1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58The European Standard EN 14889-1:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.100.30Fibres for c
2、oncrete Part 1: Steel fibres Definitions, specifications and conformityBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14889-1:2006BS EN 14889-1:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49304 0Amendments issued since pub
3、licationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14889-1:2006.The UK participation
4、in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/11, Fibres for concrete.A list of organizations represented on B/517/11 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN S
5、TANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14889-1August 2006ICS 91.100.30English VersionFibres for concrete - Part 1: Steel fibres - Definitions,specifications and conformityFibres pour bton - Partie 1 : Fibres dacier - Dfinitions,spcifications et conformitFasern fr Beton - Teil 1: Stahlfasern - Begri
6、ffe,Festlegungen und KonformittThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 June 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lis
7、ts and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsi
8、bility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, It
9、aly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050
10、Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14889-1:2006: EEN 14889-1:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Symbols 5 5 Requirements.5 5.1 General5 5.2 Di
11、mensions and tolerances6 5.3 Tensile strength of fibres8 5.4 Modulus of elasticity .8 5.5 Ductility of fibres9 5.6 Mixing9 5.7 Effect on consistence of concrete .9 5.8 Effect on strength of concrete9 5.9 Release of dangerous substances.9 6 Evaluation of conformity.9 6.1 General9 6.2 Initial type tes
12、ting . 10 6.3 Factory production control (FPC) . 11 Annex A (normative) Conditions for switching between the control regimes T-N-R 15 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive for Construction Products (89/106/EEC) 17 ZA.1 Scope
13、 and relevant characteristics 17 ZA.2. Procedure(s) for the attestation of conformity of products . 19 ZA.3 CE Marking and labelling 22 Bibliography. 26 EN 14889-1:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14889-1:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”,
14、 the secretariat of which is held by DIN. It has been developed by working group 11, “Fibres for concrete”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This standard comprises two parts: Part 1 dealing with steel fibres for concrete; Part 2 dealing with polymer fibres. This European Standard shall be g
15、iven the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commissi
16、on and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the Construction Products Directive. For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard should be given the status of a national standar
17、d. No existing European Standard is superseded. Not all fibre characteristics that may be relevant to the performance of a fibre concrete, structural or non-structural, such as early age effects, creep and chemical attack, have been addressed in this standard due to the difficulties of formulating m
18、eaningful and reproducible standardised test methods. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany
19、, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14889-1:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This Part 1 of EN 14889 specifies requirements for steel fibres for struc
20、tural or non-structural use in concrete, mortar and grout. NOTE Structural use of fibres is where the addition of fibres is designed to contribute to the load bearing capacity of a concrete element. This standard covers fibres intended for use in all types of concrete and mortar, including sprayed c
21、oncrete, flooring, precast, in-situ and repair concretes. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inc
22、luding any amendments) applies. EN 10002-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature EN 10218-1, Steel wire and wire products - General Part 1: Test methods EN 12350-3, Testing fresh concrete - Part 3: Vebe test prEN 14845-1, Test methods for fibres in concret
23、e Part 1: Reference concretes EN 14845-2, Test methods for fibres in concrete - Part 2: Effect on concrete 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 steel fibres straight or deformed pieces of cold-drawn steel wire, straight or deformed
24、 cut sheet fibres, melt extracted fibres, shaved cold drawn wire fibres and fibres milled from steel blocks which are suitable to be homogeneously mixed into concrete or mortar 3.2 length distance between the outer ends of the fibre 3.2.1 developed length (for deformed fibres with irregular cross se
25、ction) length of the deformed fibres after straightening the fibre without deforming the cross section 3.3 equivalent diameter diameter of a circle with an area equal to the mean cross sectional area of the fibre. For circular fibres, the equivalent diameter is equal to the diameter of the fibres 3.
26、4 aspect ratio ratio of length (l) to equivalent diameter of the fibre EN 14889-1:2006 (E) 5 3.5 fibre shape specific outer configuration of the fibres, both in the longitudinal direction and in the shape of the cross section and also the possible surface coatings and/or bundling of fibres 3.6 tensi
27、le strength of fibre stress corresponding to the maximum force a fibre can resist. The tensile strength is calculated by dividing the maximum force a fibre can resist by the mean cross sectional area of the fibre 3.7 residual flexural strength notional stress at the tip of the notch which is assumed
28、 to act in an uncracked mid-span section, with linear stress distribution, of a prism subjected to the centre-point load Fj corresponding to CMODj where CMODj CMODFL; or to j where j FL (j = 1,2,3,4) 3.8 crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) linear displacement measured by a transducer installed o
29、n a prism subjected to a centre-point load F 3.9 elastic modulus initial slope of the tensile stress versus tensile strain curve 3.10 declared value value for a product property, determined in accordance with this standard, that a manufacturer is confident of achieving within the given tolerances ta
30、king into account the variability of the manufacturing process 4 Symbols Symbols used in this part of this standard are defined as follows: A area of the cross section of the fibre, in mm2; d diameter or equivalent diameter of the fibre, in mm; Rmtensile strength of the fibre, in MPa; l length of th
31、e fibre, in mm; ld developed length of the fibre in mm; m mass of the fibre in g; = l / d and is the aspect ratio of the fibre; density of steel in kg/m. 5 Requirements 5.1 General The steel fibres shall conform to one of the groups or one of the shapes listed below: EN 14889-1:2006 (E) 6 a) group S
32、teel fibres shall be classified into one of the following groups, in accordance with the basic material used for the production of the fibres. Group I : cold-drawn wire Group II : cut sheet Group Ill : melt extracted Group IV : shaved cold drawn wire Group V : milled from blocks b) Shape Fibres shal
33、l be either straight or deformed. The manufacturer shall declare the shape of the fibre. The control and tolerances on the shape shall be specified for each different shape separately, and may be performed using optical equipment. When applicable, the type of bundling shall be declared. When steel f
34、ibres are supplied with a coating (e.g. zinc coating), the type and characteristic quantity in g/m shall be declared. The control of the quantity shall be a function of the type of coating and shall be declared by the manufacturer. 5.2 Dimensions and tolerances 5.2.1 General For fibres of group I an
35、d II, the length, equivalent diameter and aspect ratio shall be declared. The tolerances shall be as given in Table 1. Specimens of fibres, when sampled in accordance with 6.2.2 and measured in accordance with 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 shall not deviate from the declared value by more than the tolerances give
36、n in Table 1. At least 95 % of the individual specimens shall meet the specified tolerances in both cases. For fibres of group III, IV and V, the range of lengths, equivalent diameters and aspect ratios shall be declared. Specimens of fibres, when sampled in accordance with 6.2.2 and measured in acc
37、ordance with 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 shall be within the specified range. At least 90 % of the individual specimen fibres shall meet the specified tolerances in both cases. EN 14889-1:2006 (E) 7 Table 1 Tolerances on fibre length and diameter Property Symbol Deviation of the individual value relative to the
38、 declared value Deviation of the average value relative to the declared value Length and developed length 30 mm 30 mm l, ld (if applicable) 10 % 5 % 1,5 mm (Equivalent) diameter 0,30 mm 0,30 mm d 10 % 5 % 0,015 mm Length/diameter ratio 15 % 7,5 % 5.2.2 Determination of length The length shall be mea
39、sured with a marking gauge (callipers) with an accuracy of 0,1 mm. In the case of an irregular cross section, the developed length of the fibre shall also be determined to calculate the equivalent diameter. If straightening of the fibre is necessary, it shall be done by hand or, if this is not possi
40、ble, by hammering on a level of wood, plastic material or copper using a hammer of similar material. During the straightening the cross section should not be changed. 5.2.3 Determination of (equivalent) diameter 5.2.3.1 Round wire fibres The diameter of the fibre shall be measured with a micrometer,
41、 in two directions, approximately at right angles, to an accuracy of 0,01 mm. The fibre diameter shall be the mean of the two diameters. EN 14889-1:2006 (E) 8 5.2.3.2 Rectangular fibres The width (w) and thickness (t) of the fibres shall be measured with a micrometer with an accuracy of 0,01 mm. The
42、 equivalent diameter (d) is calculated as tw45.2.3.3 Fibres with irregular cross section The mass (m) and the developed length (ld) of the fibre shall be determined. The mass shall be determined to an accuracy of 0,001 g. The equivalent diameter is computed from the mass and the developed length usi
43、ng the following formula: d = 104d6lmnominal density of mild steel may be taken as 7850 kg/m nominal density of stainless steel may be taken as 7950 kg/m 5.3 Tensile strength of fibres The tensile strength (Rm) shall be determined in accordance with EN 10002-1, except as indicated below, and shall b
44、e declared. For Group I (cold drawn wire), the tensile strength shall be determined from the source wire before deformation. The acceptable tolerance on the declared value of Rmshall be 15 % for individual values and 7,5 % for the mean value. At least 95 % of the individual specimens shall meet the
45、specified tolerance. For Group II (cut sheet), the tensile strength shall be determined from the source plate before deformation. The acceptable tolerance on the declared value of Rmshall be 15 % for individual values and 7,5 % for the mean value. At least 95 % of the individual specimens shall meet
46、 the specified tolerance. For Group III (melt extracted fibres), Group IV (shaved cold drawn wire) and Group V (milled from steel blocks) the tensile strength shall be determined from fibres with a minimum length of 20 mm clamped within the jaws of the testing machine. These fibre types have irregul
47、ar cross-section and therefore the fibres will break at the minimum cross-section. The nominal tensile strength shall be determined by dividing the maximum load during the tensile test by the cross-section calculated from the equivalent diameter. The manufacturer may determine the cross-section at t
48、he break by an optical method, in which case the tensile strength obtained by dividing the maximum tensile load during the tensile test by the fracture cross-section, may also be declared, giving the precision of the area measurement. For Groups III, IV and V the manufacturer may instead declare a m
49、inimum tensile strength and at least 90 % of the individual specimens of fibres shall then comply with this value. 5.4 Modulus of elasticity The manufacturer shall declare the modulus of elasticity of the fibres. The modulus of elasticity may be determined for Groups I and II fibres using the tensile test as described in EN 10002-1. The test shall be done on the basic material before deformation of the fibre and the modulus of elasticity shall be calculated using the stress and the de
