1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationSoil quality Sampling of soil invertebratesPart 5: Sampling and extraction of soil macro-invertebratesBS EN ISO 23611-5:2013Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provi
2、ded by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 23611-5:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 23611-5:2013. It is identical to ISO 23611-5:2011. It supersedes BS ISO 23611-5:2011, wh
3、ich is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
4、Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 79335 6 ICS 13.080.05; 13.080.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under
5、 the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2011.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 June 2013 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 23611-5:2011 as BS EN ISO 23611-5:2013BRITISH STANDARDCopyright European Committee for Standardization Prov
6、ided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 23611-5 February 2013 ICS 13.080.30; 13.080.05 English Version Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 5: Samplin
7、g and extraction of soil macro-invertebrates (ISO 23611-5:2011) Qualit du sol - Prlvement des invertbrs du sol - Partie 5: Prlvement et extraction des macro-invertbrs du sol (ISO 23611-5:2011) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Probenahme von Wirbellosen im Boden - Teil 5: Probenahme und Extraktion von Makroinve
8、rtebraten (Growirbellosen) im Boden (ISO 23611-5:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 February 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without a
9、ny alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other langu
10、age made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark
11、, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FO
12、R STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 23611-5:2013: ECopyright European Committ
13、ee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Foreword The text of ISO 23611-5:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardizati
14、on (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 23611-5:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the
15、 latest by August 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or al
16、l such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of
17、Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 23611-5:2011 has been approved
18、 by CEN as EN ISO 23611-5:2013 without any modification. ii BS EN ISO 23611-5:2013 ISO 23611-5:2013 (E) ISO 2013 All rights reservedEN Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
19、-,-,-iiiIntroductionThis part of ISO 23611 was prepared in response to a need to standardize sampling and extraction methods for soil macro-invertebrates in several European (temperate) and tropical countries. These methods are needed for the following purposes: biological classification of soils, i
20、ncluding soil quality assessment (e.g. References 21, 32 and 41); terrestrial bio-indication and long-term monitoring (e.g. References 71, 79, 80 and 81).Data collected using standardized methods can be evaluated more accurately as it allows more reliable comparison between sites (e.g. polluted vs n
21、on-polluted sites, changes in land-use practices).Soils of the world host an abundance of highly diverse macro-invertebrate communities. Their biology and ecology have been widely studied. Soil invertebrates are irreplaceable actors of soil formation and conservation in natural ecosystems. Their rel
22、evance to the soil system comes from their abundance and diversity, and also from their role in key biological processes. They are sensitive indicators of soil quality and recognized agents of its fertility (e.g. References 63 and 56). Among the wide diversity of species, adaptive strategies and siz
23、e ranges represented, one specific group, also called “soil ecosystem engineers”, includes large invertebrates that actually determine the activities of other smaller organisms through the mechanical activities they produce in soil (e.g. References 24 and 49).Soil macro-invertebrates span a wide ran
24、ge of ecological functions in soil: decomposition of organic matter, through their own activity and by stimulating the soils microbiological activity (e.g. References 8, 10 and 40), predation that plays an important part in food webs (e.g. References 16, 55, 61, 64 and 68), soil aggregation by the p
25、roduction of organo-mineral structures (e.g. nests, galleries, casts) that can last for days, months or years, and soil bioturbation (e.g. Reference 32), etc. These characteristics, coupled with in-depth taxonomic knowledge, has enabled their use as study organisms in several research programmes dea
26、ling with the impacts of forest practices (e.g. References 18, 40, 50, 62, 65 and 75) or crop management practices (e.g. References 15, 25, 31, 33, 34, 37, 42, 60 and 66). These features make them suitable organisms for use as bio-indicators of changes in soil quality, especially with respect to lan
27、d-use practices and pollution (e.g. References 26, 39, 48, 52, 53, 59, 65 and 79).The method proposed in this part of ISO 23611 covers the sampling of all soil macro-invertebrates. However, the sampling of earthworms is already covered in ISO 23611-1. This method is described in ISO 23611-1:2006, An
28、nex C, as an alternative sampling method for earthworms.BS EN ISO 23611-5:2013 ISO 23611-5:2011 (E)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iv Copyright European Committee
29、 for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Soil quality Sampling of soil invertebrates Part 5:Sampling and extraction of soil macro-invertebrates1 ScopeThis part of ISO 23611 spe
30、cifies a method for sampling, extracting and preserving macro-invertebrates from soils, including the litter zone. The proposed method is a prerequisite for using these animals as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). The main premise of this method is rap
31、id assessment (completing the sampling of a plot in one or two days with only basic equipment and a small number of field assistants) in order to be able to address all the taxonomic groups of soil macro-invertebrates at the same time and in the same place. The Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (T
32、SBF) method has evolved and some modifications have been introduced in order to use it in temperate regions.The sampling and extraction methods in this part of ISO 23611 are applicable to almost all types of soil, with the exception of soils in extreme climatic conditions (hard, frozen or flooded so
33、ils) and matrices other than soil, e.g. tree trunks, plants or lichens.A sampling design is specified in ISO 23611-6.NOTE 1 The method specified in this part of ISO 23611 is based on guidelines developed under the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Program (TSBF method)7.NOTE 2 Basic information on
34、 the ecology of macro-invertebrates and their use can be found in the references listed in the Bibliography.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1macro-invertebratessoil organism whose longest dimension is greater than 10 mmNOTE See An
35、nex A for further details.EXAMPLE These include especially the following groups: Oligochaeta, Gastropoda, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Isopoda, Arachnida, plus various insects: Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Dermaptera, Lepidoptera (larvae) and Diptera (larvae).2.2blotted massmass of indiv
36、iduals after preservation in formalin or ethanol (when the substance used for preservation has been absorbed by the tissues)3 PrincipleSoil macro-invertebrates are collected in the field using a metallic frame to delimit the soil surface of the sampling point. Macro-invertebrates present in litter a
37、nd soil are picked up separately. In temperate regions, a reagent is used to extract macro-invertebrates from soil. The sampling is completed by hand-sorting. Animals are preserved and transported to the laboratory for further identifications (e.g. References 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 27,
38、28, 29, 30, 35 ,36, ,38, 45, 46, 47, 54, 57, 70, 72, 73, 76, 77, 78 and 84). Abundance values are usually recalculated relative to area (1 m2).1BS EN ISO 23611-5:2013 ISO 23611-5:201 (E)1Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduct
39、ion or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-4 Reagents4.1 Ethanol, (70 % volume fraction).4.2 Formalin formaldehyde solution, 4 % (volume fraction).Both 70 % ethanol and 4 % formalin should be available for the preservation of specimens (4 % formalin is more suitable for taxa with soft
40、body parts, which can be transferred to ethanol after about 4 d fixation).4.3 Formalin, 0,2 % (volume fraction), prepared by diluting 25 ml of formalin (39 %) in 5 l of water, for soil macro-invertebrate extraction.5 ApparatusUse standard laboratory equipment and the following.5.1 Petri dishes.5.2 S
41、tereo-microscope.5.3 Plastic vials.5.4 Entomological forceps.5.5 Pencil, notebook, water-resistant marker, labels.5.6 Tape measures.5.7 Knife (cut glass).5.8 Spade.5.9 Plastic-weave produce sacks, for spreading on the ground.5.10 Precision balance.5.11 Large flat plastic trays (500 mm 400 mm 100 mm)
42、, for sorting the soil and litter.5.12 Trowel.5.13 Small plastic trays.5.14 Fine forceps (or entomological forceps), pipette, fine paint brushes.5.15 Sample vials, in various sizes with secure alcohol-tight caps.5.16 Indian-ink pen (waterproof).5.17 Stiff card for labels, ranging compass.5.18 Large
43、strong plastic bags (sealable).2 BS EN ISO 23611-5:2013 ISO 23611-5:2011 (E)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-5.19 Table and plastic chairs, for sorting.5.20 Cover,
44、 for protection from heavy rain.5.21 Polyvinyl gloves, to protect hands from formalin.5.22 Metallic frame, preferably 250 mm 250 mm.Sample frame (250 mm 250 mm 50 mm) made of stainless steel and with sharpened edges to delimit the sampling point where animals are sampled from the litter layer and so
45、il.5.23 Watering can.5.24 Pair of scissors, to cut vegetation inside the frame.5.25 Field balances.6 Field procedure6.1 GeneralSampling should take place when accessible biodiversity is thought to be largest. In temperate regions, it corresponds to spring or autumn, and in the tropics, it should tak
46、e place towards the end of the rainy season.When sampling soil invertebrates, it is strongly recommended that the site be physico-chemically characterized. In particular, pH, particle size distribution, C/N ratio, organic carbon content and water-holding capacity should be measured using ISO 10390,
47、ISO 10694, ISO 11274, ISO 11277, ISO 11461, ISO 11465.6.2 Collecting macro-invertebrates from the litter zoneAt each sampling point (= monolith) (previously defined according to sampling design rules), a litter sample is collected using a metallic frame (5.22). The metallic frame is pressed into the
48、 litter by hand. The litter inside the frame is removed and checked manually in the field using a large tray (5.11). Litter invertebrates are preserved in 4 % formalin (4.2).6.3 Collecting macro-invertebrates from soil6.3.1 GeneralIn temperate countries, the extraction of soil macro-invertebrates is carried out in two steps (see 6.3.2.1 and 6.3.2.2), while in tropical countries only the second step shall be performed (see 6.3.3).6.3.2 Temperate regions6.3.2.1 Formalin extrac
