1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Torsion bar, steelThe European Standard EN 15049:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 45.06
2、0.01Railway applications Suspension components BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 15049:2007BS EN 15049:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 September 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 54766 9This publication does not purport to include all th
3、e necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentsdocument is to be claimed and from which no deviation is permitted CEN/CEN
4、ELEC Internal Regulations, Part 3: Rules for the Structure and Drafting of European Standards (PNE-Rules). “Informative” Information (not mandatory) intended to assist the understanding or use of the document. Informative annexes shall not contain requirements, except as optional requirements. (For
5、example, a test method that is optional may contain requirements but there is no need to comply with these requirements to claim compliance with the document.)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15049:2007. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Te
6、chnical Committee RAE/3, Railway rolling stock material.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.“Normative” A (mandatory) requirement defined as an expression in the content of a document conveying criteria to be fulfilled if compliance with
7、the EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15049August 2007ICS 45.060.01English VersionRailway applications - Suspension components - Torsion bar,steelApplications ferroviaires - lments de suspension - Barrede torsion, en acierBahnanwendungen - Federungselemente - Drehstabfedernaus StahlT
8、his European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 July 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical reference
9、s concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into it
10、s own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithu
11、ania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN
12、All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15049:2007: EEN 15049:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword5 Introduction .6 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 8 5 Requirements.9 5.1 Int
13、roduction 9 5.2 Documents to be provided by the customer 9 5.3 Documents to be provided by the supplier.10 5.4 Design analysis10 5.5 Arrangement and design 10 5.6 Straight torsion bar ends and connections 12 5.6.1 General12 5.6.2 Design of the straight torsion bar end 12 6 Product definition 13 6.1
14、Geometrical characteristics and space envelope 13 6.2 Mechanical requirements13 6.2.1 Loading and allowable stresses.13 6.2.2 Service life 13 6.2.3 Investigation of the strain .13 6.2.4 Evaluation of the strain .14 6.3 Physical requirements 14 6.3.1 Material grade.14 6.3.2 Internal integrity.14 6.3.
15、3 Inclusion cleanliness.14 6.3.4 Forged torsion bar ends .14 6.3.5 Decarburization15 6.3.6 Surface condition.15 6.3.7 Residual compressive stresses on the surface .15 6.3.8 Grain size16 6.4 Surface protection .16 6.4.1 Generalities 16 6.4.2 Temporary protection16 6.4.3 Permanent protection16 6.5 Cha
16、racteristic moment of torsion / angular displacement17 6.6 Mass 18 7 Mechanical properties for manufacturing.18 7.1 Hardness.18 7.2 Tensile strength .18 7.3 Toughness18 8 Tests and test procedures 19 8.1 General requirements19 8.2 Measuring equipment19 8.3 Tensile strength .19 8.4 Toughness19 8.5 Ha
17、rdness.19 EN 15049:2007 (E) 3 8.6 Material .19 8.7 Depth of decarburization 20 8.8 Grain size20 8.9 Forged torsion bar ends .20 8.10 Residual compressive stresses on the surface .20 8.11 Surface defects20 8.12 Surface condition 20 8.13 Dimensional check 21 8.14 Characteristic moment of torsion / ang
18、ular displacement21 8.15 Mass21 8.16 Internal integrity 21 8.17 Surface protection.21 8.18 Loading and allowable stresses 21 9 Quality assurance and final approval22 9.1 Quality assurance system and staff qualification22 9.2 Product qualification procedures and samples .22 9.3 Control and monitoring
19、 of production quality23 9.3.1 General .23 9.3.2 Quality assurance plan .23 9.3.3 Control by sampling lots 23 9.4 Requirements for control and monitoring of production quality .24 9.4.1 General .24 9.4.2 Non-compliance.26 9.4.3 Documentation 26 9.5 Handling instructions26 10 Marking of torsion bars.
20、26 11 Packaging.27 Annex A (normative) Material for hot formed and quenched and tempered torsion bars 28 A.1 General .28 A.2 Material for torsion bars, steel .28 Annex B (normative) Inspection of torsion bars made of round bars by the magnetic crack detection method.30 B.1 Object30 B.2 Tests .30 B.3
21、 Safety measures 30 Annex C (normative) Checking shot peening efficiency by ALMEN method .31 C.1 Field of application31 C.2 Checking the procedure .31 C.3 Equipment and installations.31 C.3.1 ALMEN A2 test piece.31 C.3.2 Test piece holder .32 C.3.3 ALMEN measuring device 33 Annex D (normative) Exami
22、nation for inclusions34 D.1 Object34 D.2 Test methods .34 D.2.1 Test method according to DIN 50602 34 D.2.2 Test method according to NF A 04-106.35 D.2.3 Test method according to SS 11111635 Annex E (normative) Taking of test pieces - Areas of the location of test pieces .36 Bibliography38 EN 15049:
23、2007 (E) 4 Figures Figure 1 Example for a straight torsion bar with mounted levers 11 Figure 2 Example for a bended torsion bar.11 Figure 3 Cylindrical or conical tooth system 12 Figure 4 Frictional shrink fit12 Figure 5 Example of the distribution of stresses produced by shot peening as a function
24、of depth .16 Figure 6 Torsion bar diagram .17 Figure C.1 ALMEN test arrangements32 Figure C.2 ALMEN measuring sytem .33 Figure E.1 Area “e“ with constant diameter of the torsion bar to take test pieces.36 Figure E.2 Location of the test pieces for the tensile strength test36 Figure E.3 Location of t
25、he test pieces for the notch impact test37 Tables Table 1 Symbols and definitions 8 Table 2 Elements to be defined in the technical specification and agreed by the parties.10 Table 3 Checks and tests to be carried out.24 Table 4 Test pieces for statistical tests, number of tests 25 Table A.1 Guidanc
26、e values for the maximum mechanical properties of quenched and tempered test pieces 29 Table D.1 Degree of cleanliness under the microscope according to DIN 50602 (procedure K), valid for non metallic oxide inclusions .34 Table D.2 Acceptable number of fields (small series and wide series) of each t
27、ype35 Table D.3 Degree of cleanliness by microscopic examination according to SS 111116 (maximum values)35 EN 15049:2007 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 15049:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This document sha
28、ll be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2008 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2008. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards
29、organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portuga
30、l, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 15049:2007 (E) 6 Introduction Work on this European Standard started at the beginning of 2002 with the aim of incorporating the existing documents, such as UIC leaflets (International Union of Railways) and the interna
31、l standards of the various railways as well as national standards into one standard. 1 Scope This European Standard applies to torsion bars made of steel for anti-roll bar systems used on railway vehicles. This European Standard includes straight and bended torsion bars, but does not detail the othe
32、r components of the anti-roll bar systems such as levers, bearings, bushes etc. This European Standard constitutes guidelines on the following topics: design; specification of technical requirements; production requirements; tests; supply conditions. 2 Normative references The following referenced d
33、ocuments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 473, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT pers
34、onnel General principles EN 10002-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature EN 10045-1, Metallic materials Charpy impact test Part 1: Test method EN 10089, Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs Technical delivery conditions EN 10204, Metallic p
35、roducts Types of inspection documents EN 10228-1, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection EN 10247, Micrographic examination of the non-metallic inclusion content of steels using standard pictures EN 13925-2, Non-destructive testing X-ray diffraction from polyc
36、rystalline and amorphous materials Part 2: Procedures EN ISO 643, Steels Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size (ISO 643:2003) EN 15049:2007 (E) 7 EN ISO 1302, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Indication of surface texture in technical product documentation (ISO 1302:2002) EN
37、ISO 2162-3:1996, Technical product documentation Springs Part 3: Vocabulary (ISO 2162-3:1993) EN ISO 3887, Steel Determination of depth of decarburization (ISO 3887:2003) EN ISO 4288, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Rules and procedures for the assessment of
38、surface texture (ISO 4288:1996) EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-1:2005) EN ISO 9934-1, Non-destructive testing Magnetic particle testing Part 1: General principles (ISO 9934-1:2001) EN ISO 14284, Steel an
39、d iron Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition (ISO 14284:1996) EN ISO 18265, Metallic materials Conversion of hardness values (ISO 18265:2003) DIN 50602, Metallographic examination microscopic examination of special steels using standard diagrams to assess
40、the content of non-metallic inclusions NF A04-106, Iron and steel. Methods of determination of content of non metallic inclusions in wrought steel. Part II: micrographic method using standards diagrams SS 111116, Steel Method for estimation of the content of non-metallic inclusions Microscopic metho
41、ds Jernkontorets inclusion chart II for the assessment of non-metallic inclusions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 2162-3:1996 and the following apply. 3.1 anti-roll bar system suspension system having an influence on the rolling be
42、haviour of the vehicle. Generally, it includes the torsion bar and any other components 3.2 anti-roll bar spring bar which is mainly stressed by a torsional moment. It can either be produced as bended bar or a straight torsion bar with levers 3.3 straight torsion bar straight spring bar which is mai
43、nly stressed by a torsional moment NOTE The term “torsion bar made of steel“ refers to the finished end product. For the purpose of simplification, the term “torsion bar“ is used in the wording of this European Standard for anti-roll bars with torsion bars of round cross section and made of steel. 3
44、.4 bended torsion bar mainly U-shaped and manufactured out of round spring material EN 15049:2007 (E) 8 4 Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviations used in this standard are listed in table 1. All parameters are expressed as SI basic units and units derived from SI basic units. Decimal
45、 multiples and submultiples of units defined in Table 1 can be used. Table 1 Symbols and definitions Symbols Units Definitions A % Elongation at rupture d m Outer diameter of the middle part of the torsion bar dam Outer diameter of the torsion bar in the area of bearing dfm Root diameter of the head
46、 profile dpm Diameter of shrink fite m Area to take test pieces F N Applied load at the lever l m Distance between load application and middle of torsion bar Lfm Distance between the two load application points Lam Length between the centre of the two bearings Lsm Length between the centre of the tw
47、o levers lxm Crank depth in the middle part of the torsion bar lzm Distance between load application and centre of the bearing MtNm Torsional moment MtmaxNm Max. torsional moment MtNm Difference of torsional moments r M Bending radius of bended torsion bar EN 15049:2007 (E) 9 Table 1 (concluded) Sym
48、bols Units Definitions RmPa Material strength Rp0,2 Pa Yield strength RtNm/degree Torsional spring rate Z % Percentage reduction of area after fracture - Depth of residual stress DPa Residual stress degree Angle of twist maxdegree Max. angle of twist Adegree Angle of twist at the beginning of stress
49、 degree Difference of angles of twist zulPa Permissible shear stress 5 Requirements 5.1 Introduction The component shall be defined in a technical specification which consists of the following documents (see 5.2 and 5.3). The definition of type of drawing is given in ISO 10209-1. 5.2 Documents to be provided by the customer The customer shall provide a technical specification including: An interface drawing (possibly,
