1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationMetallic powders Determination of flowrate bymeans of a calibrated funnel(Gustavsson flowmeter)BS EN ISO 13517:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation
2、 of EN ISO 13517:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeISE/65, Sintered metal components.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisio
3、ns of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 70955 5ICS 77.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under t
4、he authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2013.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 13517:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 13517 May 2013 ICS 77.160 English Version Metallic powders - Determinat
5、ion of flowrate by means of a calibrated funnel (Gustavsson flowmeter) (ISO 13517:2013) Poudres mtalliques - Dtermination du temps dcoulement au moyen dun entonnoir calibr (cne dcoulement de Gustavsson) (ISO 13517:2013) Metallpulver - Ermittlung der Durchflussrate mit Hilfe eines kalibrierten Tricht
6、ers (Gustavsson flowmeter) (ISO 13517:2013) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 March 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
7、 Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by tr
8、anslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Fin
9、land, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZAT
10、ION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13517:2013: EBS EN ISO 13517:2013EN ISO 13517:2013 (E)
11、2 Contents Page Foreword 3 BS EN ISO 13517:2013EN ISO 13517:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 13517:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 “Powder metallurgy“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical te
12、xt or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held respo
13、nsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finla
14、nd, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of IS
15、O 13517:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13517:2013 without any modification. BS EN ISO 13517:2013ISO 13517:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents Page1 Scope . 12 Principle 13 Apparatus . 14 Calibration of the funnel. 24.1 Calibration by the manufacturer of the funnel 24.2 Calibrat
16、ion by the user of the funnel 35 Sampling 36 Procedure. 37 Expression of results 48 Precision . 49 Test report . 5Bibliography 6BS EN ISO 13517:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13517:2013(E)Metallic powders Determination of flowrate by means of a calibrated funnel (Gustavsson flowmeter)1 ScopeThis Int
17、ernational Standard specifies a method for determining the flow rate of metallic powders, including powders for hardmetals and mixes of metallic powders and organic additives such as lubricants, by means of a calibrated funnel (Gustavsson flowmeter).The method is applicable only to powders which flo
18、w freely through the specified test orifice.2 PrincipleMeasurement of the time required for 50 g of a metallic powder to flow through the orifice of a calibrated funnel of standardized dimensions.3 Apparatus3.1 Calibrated funnel, with the dimensions shown in Figure 1 (see Clause 4). The dimensions s
19、hown for the flowmeter funnel, including the orifice, are not to be considered controlling factors. Calibration with emery, as specified in Clause 4, determines the working flow rate of the funnel.The funnel shall be made of a non-magnetic, corrosion-resistant metallic material with sufficient wall
20、thickness and hardness to withstand distortion and excessive wear.1)3.2 Stand and horizontal vibration-free base, to support the funnel rigidly, e.g. as indicated in Figure 21).3.3 Balance, of sufficient capacity, capable of weighing the test portion to an accuracy of 0,05 g.3.4 Stopwatch, capable o
21、f measuring the elapsed time to an accuracy of 0,1 s.3.5 Chinese emery grit, a reference powder used for calibration of the funnel.1)1) Apparatus complying with 3.1 and 3.2, and standard Chinese emery grit can be purchased from ACuPowder International, LLC, 901 Lehigh Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA. T
22、his information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the company named above. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 13517:2013ISO 13517
23、:2013(E)Dimensions in millimetresFigure 1 Calibrated funnel (Gustavsson flowmeter)Figure 2 Arrangement of calibrated funnel and stand4 Calibration of the funnel4.1 Calibration by the manufacturer of the funnelThe manufacturer shall supply the flowmeter calibrated as follows:a) Dry the Chinese emery
24、grit (3.5) in an open and clean glass jar at 110 C for 60 min in air;2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13517:2013ISO 13517:2013(E)b) Cool the emery to room temperature in a desiccator;c) Weigh out 50 g of the emery grit;d) Follow the procedure outlined in Clause 6;e) Repeat the procedure with
25、the same 50 g mass of emery, until there are five determinations within 0,4 s;f) The average of these five determinations is stamped on the bottom of the funnel and shall be within 40,0 0,5 s.The Chinese emery is sensitive to humidity and the instructions should therefore be followed carefully.4.2 C
26、alibration by the user of the funnelThe flow rate of the reference sample shall be determined by the above method. If the flow rate has changed to be outside 40,0 0,5 s, a correction factor must be used when measuring different powders. This correction factor is obtained by dividing 40,0 by this new
27、 value for the Chinese emery grit.It is recommended that the users periodically verify whether a correction is needed or not.It is recommended that, before a correction factor is adopted, the cause of the change be investigated. If the flow rate has decreased, it is probable that repeated use has bu
28、rnished the orifice and a (new) correction factor is justified. An increase in flow rate may indicate a coating of soft powder on the orifice. This coating should be carefully removed and the calibration test repeated.It is recommended that the use of a funnel be discontinued after the duration of f
29、low of the reference sample has decreased to less than 37 s.5 Sampling5.1 The mass of the test sample shall be at least 200 g.5.2 In general, the powder shall be tested in the as-received condition. In certain cases, and after agreement between the supplier and user, the powder may be dried. However
30、, if the powder is susceptible to oxidation, the drying shall take place in a vacuum or in inert gas. If the powder contains volatile substances, it shall not be dried.5.3 Immediately before the test, weigh out a 50 0,1 g test portion.5.4 Alternatively, a test portion of 90 to 110 g can be sampled a
31、nd weighed to a precision of 0,1 g or better.5.5 The determination shall be carried out on three test portions.NOTE The intention of the alternative execution according to 5.4 is to facilitate full automation of measurement of flow and apparent density of powders.6 ProcedureTransfer the test portion
32、 to the funnel, keeping the discharge orifice closed by a dry finger. Take care that the stem of the funnel is filled with powder. Start the stopwatch (3.4) when the orifice is opened and stop it at the instant when the last of the powder leaves the orifice. Record the elapsed time measured to the n
33、earest 0,1 s. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 13517:2013ISO 13517:2013(E)Alternatively, the orifice can be kept open, when the test portion is transferred to the funnel with the rest of the procedure being the same.NOTE If the powder does not begin to flow when the orifice is opened, one sli
34、ght tap on the funnel to start the flow is permitted. If this has no effect, or if the flow stops during the test, the powder is considered to possess no flowability according to the test method described in this International Standard.7 Expression of resultsCalculate the arithmetic mean of the resu
35、lts of the three determinations and report the value in seconds per 50 g, rounded to the nearest second.If the alternative size of the test portion according to 5.4 is applied, the result of each determination shall, before the calculation of the arithmetic mean of the results, be divided by the mas
36、s of the sample and then be multiplied by 50 g. The result is thus recalculated in seconds per 50 g.If a correction factor (see 4.2) should be used, the average shall be multiplied by this correction factor.8 PrecisionTwo plain iron powders and four iron or bronze powder mixes were included in the i
37、nter-laboratory study to develop this precision statement. Compositions of the mixes are presented in Table 1.Table 1 Mix compositions of powder included in the inter-laboratory studyDesignation Mix compositionPlain iron powder 1 Plain atomized iron powderPlain iron powder 2 Plain sponge iron powder
38、Iron powder mix 1 Atomized iron powder + 0,8 % Graphite + 0,8 % Amide waxBronze powder mix Bronze powder + 0,375 % Stearic acid + 0,375 % Zinc stearateIron powder mix 2 Atomized iron powder + 2 % Ni powder + 0,8 % Graphite + 0,8 % Amide waxIron powder mix 3 Atomized iron powder + 0,8 % Graphite + 0,
39、8 % Zinc stearateIn Table 2 the repeatability and reproducibility are presented as one standard deviation.Table 2 Repeatability and reproducibility as standard deviationsTested powderLevel (average flow time)Repeatability standard deviation srReproducibility standard deviation sRPlain iron powder 1
40、25 s 0,3 s 0,6 sPlain iron powder 2 32 s 0,5 s 0,7 sIron powder mix 1 48 s 1,1 s 2,2 sBronze powder mix 45 s 2,6 s 3,2 sIron powder mix 2 56 s 1,0 s 2,0 sIron powder mix 3 60 s 0,8 s 4,7 sThe difference between two test results found on identical test material by one operator using the same apparatu
41、s within the shortest feasible time interval will exceed the repeatability limit (r), see Table 3, on average not more than once in 20 cases in the normal and correct operation of the method.Test results on identical test material reported by two laboratories will differ by more than the reproducibi
42、lity limit (R), see Table 3, on average not more than once in 20 cases in the normal and correct operation of the method.4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13517:2013ISO 13517:2013(E)Table 3 Repeatability and reproducibility, difference between two tests at 95 % probability levelTested powderLe
43、vel (average flow time)Repeatability limit rReproducibility limit RPlain iron powder 1 25 s 0,9 s 1,8 sPlain iron powder 2 32 s 1,3 s 2,0 sIron powder mix 1 48 s 3,0 s 6,2 sBronze powder mix 45 s 7,3 s 9,0 sIron powder mix 2 56 s 2,7 s 5,7 sIron powder mix 3 60 s 2,2 s 13,1 sThe accuracy data were d
44、etermined from an experiment organized and analysed in accordance with ISO 5725-2 in 2011 involving 17 laboratories and 6 levels. Data from none of the laboratories contained outliers.9 Test reportThe test report shall include the following information:a) a reference to this International Standard,
45、i.e. ISO 13517:2013;b) all details for identification of the test sample;c) the result obtained;d) the use of an open orifice;e) all operations not specified by this International Standard, or regarded as optional (e.g. the drying procedure applied and whether flow has been induced by tapping the fu
46、nnel);f) details of any occurrence which may have affected the result. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5BS EN ISO 13517:2013ISO 13517:2013(E)Bibliography1 ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and rep
47、roducibility of a standard measurement method6 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13517:2013This page deliberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services. It presents the UK view
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