 10.2. 4.3.1 Machines with rear axle steering shall also meet the steering stability requirements of 10.2.2. 4.3.2 Machines that have speeds in excess of 20 km/h in reverse shall have similar steering system forces, rates and duration capability in bo
38、th forward and reverse. This shall be verified by system schematics or calculations. A test in reverse is not required. 4.4 Steering hydraulic circuits shall incorporate the following features: a) Pressure control devices as required to avoid excessive pressures in the hydraulic circuit; b) Hydrauli
39、c hoses, fittings and tubing with test burst pressures at least four times the working circuit pressure control device(s) for normal and emergency steering systems; c) Plumbing arrangement which avoids excessively tight hose bends, torsion in the installed hoses, or scrubbing and chafing of hoses. 4
40、.5 Steering system reliability shall be enhanced by the selection and design of components arranged so that inspection and maintenance can be readily performed. 4.6 Steering system disturbances shall meet the conditions in 4.6.1 and 4.6.2. 4.6.1 Steering system disturbances due to other machine func
41、tions shall be minimised by appropriate arrangement and geometry. Flexure or travel of suspension elements, machine side inclinations or axle oscillations and steering variations due to driving and braking torques at the wheels are amongst the influences which shall be minimised by suitable system a
42、rrangement and geometry. 4.6.2 Steering system disturbances due to the influences of external forces on the machine within the applications for which the machine is designed shall not significantly affect steering control. 4.7 Power-assisted and fully powered steering systems shall meet the conditio
43、ns in 4.7.1 and 4.7.3. 4.7.1 These systems should preferably be separate from other power systems and circuits. Where this is not the case, the power-assisted and fully powered steering systems shall have priority over other systems or circuits except an emergency steering system and emergency stopp
44、ing system which shall be maintained at the level of performance specified in EN ISO 3450:2011. 4.7.2 If other systems (consumers) are provided with power from the normal steering power source, any failure in these systems (consumers) shall be considered the same as a failure in the normal steering
45、power source. 4.7.3 A change in ratio between the steering control element and steered wheels is permissible after failure of the normal steering power source, provided the requirements of 10.3 are met. 4.8 For machines equipped with an emergency steering system, the system should preferably be sepa
46、rate from other power systems and circuits. Where this is not the case, the emergency steering devices and circuits shall have priority over all other systems or circuits except the emergency stopping system, which shall be maintained at the level of performance specified in EN ISO 3450:2011. BS EN
47、12643:2014EN 12643:2014 (E) 7 4.9 The operators manual for machines equipped with an emergency steering system shall include the following information: a) An indication that the machine is equipped with an emergency steering system; b) The emergency steering capability limitations; c) The field test
48、 procedure for verifying that the emergency steering system is functional. 5 Ergonomic requirements The following requirements apply to all steering systems within the scope of this European Standard. 5.1 The machine shall steer in the direction that corresponds to the direction of movement of the s
49、teering control element; i.e. steering-wheel rotation shall be such that clockwise rotation will turn the machine to the right; counterclockwise rotation will turn the machine to the left. 5.2 Steering effort as defined in 3.4 shall be as low as practicable and shall not exceed the values in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2. 5.2.1 Steering effort for normal steering systems shall not exceed 115 N when specified for the steering tests described in Clause 10. 5.2.2 Steering effort for emergency steering systems shall not exceed 350 N for the steering tests described in Clau
