1、BS ISO 12132:2017Plain bearings Qualityassurance of thin-walled halfbearings Design FMEABSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 12132:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 12132:2017. It supersedes
2、BS ISO 12132:1999 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/12, Plain bearings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary pr
3、ovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 92969 4 ICS 21.100.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was pub
4、lished under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 12132:2017 ISO 2017Plain bearings Quality assurance of thin-walled half bearings Design FMEAPaliers lisses Assurance qualit des
5、demi-coussinets minces AMDE la conceptionINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO12132Second edition2017-03Reference numberISO 12132:2017(E)BS ISO 12132:2017ISO 12132:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified
6、, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs m
7、ember body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 12132:2017ISO 12132:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and d
8、efinitions . 14 Common potential failure modes, effects and causes for half bearing shells . 2Bibliography 7 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 12132:2017ISO 12132:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
9、 bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organiza
10、tions, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its fur
11、ther maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ dire
12、ctives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
13、 Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO
14、 specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Co
15、mmittee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 5, Quality analysis and assurance.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12132:1992), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 12132:2017ISO 12132:2017(E)IntroductionFMEA (Failure Mode and Ef
16、fects Analysis) is a form of analytical method that helps to define potential defects of the designed products and to eliminate these defects at the stage of designing.FMEA is based on combining the experience gained in practice in designing and operation of plain bearings with the theory of probabi
17、lity.FMEA increases reliability and quality of the product in question and that of its technology and also reduces the expenses for testing the product and for improving the technological process.Systems for the implementation of a Design FMEA are well documented elsewhere and are outside the scope
18、of this document. These systems aid in the analysis of complex designs, both existing and projected. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 12132:2017BS ISO 12132:2017Plain bearings Quality assurance of thin-walled half bearings Design FMEA1 ScopeThis document gives guidelines for the preparation of a
19、 Design FMEA for thin-walled half bearings used in machinery, e.g. internal combustion engines (the Process FMEA is the responsibility of the supplier). It lists the common potential failure mode(s), potential effect(s) and potential cause(s) of failure.The numerical evaluation of risks in terms of
20、occurrence, severity and detection can be specific to each application, manufacturer and customer.Since they have to be assessed in each case, the numerical data are not included in this document. General guidance on statistical assessment can be obtained from the references.2 Normative referencesTh
21、e following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
22、IEC 60812, Analysis techniques for system reliability Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60812 and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standard
23、ization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp3.1Failure Mode and Effects AnalysisFMEAmethod of reliability analysis intended to identify potential failures which have sign
24、ificant consequences affecting the system performance in the application considered3.2Design FMEAFMEA (3.1) carried out by designers when developing the product3.3failure modeeffect by which a failure is observed in the bearing3.4failure effectconsequence of a failure mode (3.3) on the bearing syste
25、m and equipment condition and operation3.5failure causedeficiency or defect which causes a failure mode (3.3)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12132:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 12132:2017ISO 12132:2017(E)4 Common potential failure modes, effects and causes for half bearing shellsThe connec
26、ting rod and main half bearing shells of a machine are only one part of an integrated system involving the lubricating oil, the lubrication system, the crankshaft, the engine block, the connecting rods and the half bearing shells themselves. Even the cylinder head material, bolt tightening and cylin
27、der head gasket material have been known to influence bearing performance. Hence, any consideration of internal combustion engine bearing design shall include all elements of the system not just the half bearing shells.Table 1 gives a list of common potential bearing failure modes and the effects of
28、 bearing failure together with possible causes of failure. It is rare for failures to be encountered uniquely but rather they are found in combination such that the actual initial failure mode, and hence the causes, may be difficult to determine. Failure modes of the other bearing system components
29、are not included.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 12132:2017ISO 12132:2017(E)Table 1 Potential failure modes of half bearings and their effects and causesNo.Potential failure modePotential effects of failurePotential cause of failureBearing-related System-related1 Fatigue(see ISO 7146-1:2008, 6.
30、3)Reduced bearing durability and/or bearing seizureContamination of oil by fatigue debrisEngine inoperativeInsufficient bearing diameterInsufficient bearing lengthIncorrect material selection (fatigue resistance)Localized overloading due to presence and location of bearing features (holes, grooves,
31、etc.)Excessive bearing material thicknessExcessive overlay thicknessUnsupported bearing areasIncorrect specification of cylinder pressures firing loadOil pump capacity calculationInsufficient effective journal lengthPoor journal geometry (ovality, axial form, lobing)Poor housing geometry (ovality, l
32、obing)Insufficient housing dynamic stiffness (circumferential, radial or axial)Excessive oil temperature and/or insufficient oil coolingBearing system contaminated by foreign particles or wear debris from other components2 Accelerated wear (Insufficient oil film thickness or debris contamination)(se
33、e ISO 7146-1:2008, 6.6 and 6.7.1)Reduced bearing durability and/or bearing seizureNoiseReduction of oil pressureInsufficient bearing lengthInsufficient bearing diameterIncorrect material selection (wear resistance, embeddability)Inappropriate overlay thickness (wear resistance, embeddability)Poorly
34、located bearing features (holes, grooves, etc.)Inadequate oil grooves and holesIncorrect bearing thickness (inadequate clearance or excessive clearance)Incorrect bearing thickness geometry (taper, eccentricity, etc.)Incorrect lubricant choiceIncorrect oil additive specificationPoor oil and/or oil ad
35、ditive stabilityPoor lubricant supply (inadequate oil pressure or supply capacity, drilling diameters too small or poorly positioned, etc.)Aerated or “poor quality” oil supply (rough drillings or sharp bends in lubrication system, poor sump baffling, poor oil pick up, etc.)Inadequate oil filtrationI
36、nsufficient effective journal lengthInsufficient journal diameterPoor journal geometry (ovality, axial form, lobing)Poor journal surface topography (finish, lay, etc.)Poor engine balancePoor housing geometry (ovality, lobing)Unsupported bearing areasInsufficient oil temperature and/or insufficient o
37、il cooling ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 12132:2017ISO 12132:2017(E)No.Potential failure modePotential effects of failurePotential cause of failureBearing-related System-relatedContamination by wear debris from other componentsExcessive ingested debrisInfrequent oil and/or oil filter change i
38、ntervalsExcessive coolant contaminationExcessive contamination by fuel and combustion products3 Excessive wear and scuff (over-heating)(see ISO 7146-1:2008, Clause 8)Reduced bearing durability and/or bearing seizureIncorrect bearing thickness (inadequate clearance or excessive clearance, poor bearin
39、g back conformability with housing)Incorrect bearing thickness geometry (taper, eccentricity, etc.)Poorly located bearing features (holes, grooves, etc.)Inadequate oil grooves and holesInadequate circumferential length (inadequate interference fit)Inadequate bearing back contactIncorrect material se
40、lection (conformability, compatibility)Incorrect diffusion barrier materialExcessive differential ther-mal expansion between housing and bearing shells or housing and shaft (loss of interference fit)Incorrect journal diameter (clearance)Poor journal geometry (ovality, axial form, lobing)Unsuitable j
41、ournal surface topographyIncorrect fillet radius geometryIncorrect housing diameter (interference fit)Poor housing geometry (ovality, axial form, lobing)Insufficient housing clamping (bolt) loadPoor lubricant supply (inadequate oil pressure or supply capacity, drilling diameters, too small or poor-l
42、y positioned, etc.)Excessive oil drain down or delayed oil supplyAerated or “poor quality” oil supply (rough drillings or sharp bends in lubrification system, poor sump baffing, poor oil pick up, etc.)Insufficient “running-in”Insufficient axial clearance at ends of bearingTable 1 (continued)4 ISO 20
43、17 All rights reservedBS ISO 12132:2017ISO 12132:2017(E)No.Potential failure modePotential effects of failurePotential cause of failureBearing-related System-related4 Excessive localized wear(see ISO 7146-1:2008, 6.4 and Clause 8)Reduced durabilityReduced oil pressurePoorly located bearing features
44、(holes, grooves, etc.)Incorrect bearing thickness geometry (axial form, eccentricity, etc.)Incorrectly specified internal chamfers (fillet ride)Incorrectly specified bearing bore reliefIncorrectly specified locating tang (notch, lug or nick)Inadequate bearing back contactInsufficient blending of cra
45、nkshaft oil drilling into journalIncorrect fillet radius geometryInsufficient build cleanlinessPoor housing geometry (ovality, axial form, lobing)Inadequate bearing housing cap locationPoorly located housing features (holes, grooves, etc.)Insufficient housing stiffness (radial and axial)Incorrectly
46、positioned bearing tang pockets in housingPoor bearing alignment (engine block alignment, connecting rod straightness or twist)Excessive off-set connecting rod loadingPoor journal geometry (ovality, axial form, lobing)Poor crankshaft main journal alignment5 Damage to the bearing back(see ISO 7146-1:
47、2008, 7.2 and 7.3)Reduced bearing durability and/or bearing seizureConnecting rod breakageInadequate circumferential length (interference fit)Inadequate bearing back contactExcessive differential thermal expansion be-tween housing and bearing shells or housing and shaft (loss of interference fit)Inc
48、ompatible housing material and bearing back materialInsufficient housing dynamic stiffness (circumferential, radial or axial)Insufficient housing clamping (bolt) loadIncorrect housing diameter (interference fit)Unsupported bearing areasTable 1 (continued) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 12132:2
49、017ISO 12132:2017(E)No.Potential failure modePotential effects of failurePotential cause of failureBearing-related System-related6 Corrosion(see ISO 7146-1:2008, 6.7.2)Reduced bearing durability and/or bearing seizureIncreased wear and/or noiseIncorrect material selection (poor corrosion resistance)Incorrect lubricant choiceIncorrect oil additive specificationPoor oil and/or oil additive stabilityExcessive oil temperature and/or insufficient oil coolingInfrequent oil change intervalsExcessive coolant contaminationExcessive co
