1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58and functionsThe European Standard EN ISO 19123:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 35.240
2、.70Geographic information Schema for coverage geometry BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 19123:2007Incorporating amendment no. 1 (renumbers BS ISO 19123:2005 as BS EN ISO 19123:2007)BS EN ISO 19123:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on
3、26 October 2005 BSI 2007ISBN 0 580 46706 6Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments17108 31 May 2007 Renumbers BS ISO 19123:2005 as BS EN ISO 19123:2007Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was publishe
4、d by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19123:2007. It is identical with ISO 19123:2005.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretar
5、y.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 19123March 2007ICS 35.240.70English VersionGeographic information - Schema for coverage geometry andfunc
6、tions (ISO 19123:2005)Information gographique - Schma de la gomtrie et desfonctions de couverture (ISO 19123:2005)Geoinformation - Coverage Geometrie- undFunktionsschema (ISO 19123:2005)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 February 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELE
7、C Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN
8、 member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN memb
9、ers are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Sw
10、itzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. E
11、N ISO 19123:2007: EForeword The text of ISO 19123:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information/Geomatics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 19123:2007 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Informa
12、tion“, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 200
13、7. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ital
14、y, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 19123:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19123:2007 without any modifications. EN ISO 19123:2007Referenc
15、e numberISO 19123:2005(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO19123First edition2005-08-15Geographic information Schema for coverage geometry and functions Information gographique Schma de la gomtrie et des fonctions de couverture EN ISO 19123:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2
16、 Conformance. 1 3 Normative references . 2 4 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and notation . 2 4.1 Terms and definitions. 2 4.2 Abbreviated terms 7 4.3 Notation . 7 5 Fundamental characteristics of coverages 8 5.1 The context for coverages . 8 5.2 The coverage schema 9 5.3 CV_Coverage. 10 5.4 C
17、V_DomainObject. 13 5.5 CV_AttributeValues 13 5.6 CV_CommonPointRule. 14 5.7 CV_DiscreteCoverage 14 5.8 CV_GeometryValuePair 15 5.9 CV_ContinuousCoverage 16 5.10 CV_ValueObject 17 5.11 CV_InterpolationMethod 18 5.12 Subclasses of CV_ContinuousCoverage . 18 6 Discrete coverages . 18 6.1 Discrete cover
18、age types 18 6.2 CV_DiscretePointCoverage . 19 6.3 CV_PointValuePair 20 6.4 CV_DiscreteGridPointCoverage 20 6.5 CV_GridPointValuePair 21 6.6 CV_DiscreteCurveCoverage 21 6.7 CV_CurveValuePair 22 6.8 CV_DiscreteSurfaceCoverage . 22 6.9 CV_SurfaceValuePair . 24 6.10 CV_DiscreteSolidCoverage . 24 6.11 C
19、V_SolidValuePair 24 7 Thiessen polygon coverage 25 7.1 Thiessen polygon networks 25 7.2 CV_ThiessenPolygonCoverage. 25 7.3 CV_ThiessenValuePolygon . 27 8 Quadrilateral grid coverages . 27 8.1 General. 27 8.2 Quadrilateral grid geometry. 27 8.3 CV_Grid 30 8.4 CV_GridEnvelope 31 8.5 CV_GridPoint. 31 8
20、.6 CV_GridCoordinate. 32 8.7 CV_GridCell . 32 8.8 CV_Footprint . 33 8.9 CV_RectifiedGrid 33 EN ISO 19123:2007iv 8.10 CV_ReferenceableGrid . 34 8.11 CV_ContinousQuadrilateralGridCoverage . 35 8.12 CV_GridValueCell 36 8.13 CV_GridPointValuePair 36 8.14 CV_GridValuesMatrix 37 8.15 CV_SequenceRule 38 8.
21、16 CV_SequenceType 38 9 Hexagonal Grid Coverages 39 9.1 General . 39 9.2 CV_HexagonalGridCoverage . 39 9.3 CV_GridValuesMatrix 41 9.4 CV_ValueHexagon 41 10 Triangulated irregular network (TIN) coverages 41 10.1 General . 41 10.2 CV_TINCoverage . 43 10.3 CV_ValueTriangle 43 11 Segmented curve coverag
22、es . 44 11.1 General . 44 11.2 CV_SegmentedCurveCoverage . 45 11.3 CV_ValueCurve . 45 11.4 CV_ValueSegment 46 11.5 Evaluation 46 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 47 Annex B (informative) UML Notation 51 Annex C (informative) Interpolation methods 56 Annex D (informative) Sequential enumeratio
23、n. 60 Bibliography . 65 EN ISO 19123:2007vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member
24、body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electr
25、otechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
26、 by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
27、rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19123 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. EN ISO 19123:2007vi Introduction Geographic phenomena fall into two broad categories discrete and continuous. Discrete
28、phenomena are recognizable objects that have relatively well-defined boundaries or spatial extent. Examples include buildings, streams and measurement stations. Continuous phenomena vary over space and have no specific extent. Examples include temperature, soil composition and elevation. A value or
29、description of a continuous phenomenon is only meaningful at a particular position in space (and possibly time). Temperature, for example, takes on specific values only at defined locations, whether measured or interpolated from other locations. These concepts are not mutually exclusive. In fact, ma
30、ny components of the landscape may be viewed alternatively as discrete or continuous. For example, a stream is a discrete entity, but its flow rate and water quality index vary from one position to another. Similarly, a highway can be thought of as a feature or as a collection of observations measur
31、ing accidents or traffic flow, and an agricultural field is both a spatial object and a set of measurements of crop yield through time. Historically, geographic information has been treated in terms of two fundamental types called vector data and raster data. “Vector data” deals with discrete phenom
32、ena, each of which is conceived of as a feature. The spatial characteristics of a discrete real-world phenomenon are represented by a set of one or more geometric primitives (points, curves, surfaces or solids). Other characteristics of the phenomenon are recorded as feature attributes. Usually, a s
33、ingle feature is associated with a single set of attribute values. ISO 19107:2003 provides a schema for describing features in terms of geometric and topological primitives. “Raster data”, on the other hand, deals with real-world phenomena that vary continuously over space. It contains a set of valu
34、es, each associated with one of the elements in a regular array of points or cells. It is usually associated with a method for interpolating values at spatial positions between the points or within the cells. Since this data structure is not the only one that can be used to represent phenomena that
35、vary continuously over space, this International Standard uses the term “coverage,” adopted from the Abstract Specification of the Open GIS Consortium 1, to refer to any data representation that assigns values directly to spatial position. A coverage is a function from a spatial, temporal or spatiot
36、emporal domain to an attribute range. A coverage associates a position within its domain to a record of values of defined data types. In this International Standard, coverage is a subtype of feature. A coverage is a feature that has multiple values for each attribute type, where each direct position
37、 within the geometric representation of the feature has a single value for each attribute type. Just as the concepts of discrete and continuous phenomena are not mutually exclusive, their representations as discrete features or coverages are not mutually exclusive. The same phenomenon may be represe
38、nted as either a discrete feature or a coverage. A city may be viewed as a discrete feature that returns a single value for each attribute, such as its name, area and total population. The city feature may also be represented as a coverage that returns values such as population density, land value o
39、r air quality index for each position in the city. A coverage, moreover, can be derived from a collection of discrete features with common attributes, the values of the coverage at each position being the values of the attributes of the feature located at that position. Conversely, a collection of d
40、iscrete features can be derived from a coverage, each discrete feature being composed of a set of positions associated with specified attribute values. EN ISO 19123:20071Geographic information Schema for coverage geometry and functions 1 Scope This International Standard defines a conceptual schema
41、for the spatial characteristics of coverages. Coverages support mapping from a spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal domain to feature attribute values where feature attribute types are common to all geographic positions within the domain. A coverage domain consists of a collection of direct positions
42、 in a coordinate space that may be defined in terms of up to three spatial dimensions as well as a temporal dimension. Examples of coverages include rasters, triangulated irregular networks, point coverages and polygon coverages. Coverages are the prevailing data structures in a number of applicatio
43、n areas, such as remote sensing, meteorology and mapping of bathymetry, elevation, soil and vegetation. This International Standard defines the relationship between the domain of a coverage and an associated attribute range. The characteristics of the spatial domain are defined whereas the character
44、istics of the attribute range are not part of this standard. 2 Conformance This International Standard specifies interfaces for several types of coverage objects. In addition, it supports the interchange of coverage data independently of those interfaces. Thus, it specifies two sets of conformance c
45、lasses: one for implementation of the interfaces, the other for the exchange of coverage data. Each set includes one conformance class for each type of coverage specified in this International Standard (Table 1). Table 1 Conformance classes Conformance class Subclause Simple coverage interface A.1.1
46、 Discrete coverage interface A.1.2 Thiessen polygon coverage interface A.1.3 Quadrilateral grid coverage interface A.1.4 Hexagonal grid coverage interface A.1.5 TIN coverage interface A.1.6 Segmented curve coverage interface A.1.7 Discrete coverage interchange A.2.1 Thiessen polygon coverage interch
47、ange A.2.2 Quadrilateral grid coverage interchange A.2.3 Hexagonal grid coverage interchange A.2.4 TIN coverage interchange A.2.5 Segmented curve coverage interchange A.2.6 EN ISO 19123:20072 In general, the interface conformance classes require implementation of all attributes, associations and ope
48、rations of relevant classes. This set includes a single conformance class (A.2.1) that supports a simple interface for evaluation of any coverage type, but exposes none of the internal structure of the coverage. The remainder of the set are conformance classes that support interfaces to specific cov
49、erage types that expose additional information about the internal structure of the coverage. The interchange conformance classes require only implementation of the attributes and associations of the relevant classes. The Abstract Test Suite in Annex A shows the implementation requirements necessary to conform to this International Standard. Table 1 lists the subclauses of the Abstract Test Suite that apply for each conformance class. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applicat
