1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16451:2015Railway applications Braking Brake pad holderBS EN 16451:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16451:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RAE/4/-/1, Railway appl
2、ications - Braking.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Publ
3、ished by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 77844 5 ICS 45.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued si
4、nce publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16451 June 2015 ICS 45.040 English Version Railway applications - Braking - Brake pad holder Applications ferroviaires - Freinage - Porte-garnitures Bahnanwendungen - Bremse - Bremsbelaghalter This Europe
5、an Standard was approved by CEN on 13 May 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concern
6、ing such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into
7、its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Ger
8、many, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE F
9、R NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16451:2015 EBS EN 16451:2015EN 16451:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 No
10、rmative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 7 5 Design and manufacture .7 5.1 Latch mechanism.7 5.2 Interchangeability by applying same main dimensions and geometry .7 5.2.1 General 7 5.2.2 Interchangeability for “conventional” brake unit .8 5.2.3 Interchangeability f
11、or “compact” brake unit 8 5.2.4 Dimensional conformity 8 5.3 Material .8 5.4 Environmental conditions .8 5.4.1 Ambient temperature .8 5.4.2 Other environmental conditions 8 5.5 Loading in the direction of force application 9 5.6 Loading in the direction of the braking moment (tangential force) 9 5.7
12、 Vibrations and shocks . 10 5.7.1 New designs 10 5.7.2 Existing designs . 10 6 Type test methods 10 6.1 Sampling for type test 10 6.2 Test requirements . 11 6.3 Test procedure 11 6.3.1 Interchangeability by applying same main dimensions and geometry 11 6.3.2 Material 11 6.3.3 Salt spray test . 11 6.
13、3.4 Loading in the direction of force application . 12 6.3.5 Loading in the direction of the braking moment (tangential force) . 13 6.3.6 Vibrations and shocks . 14 7 In-service assessment . 17 8 Designation . 17 9 Identification and marking . 17 Annex A (informative) Interchangeability for “convent
14、ional” brake unit . 18 Annex B (informative) Interchangeability for “compact” brake unit . 20 Annex C (informative) Device with mechanical coding 22 Annex D (informative) Geometry of standard brake pads 23 D.1 General . 23 D.2 Space envelope for 1/2 brake pad of 200 cm2“standard form A” . 23 D.3 Spa
15、ce envelope for 1/2 brake pad of 200 cm2“standard form B” . 24 D.4 Space envelope for 1/2 brake pad of 175 cm2“standard form” . 24 BS EN 16451:2015EN 16451:2015 (E) 3 D.5 Interchangeability of dovetail for 1/2 brake pad of 175 cm2and 200 cm225 Annex E (informative) In-service assessment 26 E.1 Gener
16、al . 26 E.2 Test set-up and sampling . 26 E.3 Procedure . 26 E.4 Pass/fail criteria . 26 BS EN 16451:2015EN 16451:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16451:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Stand
17、ard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
18、 this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CE
19、NELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
20、Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16451:2015EN 16451:2015 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard gives the requirements to be met for t
21、he design, dimensioning, testing and quality assessment of brake pad holders. These requirements cannot be written in sufficient detail to ensure good workmanship or proper construction. Each manufacturer is therefore responsible for taking every necessary step to make sure, that the quality of work
22、manship and construction is such as to ensure accordance with good engineering practice. BS EN 16451:2015EN 16451:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope The requirements contained in this European Standard apply to the brake pad holders with which the rail vehicles of main-line railways, regional and suburban railways
23、are fitted. Brake pad holders pursuant to this standard are to be made from ferrous materials e.g. cast iron, cast steel or forged steel. Brake pad holders made of non-ferrous materials are not subject of this standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normati
24、vely referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents EN 1
25、0328, Iron and steel - Determination of the conventional depth of hardening after surface heating EN 14478, Railway applications - Braking - Generic vocabulary EN 22768-1, General tolerances - Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications (ISO 2768-1)
26、EN 50125-1, Railway applications Environmental conditions for equipment Part 1: Rolling stock and on-board equipment EN 60068-2-6, Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) (IEC 60068-2-6) EN 60068-2-47, Environmental testing - Part 2-47: Tests - Mounting of specimens
27、 for vibration, impact and similar dynamic tests (IEC 60068-2-47) EN 60721-3-5:1997, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 5: Ground vehicle installations (IEC 60721-3-5:1997) EN 61373, Railway applica
28、tions Rolling stock equipment Shock and vibration tests (IEC 61373) EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1) EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 6507-1) EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials - Rockwell h
29、ardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 6508-1) EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1) EN ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests (ISO 9227) EN ISO 14284, Steel and iron - Sampling and preparation o
30、f samples for the determination of chemical composition (ISO 14284) EN ISO 148-1, Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 148-1) BS EN 16451:2015EN 16451:2015 (E) 7 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14
31、478 and the following apply. 3.1 compact disc brake unit disc brake unit, generally with reduced envelope and weight with a single interface to the bogie 3.2 operational mounting condition normal and nominal conditions of assembly on a vehicle 3.3 referenced technical drawings drawings used for defi
32、nition of brake pad holder 4 Symbols and abbreviations A% Percentage elongation after fracture (as specified by EN ISO 6892-1) F Force g Gravity acceleration 9,81 m/s2KV Absorbed energy for a V-notch test piece (as specified by EN ISO 148-1) KU Absorbed energy for a U-notch test piece (as specified
33、by EN ISO 148-1) SL1 and SL2 Classes of loading T1 and TX Classes of temperature as specified by EN 501251 VL and VH Classes of vibration 5 Design and manufacture 5.1 Latch mechanism The design of the latch mechanism to retain the brake pads shall satisfy the following principle: there shall be a po
34、sitive retention (generation of strain to obtain unlocking) of the latch when in the closed position; no single point failure of the latch mechanism and its attachment to the pad holder shall result in a loss of brake pads; ease of operation no special tools to open and close the latch mechanism. Pr
35、eferably designed to allow use of simple flat bladed screw driver; during pad renewal the latch mechanism should remain attached to the brake pad holder; renewal of a defective latch mechanism should not require the dismantling of the brake pad holder from the brake unit. 5.2 Interchangeability by a
36、pplying same main dimensions and geometry 5.2.1 General Brake pad holders can be designed based on different concepts. The requirements specially for interchangeability are defined below. BS EN 16451:2015EN 16451:2015 (E) 8 5.2.2 Interchangeability for “conventional” brake unit The requirements for
37、the dimensions for geometric interchangeability for “conventional” brake unit are given in Annex A. These dimensions are compatible with brake pads defined in Annex D. If required a device with mechanical coding should be used. Annex C indicates an example for application. 5.2.3 Interchangeability f
38、or “compact” brake unit The requirements for the dimensions for geometric interchangeability for “compact” brake unit are given in Annex B. These dimensions are compatible with brake pads defined in Annex D. If required a device with mechanical coding should be used. Annex C indicates an example for
39、 application. 5.2.4 Dimensional conformity The dimensional requirements are defined in referenced technical drawings. The conformity assessment of the dimensions of the brake pad holder is verified in accordance with 6.3.1. 5.3 Material As specified in the scope, this standard applies only to the br
40、ake pad holders in “ferrous material” e.g. cast iron or steel, manufactured by a forging or casting process. The material used for the design of the brake pad holder shall conform to the technical requirements defined in this document. The conformity assessment of the brake pad holder material, with
41、 referenced technical drawings, shall be verified in accordance with 6.3.2. 5.4 Environmental conditions 5.4.1 Ambient temperature The brake pad holder shall be able to operate within the temperature classes T1 and TX as specified by EN 50125-1, where the upper limit for TX is +70 C external air tem
42、perature. 5.4.2 Other environmental conditions 5.4.2.1 General The following environmental conditions shall be considered in the design of the brake pad holder. If not specifically required to be tested as part of the type testing requirements in this standard, suitable tests and/or design assessmen
43、ts considering the effect of the following environmental conditions on the brake pad holder shall be used in the development/design proving of the device, prior to type testing. 5.4.2.2 Humidity The following external humidity levels shall be considered: yearly average: 75 % relative humidity; on 30
44、 days in the year continuously: between 75 % and 95 % relative humidity; on the other days occasionally: between 95 % and 100 % relative humidity; maximum absolute humidity: 30 g/m3occurring in tunnels. BS EN 16451:2015EN 16451:2015 (E) 9 5.4.2.3 Rain Rain rate of 6 mm/min shall be taken into accoun
45、t. The effect of rain shall be considered depending on the possible equipment installation together with wind and vehicle movement. 5.4.2.4 Snow, ice and hail Consideration shall be given to the effect of all kinds of snow, ice and hail. The maximum diameter of hailstones shall be taken as 15 mm, la
46、rger diameter can occur exceptionally. The effect of snow, ice and hail shall be considered depending on the equipment installation together with wind and vehicle movement. 5.4.2.5 Solar radiation Equipment design shall allow for direct exposure to solar radiation at the rate of 1 120 W/m2for a maxi
47、mum duration of 8 h. 5.4.2.6 Resistance to pollution The effects of pollution shall be considered in the design of equipment and components. Means may be provided to reduce pollution by the effective use of protection of the device. The severity of pollution can depend upon the location of the equip
48、ment therefore the effects of the kinds of pollution indicated in Table 1 shall be considered as a minimum. Table 1 Pollution Pollution Class to be considered Chemically active substances Class 5C2 of EN 607213-5:1997 Contaminating fluids Class 5F2 (electrical engine) of EN 607213-5:1997 Class 5F3 (
49、thermal engine) of EN 607213-5:1997 Biologically active substances Class 5B2 of EN 607213-5:1997 Dust Class 5S2 of EN 607213-5:1997 Stones and other objects Ballast and other objects of maximum 15 mm diameter Sand Class 5S2 of EN 607213-5:1997 Sea spray Class 5C2 of EN 607213-5:1997 See specific test and requirements in 6.3.3 5.5 Loading in the direction of force application As a consequence of uneven wear of the brake pad and/or the brake disc, load cases can occur in which there is no longer contact over the entire surface of the pad. In
