1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 25239-2:2011Friction stir welding AluminiumPart 2: Design of weld joints (ISO25239-2:2011)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license
2、 with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO25239-2:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/41,
3、 Friction welding.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012ISBN 978
4、0 580 60293 1ICS 25.160.10; 25.160.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyright
5、 European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 25239-2 December 2011 ICS 25.160.10; 25.160.40 English Version Friction stir weldi
6、ng - Aluminium - Part 2: Design of weld joints (ISO 25239-2:2011) Soudage par friction-malaxage - Aluminium - Partie 2: Conception des assemblages souds (ISO 25239-2:2011)Rhrreibschweien - Aluminium - Teil 2: Ausfhrung der Schweiverbindungen (ISO 25239-2:2011) This European Standard was approved by
7、CEN on 4 June 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
8、may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notifie
9、d to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
10、Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All
11、 rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 25239-2:2011: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-B
12、S EN ISO 25239-2:2011EN ISO 25239-2:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 25239-2:2011) has been prepared by the International Institute of Welding in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the st
13、atus of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
14、 of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulga
15、ria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice
16、The text of ISO 25239-2:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 25239-2:2011 without any modification. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO
17、 25239-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Design requirements . 1 4.1 Documentation 1 4.2 Joint design . 2 4.3 Additional information 5 Copyright European Committee for Standardization
18、Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO 25239-2:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national st
19、andards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International o
20、rganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules giv
21、en in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least
22、75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 25239-2 was prepared by the International Institute of
23、Welding, which has been approved as an international standardizing body in the field of welding by the ISO Council. ISO 25239 consists of the following parts, under the general title Friction stir welding Aluminium: Part 1: Vocabulary Part 2: Design of weld joints Part 3: Qualification of welding op
24、erators Part 4: Specification and qualification of welding procedures Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this part of ISO 25239 should be directed to the ISO Central Secretariat, who will forward them to the IIW Secretariat for an offic
25、ial response. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO 25239-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction Welding processes are widely us
26、ed in the fabrication of engineered structures. During the second half of the twentieth century, fusion welding processes, wherein fusion is obtained by the melting of parent material and usually a filler metal, dominated the welding of large structures. Then, in 1991, Wayne Thomas at TWI invented f
27、riction stir welding (FSW), which is carried out entirely in the solid phase (no melting). The increasing use of FSW has created the need for this International Standard in order to ensure that welding is carried out in the most effective way and that appropriate control is exercised over all aspect
28、s of the operation. This International Standard focuses on the FSW of aluminium because, at the time of publication, the majority of commercial applications for FSW involved aluminium. Examples include railway carriages, consumer products, food processing equipment, aerospace structures, and marine
29、vessels. The parts of this International Standard are listed in the foreword. Part 1 defines terms specific to FSW. Part 2 specifies design requirements for FSW joints in aluminium. Part 3 specifies requirements for the qualification of an operator for the FSW of aluminium. Part 4 specifies requirem
30、ents for the specification and qualification of welding procedures for the FSW of aluminium. A welding procedure specification (WPS) is needed to provide a basis for planning welding operations and for quality control during welding. Welding is considered a special process in the terminology of stan
31、dards for quality systems. Standards for quality systems usually require that special processes be carried out in accordance with written procedure specifications. Metallurgical deviations constitute a special problem. Because non-destructive testing of the mechanical properties is impossible at the
32、 present level of technology, this has resulted in the establishment of a set of rules for qualification of the welding procedure prior to the release of the WPS to actual production. ISO 25239-4 defines these rules. Part 5 specifies a method for determining the capability of a manufacturer to use t
33、he FSW process for the production of aluminium products of the specified quality. It defines specific quality requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group. To be effective, welded structures should be free from serious problems in production and in service. To a
34、chieve that goal, it is necessary to provide controls from the design phase through material selection, fabrication, and inspection. For example, poor design may create serious and costly difficulties in the workshop, on site or in service. Incorrect material selection can result in welding problems
35、, such as cracking. Welding procedures have to be correctly formulated and qualified to avoid imperfections. To ensure the fabrication of a quality product, management should understand the sources of potential trouble and introduce appropriate quality and inspection procedures. Supervision should b
36、e implemented to ensure that the specified quality is achieved. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011Copyright European Committee for Standardiza
37、tion Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25239-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Friction stir welding Aluminium Part 2: Design of weld joints 1 Scope This part
38、 of ISO 25239 specifies design requirements for friction stir weld joints. In this part of ISO 25239, the term “aluminium” refers to aluminium and its alloys. This part of ISO 25239 does not apply to friction stir spot welding. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensa
39、ble for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2553, Welded, brazed and soldered joints Symbolic representation on drawings ISO 25239-1, Fric
40、tion stir welding Aluminium Part 1: Vocabulary ISO 25239-3, Friction stir welding Aluminium Part 3: Qualification of welding operators ISO 25239-4, Friction stir welding Aluminium Part 4: Specification and qualification of welding procedures ISO 25239-5, Friction stir welding Aluminium Part 5: Quali
41、ty and inspection requirements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 25239-1 apply. 4 Design requirements 4.1 Documentation The weldment shall be designed in accordance with defined requirements that support the end use of the product. Docu
42、mentation shall clearly define the essential information of the weld and any special requirements, e.g. fracture critical, durability critical, mission critical, or safety critical, that are imposed over and above the general requirements. Essential process controls shall be defined to substantiate
43、that all design requirements can be met by the welds that were produced in accordance with the welding procedure specification (WPS) and inspection requirements. Weld symbols shall be those shown in ISO 2553. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot
44、for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO 25239-2:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved4.2 Joint design The weld joint design shall take into account the necessary material property data. Some examples of weld joints are shown in Table
45、1. Table 1 Various weld joints shown before and after friction stir welding Joint design Before welding After welding Combination of a lap joint and butt joint Butt joint Combination of a lap joint and butt joint T-joint Corner joint Lap joint Corner joint Butt joint 4.2.1 Butt joints The depth of p
46、enetration of butt joints shall be specified in the WPS. 4.2.2 Lap joints The distance from the centreline of the tool to the edge of each overlapping member shall be specified in the WPS. The depth of penetration of the probe into the lap joint shall be specified in the WPS. Copyright European Comm
47、ittee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO 25239-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3A friction stir lap weld needs to be differentiated from all other lap welds to a
48、void any misunderstanding of its uniqueness. Conventional FSW is an asymmetric process. For example, one side of the weld is heated more than the other side. Another example of its asymmetry is the difference in strength between the advancing side and the retreating side of the weld. Depending on whether the advancing side or the retreating side of the weld is near the edge of the sheet (see Figure 1), the stronger or weaker side of the joint can be placed on the stressed side of the weld, as shown in Figure 2. This is critical
