1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61094-1:2001 IEC 61
2、094-1:2000 The European Standard EN 61094-1:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 17.140.50; 33.160.50 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Measurement microphones Part 1: Specifications for laboratory standard microphonesThis British Standard, having been p
3、repared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 April 2001 BSI 04-2001 ISBN 0 580 36927 7 BS EN 61094-1:2001 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword Thi
4、s British Standard is the official English language version of EN 61094-1:2000. It is identical with IEC 61094-1:2000. It supersedes BS EN 61094-1:1995 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/29, Electroacoustics, which has the responsibil
5、ity to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of
6、 organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. From 1 January 1997, all IEC publications have the number 60000 added to the old number. For instance, IEC 27-1 has been renumbered as IEC 60027-1. For a period of time during the change over from one numbering
7、 system to the other, publications may contain identifiers from both systems. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The Br
8、itish Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not p
9、urport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fron
10、t cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61094-1 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM November 2000 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit
11、 Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2000 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61094-1:2000 E ICS 17.140.
12、50 Supersedes EN 61094-1:1994 English version Measurement microphones Part 1: Specifications for laboratory standard microphones (IEC 61094-1:2000) Microphones de mesure Partie 1: Spcifications des microphones talons de laboratoire (CEI 61094-1:2000) Messmikrofone Teil 1: Anforderungen an Laboratori
13、ums- Normalmikrofone (IEC 61094-1:2000) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2000-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteratio
14、n. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by transl
15、ation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
16、Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Foreword The text of document 29/452/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61094-1, prepared by IEC TC 29, Electroacoustics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CE
17、NELEC as EN 61094-1 on 2000-09-01. This European Standard supersedes EN 61094-1:1994. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2001-06-01 latest date by which the natio
18、nal standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2003-09-01 _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61094-1:2000 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ Page2 EN610941:2000 BSI 04-2001 CONTENTS Page Clause 1 Scope 4 2 Normati
19、ve references. 4 3 Terms and definitions 4 4 Reference environmental conditions 7 5 Classification of laboratory standard microphone . 7 5.1 General 7 5.2 Type designation 8 6 Characteristics of laboratory standard microphones. 8 6.1 Sensitivity. 8 6.2 Acoustic impedance 8 6.2.1 General. 8 6.2.2 Equ
20、ivalent volume of a microphone. 8 6.3 Upper limit of the dynamic range of a microphone. 9 6.4 Static pressure dependence of microphone sensitivity 9 6.5 Temperature dependence of microphone sensitivity 9 6.6 Humidity dependence of microphone sensitivity 9 6.7 Electrical insulation resistance.10 6.8
21、Stability of microphone sensitivity10 6.9 Pressure-equalizing leakage10 7 Specifications .10 7.1 Mechanical dimensions10 7.2 Ground shield reference configuration .12 7.3 Electroacoustical specifications .13 7.4 Identification markings.14 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international pu
22、blications with their corresponding European publications 15 Page3 EN610941:2000 BSI 04-2001 MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES Part 1: Specifications for laboratory standard microphones 1 Scope This part of IEC 61094 specifies mechanical dimensions and certain electroacoustic characteristics for condenser mic
23、rophones used as laboratory standards for the realization of the unit of sound pressure and for sound pressure measurements of the highest attainable accuracy. The specifications are intended to ensure that primary calibration by the reciprocity method can be readily carried out. This part also esta
24、blishes a system for classifying laboratory standard condenser micro- phones into a number of types according to their dimensions and properties in order to facilitate the specification of calibration methods, the conducting of inter-laboratory comparisons involving the calibration of the same micro
25、phones in different laboratories, and the interchangeability of microphones in a given calibration system. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IEC 61094. For dated references, subsequ
26、ent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However parties to agreements based on this part of IEC 61094 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest
27、edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 60050(801):1994, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 801: Acoustics and electroacoustics ASME B1.1:1989, Unified inch screw threads (UN
28、 and UNR thread form) 1 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of IEC 61094, the following definitions apply. Remark The underlined symbols are complex quantities. 3.1 condenser microphones microphone that operates by variation of electrical capacitance IEV 801-26-13. NOTE Only conden
29、ser microphones operating by a virtually constant charge obtained from an external polarizing voltage applied from a source of suitably high internal resistance are considered. 1 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Reference is given to ASME B1.1 in the absence of an equivalent international
30、standard. Page4 EN610941:2000 BSI 04-2001 3.2 laboratory standard microphone condenser microphone capable of being calibrated to a very high accuracy by a primary method such as the closed coupler reciprocity method, and meeting certain severe requirements on mechanical dimensions and electroacousti
31、cal characteristics, especially with respect to stability in time and dependence on environmental conditions 3.3 open-circuit voltage alternating voltage appearing at the electrical output terminals of a microphone as measured by the insert voltage technique when the microphone is attached to the gr
32、ound shield configuration specified in 7.2 but is otherwise unloaded Unit: volt, V NOTE Owing to the capacitive nature of the microphone, the voltage at the electrical terminals depends on the electrical load presented by the mechanical and electrical attachment of the microphone to a preamplifier.
33、For this reason, preamplifiers used for measuring the open-circuit voltage of a microphone should fulfill the requirements of 7.2. 3.4 pressure sensitivity of a microphone for a sinusoidal signal of given frequency and for given environmental conditions, the quotient of the open-circuit voltage of t
34、he microphone by the sound pressure acting over the exposed surface of the diaphragm (i.e. at the acoustical terminals of the microphone), the sound pressure being uniformly applied over the surface of the diaphragm. This quotient is a complex quantity, but when phase information is of no interest t
35、he pressure sensitivity may denote its modulus only Unit: volt per pascal, V/Pa 3.5 pressure sensitivity level of a microphone logarithm of the ratio of the modulus of the pressure sensitivity |M p | to a reference sensitivity. The pressure sensitivity level in decibels is 20 lg (|M p | / M r ), whe
36、re the reference sensitivity M r is 1 V/Pa Unit: decibel, dB 3.6 free-field sensitivity of a microphone for a sinusoidal plane progressive sound wave of given frequency, for a specified direction of incidence, and for given environmental conditions, the quotient of the open-circuit voltage of the mi
37、crophone by the sound pressure that would exist at the position of the acoustic centre of the microphone in the absence of the microphone. This quotient is a complex quantity, but when phase information is of no interest, the free-field sensitivity may denote its modulus only Unit: volt per pascal,
38、V/Pa NOTE 1 At frequencies sufficiently low for the disturbance of the sound field by the microphone to be negligible, the free-field sensitivity approaches the pressure sensitivity (see 6.9 for practical limitations). NOTE 2 The position of the acoustic centre is a function of frequency. 3.7 free-f
39、ield sensitivity level of a microphone logarithm of the ratio of the modulus of the free-field sensitivity |M f | to a reference sensitivity. The free-field sensitivity level in decibels is 20 lg (|M f | / M r ), where the reference sensitivity M r is 1 V/Pa Unit: decibel, dB Page5 EN610941:2000 BSI
40、 04-2001 3.8 diffuse-field sensitivity of a microphone for a sinusoidal signal of given frequency in a diffuse sound field and for given environmental conditions, the quotient of the open-circuit voltage of the microphone by the sound pressure that would exist at the position of the acoustic centre
41、of the microphone in the absence of the microphone Unit: volt per pascal, V/Pa NOTE 1 At frequencies sufficiently low for the disturbance of the sound field by the microphone to be negligible, the diffuse-field sensitivity approaches the pressure sensitivity (see 6.9 for practical limitations). NOTE
42、 2 The position of the acoustic centre is a function of frequency. 3.9 diffuse-field sensitivity level of a microphone logarithm of the ratio of the modulus of the diffuse-field sensitivity |M d | to a reference sensitivity. The diffuse-field sensitivity level in decibels is 20 lg (|M d | / M r ), w
43、here the reference sensitivity M ris 1 V/Pa Unit: decibel, dB 3.10 electrical impedance of a microphone for a sinusoidal signal of given frequency, the complex quotient of the voltage applied across the electrical terminals of the microphone by the resulting current through those terminals. The micr
44、ophone shall be connected to the ground-shield configuration specified in 7.2 Unit: ohm, NOTE This impedance is a function of the acoustical load on the diaphragm. 3.11 acoustic impedance of a microphone for a sinusoidal signal of given frequency, the complex quotient of the sound pressure by the vo
45、lume velocity at the diaphragm, the sound pressure being uniformly distributed over the surface of the diaphragm and the electrical terminals being loaded with an infinite impedance Unit: pascal second per cubic metre, Pa s/m 3.12 static pressure coefficient of microphone pressure sensitivity level
46、for a given frequency, the quotient of the incremental change of pressure sensitivity level by the incremental change in static pressure producing the change in sensitivity Unit: decibel per pascal, dB/Pa NOTE The static pressure coefficient is a function of frequency as well as static pressure. 3.1
47、3 temperature coefficient of microphone pressure sensitivity level for a given frequency, the quotient of the incremental change of pressure sensitivity level by the incremental change in temperature producing the change in sensitivity Unit: decibel per kelvin, dB/K NOTE The temperature coefficient
48、is a function of frequency as well as temperature. Page6 EN610941:2000 BSI 04-2001 3.14 relative humidity coefficient of microphone pressure sensitivity level for the reference temperature and static pressure, quotient of the incremental change of pressure sensitivity level by the incremental change
49、 in relative humidity producing the change in sensitivity Unit: decibel per percent relative humidity, dB/% 3.15 stability coefficient of microphone pressure sensitivity level change in pressure sensitivity level over a stated period, when the microphone is stored under typical laboratory conditions. The stability is represented by two quantities: a) the long-term stability coefficient (systematic drift) is expressed by the slope of the regression line obtained from a least-squares fit to the sensitivity leve
