1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 9241-400:2007Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devicesICS 35.180; 13.180g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44
2、g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO Incorporating corrigendum September 2014BS EN ISO 9241-400:2007ISBN 978 0 580 88161 9Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments30 September 2014 Correction to supersession information in national forewordThis Brit
3、ish Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 March 2007 The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 9241-400:2007. Together with BS EN I
4、SO 9241-410:2008+A1:2012, PD CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 and BS EN ISO 9241-420:2011, it supersedes BS EN ISO 9241-4:1998 and BS EN ISO 9241-9:2000, which are withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represen
5、ted on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.The publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDA
6、RDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 9241-400February 2007ICS 35.180; 13.180English VersionErgonomics of human-system interaction - Part 400: Principlesand requirements for physical input devices (ISO 9241-400:2007)Ergonomie de linteraction homme-systme - Partie 400:Principes et exigences pour les
7、 dispositifs dentrephysiques (ISO 9241-400:2007)Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 400:Grundstze und Anforderungen fr physikalischeEingabegerte (ISO 9241-400:2007)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 January 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal R
8、egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This
9、 European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the
10、national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland an
11、d United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 9241-4
12、00:2007: EForeword This document (EN ISO 9241-400:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard
13、, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bou
14、nd to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, S
15、witzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 9241-400:2007 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 9241-400:2007 without any modifications. EN ISO 9241-400:2007BS EN ISO 9241-400:2007EN ISO 9241-400:2007Reference numberISO 9241-400:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO9241-400First editi
16、on2007-02-01Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices Ergonomie de linteraction homme-systme Partie 400: Principes et exigences pour les dispositifs dentre physiques EN ISO 9241-400:2007BS EN ISO 9241-400:2007EN ISO 9241-400:2007ii iiiCon
17、tents Page Foreword iv Introduction . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .2 3.1 Actions2 3.2 Touch strategies 2 3.3 Press/release strategies2 3.4 Feedback 2 3.5 Hardware.3 3.6 Input devices3 3.7 Measures 10 3.8 Postures and movements .12 3.9 Types of task primitives19 3.10
18、 Usability related definitions20 4 Guiding principles .21 4.1 General considerations.21 4.2 Design requirements .22 5 Performance criterion .23 6 Properties of input devices relevant for usability 24 6.1 Types of input devices General considerations 24 6.2 Typology of input devices 25 6.3 Functional
19、 properties 26 6.4 Electrical properties 26 6.5 Mechanical properties.27 6.6 Maintainability-related properties 27 6.7 Safety-related properties 27 6.8 Interdependency with software27 6.9 Interdependency-with-use environment .27 6.10 Documentation.28 Annex A (informative) Overview of the ISO 9241 se
20、ries29 Bibliography 33 Index.34 EN ISO 9241-400:2007BS EN ISO 9241-400:2007EN ISO 9241-400:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally ca
21、rried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work
22、. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Intern
23、ational Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the
24、 elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 9241-400 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. This first edition of I
25、SO 9241-400, together with ISO 9241-410, ISO 9241-4111), ISO 9241-4201)and ISO 9241-4211), partially replaces ISO 9241-4:1998 and ISO 9241-9:2000, technically revised as follows: terms and definitions from ISO 9241-4 and ISO 9241-9 have been transferred to ISO 9241-400; all guiding principles have b
26、een incorporated into ISO 9241-400 and unified so that they correspond to the scope of the new ISO 9241 series; these principles are applied in ISO 9241-410 in order to generate provisions for product design. ISO 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements fo
27、r office work with visual display terminals (VDTs): Part 1: General introduction Part 2: Guidance on task requirements Part 3: Visual display requirements Part 4: Keyboard requirements Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements Part 6: Guidance on the work environment Part 7: Requirements
28、for display with reflections Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours 1) Planned or under preparation. (See Annex A) EN ISO 9241-400:2007BS EN ISO 9241-400:2007EN ISO 9241-400:2007v Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices Part 11: Guidance on usability Part 12: Presentation of informat
29、ion Part 13: User guidance Part 14: Menu dialogues Part 15: Command dialogues Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues Part 17: Form filling dialogues ISO 9241 also consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of human-system interaction: Part 20: Accessibility guidelines for in
30、formation/communication technology (ICT) equipment and services Part 110: Dialogue principles Part 151: Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces Part 171: Guidance on software accessibility Part 300: Introduction to requirements and measurement techniques for electronic visual displays Part 302: T
31、erminology for electronic visual displays Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual displays Part 304: User performance test methods Part 305: Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays Part 306: Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays Part 307: Analysis and co
32、mpliance test methods for electronic visual displays Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices Part 410: Design criteria for products for physical input devices The following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of human-system interaction, are under preparation: Part 308
33、: Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SED) Technical Report Part 411: Laboratory test and evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices Part 420: Selection procedures for physical input devices Part 421: Workplace test and evaluation methods for physical input devices Part 92
34、0: Guidance on haptic and tactile interactions EN ISO 9241-400:2007BS EN ISO 9241-400:2007EN ISO 9241-400:2007vi Introduction Input devices are means whereby users can enter data into interactive systems. Generally speaking, an input device is a sensor that can detect changes in user behaviour (gest
35、ures, moving fingers, etc.) and transform them into signals to be interpreted by the interactive system. Input devices are utilized for the sole purpose they have been designed for, e.g. a keyboard for entering character codes. Under certain circumstances they may be used also for other purposes. Ho
36、wever, in this case, generally their efficiency and/or effectiveness is restricted to a certain degree (e.g. keyboard for pointing). An input device can also be used in combination with others if needed to enhance the capabilities of users. Utilizing a keyboard and a mouse for drawing straight lines
37、 is an example of the latter. Whether or not an input device or a combination of input devices is acceptable from an ergonomic point of view is to be determined following the rationale of the usability concept. This concept postulates that an entity has no inherent usability, but one in a specified
38、context of use, for specified goals and specified users. A product may be designed for an intended user population and for a restricted context of use, e.g. for children in moderately conditioned indoor spaces. Specifying goals for using a device needs additional considerations, however. Goals that
39、the users of input devices need to achieve may be defined as high-level tasks such as “word processing” or “multimedia”. A definition in this level, however, may be too abstract to design, test or select a device on the basis of usability. For this reason, this standard specifies “task primitives” s
40、uch as “pointing”, “dragging” or “code input”. Design and selection equipment requires a fit to be achieved between a range of task requirements and the needs of users. The concept of fit as defined in ISO 9241-5:1998 concerns the extent to which equipment (visual display units, input devices, etc.)
41、 can accommodate individual users needs. Good fit is needed for the intended user population, including users with special needs, e.g. people with disabilities, if the use of a certain device is not limited to a specified user population and task. Since a variety of input devices exists that may ena
42、ble a user to achieve the same usability for the same task by creating input through different bodily abilities (e.g. hand, foot, speech or eye control) the required fit can be achieved by utilizing any device that offers the required level of usability. Depending on the character of the special nee
43、ds, a combination of different devices may be necessary, e.g. a foot- and an eye-controlled input device instead of a mouse for a person who cannot use his or her hands for whatever reason. This part of ISO 9241 specifies generic ergonomic principles valid for the design and use of input devices. To
44、 be able to formulate recommendations for groups or types of input devices, a set of typologies is introduced, based on aspects according to which possible designs can be differentiated: physical variables carrying the information (relative/absolute position, force, velocity, acceleration, etc.); bo
45、dily part used for operation; dimensionality of control (degrees of freedom); multiplicity of control (number of parallel control variables); control modality (discrete/continuous); control monitoring (one-shot or continuous time, holds last value or returns to nominal value, sequential or skip-out
46、the continuum output, etc.); control distance function (monotonic, non-monotonic, uni/bipolar, etc.); EN ISO 9241-400:2007BS EN ISO 9241-400:2007EN ISO 9241-400:2007vii mapping, straightforwardness; psychological nature of control (causality, exploratory or goal-oriented control). It also specifies
47、properties relevant for the usability of input devices and typologies in consideration of different aspects (e.g. degrees of freedom, property sensed etc.). Guidance on the application of these principles on product design is given in ISO 9241-410. The ergonomic guidance for the design of products i
48、s given without including aspects related to a particular context (e.g. using keyboards at CAD workstations). Selecting the intended context of use is part of the design process and not the subject of this part of ISO 9241. ISO 9241-4112)is to specify methods for determining conformance through obse
49、rvation, performance and by measurement of the physical attributes of the various devices. NOTE This part of ISO 9421 will be supported by the following methods (ISO 9241-411): usability test for text and data input using stationary keyboards (currently given in ISO 9241-4); generic usability test for keyboards for non-touch typing tasks; input device selection, usability testing and analysis (currently given in ISO 9241-9); testing of efficiency and effectiveness of
