1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 19148:2012Geographic information Linear referencing (ISO19148:2012)BS EN ISO 19148:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation
2、of EN ISO 19148:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
3、 of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 64448 1 ICS 35.240.70 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published
4、under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 19148 February 2012 ICS 35.240.70 English Version Geographic information - Linear referencing (ISO 19148:2
5、012) Information gographique - Rfrencement linaire (ISO 19148:2012) Geoinformation - Lineares Bezugssystem (ISO 19148:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 January 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for givi
6、ng this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three offi
7、cial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of
8、 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
9、Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 19148:2012:
10、 EBS EN ISO 19148:2012EN ISO 19148:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 19148:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information/Geomatics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This
11、European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the e
12、lements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this
13、 European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
14、 Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 19148:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 19148:2012 without any modification. BS EN ISO 19148:2012ISO 19148:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 2.1 Con
15、formance overview . 1 2.2 Conformance classes . 2 3 Normative references 3 4 Terms and definitions . 3 5 Abbreviated terms . 6 6 Linear referencing . 6 6.1 Introduction 6 6.2 Package: Linear Referencing System . 17 6.3 Package: Linear Referencing Towards Referent . 31 6.4 Package: Linear Referencing
16、 Offset 33 6.5 Package: Linear Referencing Offset Vector . 39 6.6 Package: Linearly Located Event 41 6.7 Package: Linear Segmentation 47 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 52 Annex B (informative) Generalized model for linear referencing . 56 Annex C (informative) Commonly used linear referenci
17、ng methods and models . 59 Annex D (informative) Event and segmentation examples . 79 Bibliography 86 BS EN ISO 19148:2012ISO 19148:2012(E) iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO mem
18、ber bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmen
19、tal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Direc
20、tives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodi
21、es casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19148 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/G
22、eomatics. BS EN ISO 19148:2012ISO 19148:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard is a description of the data and operations required to support linear referencing. This includes Linear Referencing Systems, linearly located events and linear segments. Linear Ref
23、erencing Systems enable the specification of positions along linear objects. The approach is based upon the Generalized Model for Linear Referencing3first standardized within ISO 19133:2005, 6.6. This International Standard extends that which was included in ISO 19133, both in functionality and expl
24、anation. ISO 19109 supports features representing discrete objects with attributes having values which apply to the entire feature. ISO 19123 allows the attribute value to vary, depending upon the location within a feature, but does not support the assignment of attribute values to a single point or
25、 length along a linear feature. Linearly located events provide the mechanism for specifying attribution of linear objects when the attribute value varies along the length of a linear feature. A Linear Referencing System is used to specify where along the linear object each attribute value applies.
26、The same mechanism can be used to specify where along a linear object another object is located, such as guardrail or a traffic accident. It is common practice to segment a linear object having linearly located events, based upon one or more of its attributes. The resultant linear segments are attri
27、buted with just the attributes used in the segmentation process, insuring that the linear segments are homogeneous in value for these segmenting attributes. This International Standard differs from ISO 19133:2005, 6.6 in the following areas. a) All occurrences of Linear Reference Method and Linear R
28、eference System have been changed to Linear Referencing Method and Linear Referencing System, respectively. b) LR_Element has been renamed LR_LinearElement and further defined as being a feature or geometry or topology. These shall support the newly introduced interface ILinearElement, meaning that
29、it is possible to measure (linearly) along them. c) The newly introduced ILinearElement interface includes operations for returning the default Linear Referencing Method of the linear element and any of its length or weight attribute values. It also includes operations for translating between Linear
30、 Referencing Methods and/or linear elements. d) The types of Linear Referencing Methods have been formalized as a CodeList. Names of common Linear Referencing Methods have been added as an informative annex. e) An additional attribute, constraint0*, has been added to Linear Referencing Method to spe
31、cify the constraints imposed by the method, such as “only allows reference marker referents”. This is an alternative to subtyping the methods that would force a too-structured approach, inconsistent with the Generalized Model, and would be indeterminate due to the wide variety of Linear Referencing
32、Methods currently in use. f) The Linear Referencing Method “project” operation has been renamed “lrPosition” and moved to the ISpatial interface and a second, opposite, operation “point” has been added. Only LR_Curves realize this interface since their spatial representation is requisite for the two
33、 operations, along with the ILinearElement interface. g) The LR_PositionExpression measure attribute has been extracted out into a Distance Expression along with the optional referent and offset roles consistent with the original theoretical model. This allows for specifying only an LR_DistanceExpre
34、ssion when the LR_LinearElement and LR_LinearReferencingMethod are already known. h) Reference Marker has been generalized to LR_Referent to enable support for other referent types such as intersections, boundaries and landmarks. This type has been formalized as a CodeList. BS EN ISO 19148:2012ISO 1
35、9148:2012(E) vi ISO 2012 All rights reservedi) A second, optional (towards) Referent has been added in a new (optional) package, Linear Referencing Towards Referent (LRTR), for those Linear Referencing Methods which allow this to disambiguate measurement direction. j) Lateral Offsets have been moved
36、 to a new (optional) package, Linear Referencing Offset (LRO). Horizontal, vertical, and combined horizontal and vertical offsets are now supported. Offset referent has been generalized to allow for feature instances as well as character strings. k) Vector Offsets have been adopted from ISO 19141. T
37、hey exist in a new (optional) package, Linear Referencing Offset Vector (LROV). An optional offset vector Coordinate Reference System (CRS) can be provided if it is different from the CRS of the linear element. l) The theoretical model on which the original standard was built is explained in Annex B
38、. m) More descriptive text is added throughout this International Standard to explain the concepts being presented. n) Minor changes to some class, attribute and role names have been made. o) A new (optional) package, Linearly Located Event (LE) has been added which uses linearly referenced position
39、s to specify where along a linear feature a particular attribute value or other feature instance applies. p) A new (optional) package, Linear Segmentation (LS) has been added to support the generation of homogeneous attributed linear segments from linear features with length-varying attribution. q)
40、Absolute Linear Referencing Method with non-zero linear element start is now accommodated. r) lateralOffsetReferentType and verticalOffsetReferentType have been changed from CodeLists to Character Strings. BS EN ISO 19148:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19148:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1Geo
41、graphic information Linear referencing 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a conceptual schema for locations relative to a one-dimensional object as measurement along (and optionally offset from) that object. It defines a description of the data and operations required to use and support l
42、inear referencing. This International Standard is applicable to transportation, utilities, location-based services and other applications which define locations relative to linear objects. 2 Conformance 2.1 Conformance overview Clause 6 of this International Standard uses the Unified Modelling Langu
43、age (UML) to present conceptual schemas for describing the constructs required for Linear Referencing. These schemas define conceptual classes that shall be used in application schemas, profiles and implementation specifications. This International Standard concerns only externally visible interface
44、s and places no restriction on the underlying implementations other than what is required to satisfy the interface specifications in the actual situation, such as interfaces to software services using techniques such as SOAP; interfaces to databases using techniques such as SQL; data interchange usi
45、ng encoding as defined in ISO 19118. Few applications require the full range of capabilities described by this conceptual schema. Clause 6, therefore, defines a set of conformance classes that support applications whose requirements range from the minimum necessary to define data structures to full
46、object implementation. This flexibility is controlled by a set of UML types that can be implemented in a variety of manners. Implementations that define full object functionality shall implement all operations defined by the types of the chosen conformance class, as is common for UML designed object
47、 implementations. It is not necessary for implementations that choose to depend on external “free functions” for some or all operations, or forgo them altogether, to support all operations, but they shall always support a data type sufficient to record the state of each of the chosen UML types as de
48、fined by its member variables. It is acceptable to use common names for concepts that are the same but have technically different implementations. The UML model in this International Standard defines abstract types, application schemas define conceptual classes, various software systems define imple
49、mentation classes or data structures, and the XML from the encoding standard (ISO 19118) defines entity tags. All of these reference the same information content. There is no difficulty in allowing the use of the same name to represent the same information content even though at a deeper level there are significant technical differences in the digital entities being implemented. This “allows” types defined in the UML model to be used directly in application schemas. BS EN ISO 19148:2012ISO 19148:2012(E) 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved2.2 Confo
