1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58coordinatesThe European Standard EN ISO 19111:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 07.040;
2、35.240.70Geographic information Spatial referencing by BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 19111:2007BS EN ISO 19111:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 56058 3Amendments issued since publicationAmd
3、. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19111:2007. It supersedes BS EN ISO 19111:2005 which is withdrawn.
4、 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN STAND
5、ARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 19111July 2007ICS 35.240.70 Supersedes EN ISO 19111:2005 English VersionGeographic information - Spatial referencing by coordinates(ISO 19111:2007)Information gographique - Systme de rfrencesspatiales par coordonnes (ISO 19111:2007)Geoinformation - Raumbezug d
6、urch Koordinaten (ISO19111:2007)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date li
7、sts and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the respo
8、nsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icela
9、nd, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stass
10、art, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 19111:2007: E2 Foreword This document (EN ISO 19111:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information/Geomatics“ in coll
11、aboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information“, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008, and conflicting natio
12、nal standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2008. This document supersedes EN ISO 19111:2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cy
13、prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 1911
14、1:2007 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19111:2007 without any modifications. EN ISO 19111:2007Reference numberISO 19111:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO19111Second edition2007-07-01Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates Information gographique Systme de rfrences spatiales par
15、coordonnes EN ISO 19111:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance requirements. 1 3 Normative references . 1 4 Terms and definitions. 2 5 Conventions 7 5.1 Symbols . 7 5.2 Abbreviated terms 7 5.3 UML notation. 8 5.4 Attribute status . 9 6 Spatial referencing by coo
16、rdinates Overview . 9 6.1 Relationship between coordinates and coordinate reference system 9 6.2 UML model for spatial referencing by coordinates Overview . 11 7 Identified Object package 12 7.1 General. 12 7.2 UML schema for the Identified Object package. 12 8 Coordinate Reference System package .
17、15 8.1 Reference system . 15 8.2 Coordinate reference system 15 8.3 UML schema for the Coordinate Reference System package . 17 9 Coordinate System package 23 9.1 Introduction . 23 9.2 Coordinate system 23 9.3 Coordinate system axis . 24 9.4 UML schema for the Coordinate System package 25 10 Datum p
18、ackage . 34 10.1 Types of datums . 34 10.2 Geodetic datum. 34 10.3 UML schema for the Datum package34 11 Coordinate Operation package . 41 11.1 General characteristics of coordinate operations. 41 11.2 UML schema for the Coordinate Operation package 41 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 51 Anne
19、x B (informative) Context for modelling of spatial referencing by coordinates . 53 Annex C (informative) Spatial referencing by coordinates Geodetic concepts 62 Annex D (informative) Examples 65 Annex E (informative) Recommended best practice for interfacing to ISO 19111 77 Bibliography . 78 EN ISO
20、19111:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject
21、for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) o
22、n all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees
23、are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held
24、 responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19111 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics, in close collaboration with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 19111:2003), which
25、 has been technically revised. EN ISO 19111:2007vIntroduction Geographic information contains spatial references which relate the features represented in the data to positions in the real world. Spatial references fall into two categories: those using coordinates; those based on geographic identifie
26、rs. Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers is defined in ISO 19112 4. This International Standard describes the data elements, relationships and associated metadata required for spatial referencing by coordinates. It describes the elements that are necessary to fully define various types of c
27、oordinate systems and coordinate reference systems applicable to geographic information. The subset of elements required is partially dependent upon the type of coordinates. This International Standard also includes optional fields to allow for the inclusion of non-essential coordinate reference sys
28、tem information. The elements are intended to be both machine and human readable. The traditional separation of horizontal and vertical position has resulted in coordinate reference systems that are horizontal (2D) and vertical (1D) in nature, as opposed to truly three-dimensional. It is established
29、 practice to define a three-dimensional position by combining the horizontal coordinates of a point with a height or depth from a different coordinate reference system. In this International Standard, this concept is defined as a compound coordinate reference system. The concept of coordinates can b
30、e expanded from a strictly spatial context to include time. ISO 19108 describes temporal schema. Time can be added as a temporal coordinate reference system within a compound coordinate reference system. It is even possible to add two time-coordinates, provided the two coordinates describe different
31、 independent quantities. EXAMPLE An example is the time/space position of a subsurface point of which the vertical coordinate is expressed as the two-way travel time of a sound signal in milliseconds, as is common in seismic imaging. A second time-coordinate indicates the time of observation, usuall
32、y expressed in whole years. Certain scientific communities use three-dimensional systems where horizontal position is combined with a non-spatial parameter. In these communities, the parameter is considered to be a third, vertical axis. The parameter, although varying monotonically with elevation or
33、 depth, does not necessarily vary in a simple manner; thus, conversion from the parameter to height or depth is non-trivial. The parameters concerned are normally absolute measurements and the datum is taken with reference to a direct physical measurement of the parameter. These non-spatial paramete
34、rs are beyond the scope of this International Standard. However, the modelling constructs described within this International Standard can be applied through a profile specific to a community. In addition to describing a coordinate reference system, this International Standard provides for the descr
35、iption of a coordinate transformation or a coordinate conversion between two different coordinate reference systems. With such information, spatial data referred to different coordinate reference systems can be related to one specified coordinate reference system. This facilitates spatial data integ
36、ration. Alternatively, an audit trail of coordinate reference system manipulations can be maintained. EN ISO 19111:2007blank1Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates 1 Scope This International Standard defines the conceptual schema for the description of spatial referencing by coord
37、inates, optionally extended to spatio-temporal referencing. It describes the minimum data required to define one-, two- and three-dimensional spatial coordinate reference systems with an extension to merged spatial-temporal reference systems. It allows additional descriptive information to be provid
38、ed. It also describes the information required to change coordinates from one coordinate reference system to another. In this International Standard, a coordinate reference system does not change with time. For coordinate reference systems defined on moving platforms such as cars, ships, aircraft an
39、d spacecraft, the transformation to an Earth-fixed coordinate reference system can include a time element. This International Standard is applicable to producers and users of geographic information. Although it is applicable to digital geographic data, its principles can be extended to many other fo
40、rms of geographic data such as maps, charts and text documents. The schema described can be applied to the combination of horizontal position with a third non-spatial parameter which varies monotonically with height or depth. This extension to non-spatial data is beyond the scope of this Internation
41、al Standard but can be implemented through profiles. 2 Conformance requirements This International Standard defines two classes of conformance, Class A for conformance of coordinate reference systems and Class B for coordinate operations between two coordinate reference systems. Any coordinate refer
42、ence system claiming conformance to this International Standard shall satisfy the requirements given in A.1. Any coordinate operation claiming conformance to this International Standard shall satisfy the requirements given in A.2. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispe
43、nsable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 19103, Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19108, Geographic informati
44、on Temporal schema ISO 19115, Geographic information Metadata Normative reference to ISO 19115 is restricted as follows. In this International Standard, normative reference to ISO 19115 excludes the MD_CRS class and its component classes. ISO 19115 class MD_CRS and its component classes specify desc
45、riptions of coordinate reference systems elements. These elements are modelled in this International Standard. NOTE The MD_CRS class and its component classes were deleted from ISO 19115:2003 through Technical Corrigendum 1:2006. EN ISO 19111:20072 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this do
46、cument, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 affine coordinate system coordinate system in Euclidean space with straight axes that are not necessarily mutually perpendicular 4.2 Cartesian coordinate system coordinate system which gives the position of points relative to n mutually perpendi
47、cular axes NOTE n is 2 or 3 for the purposes of this International Standard. 4.3 compound coordinate reference system coordinate reference system using at least two independent coordinate reference systems NOTE Coordinate reference systems are independent of each other if coordinate values in one ca
48、nnot be converted or transformed into coordinate values in the other. 4.4 concatenated operation coordinate operation consisting of sequential application of multiple coordinate operations 4.5 coordinate one of a sequence of n numbers designating the position of a point in n-dimensional space NOTE I
49、n a coordinate reference system, the coordinate numbers are qualified by units. 4.6 coordinate conversion coordinate operation in which both coordinate reference systems are based on the same datum EXAMPLE Conversion from an ellipsoidal coordinate reference system based on the WGS 84 datum to a Cartesian coordinate reference system also based on the WGS 84 datum, or change of units such as from radians to degrees or feet to meters. NOTE A coordinate conversion uses parameters which have specified values that
