1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 12192:2011Paper and board Determination of compressivestrength Ring crush methodBS ISO 12192:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implemen
2、tation of ISO 12192:2011. It supersedes BS ISO 12192:2002, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secret
3、ary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 67593 5 ICS 85.060 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was publis
4、hed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 12192:2011Paper and board Determination of compressive strength Ring crush methodPapier et carton Dtermination de la rsistance la compressi
5、on Mthode dcrasement en anneau ISO 2011Reference numberISO 12192:2011(E)Second edition2011-09-15ISO12192INTERNATIONAL STANDARDBS ISO 12192:2011ISO 12192:2011(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utili
6、zed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41
7、22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in Switzerlandii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 12192:2011ISO 12192:2011(E)Contents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references .13 Terms and definitions .14 Principle .25 Apparatus 26 Sampling 47 Conditioning .48 Prepa
8、ration of test pieces .49 Procedure 410 Calculation of results .510.1 Ring crush resistance 510.2 Ring-crush-resistance index 611 Test report .6Annex A (informative) Precision .7Bibliography .10 ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 12192:2011ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standard
9、ization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to
10、be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standa
11、rds are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Intern
12、ational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 12192 was
13、prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12192:2002), which has been technically revised. In the revision, the instrument is clarifi
14、ed in accordance with ISO 13820, relevant terms are defined, a precision statement is added, and other minor text corrections have been made. Significant technical changes in this revision include an expansion of the scope of the method to thinner specimens (lower grammage) and a clarification of th
15、e procedure to indicate testing with alternating sides of the test piece facing outward.ISO 12192:2011(E)iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 12192:2011IntroductionFibreboard shipping containers are frequently subjected to in-plane compressive forces during shipment or storage. Therefore, resistanc
16、e to crushing is an important measure of the performance characteristics of the containers.The resistance to crushing depends on the design of the containers and on the in-plane crush resistance of the components of the board from which it is made. The in-plane crush resistance of these components c
17、an be measured by the ring crush test.ISO 12192:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vBS ISO 12192:2011BS ISO 12192:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12192:2011(E)Paper and board Determination of compressive strength Ring crush method1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for the determi
18、nation of the edgewise compressive strength (ring crush resistance) of paper and paperboard, especially board used in the manufacture of fibreboard shipping containers.This International Standard is applicable to all paper and paperboard with a thickness in the range 100 m to 580 m. For samples havi
19、ng a thickness below 280 m, test values can result from a combination of both buckling failure and pure compression.NOTE For samples having a thickness exceeding 580 m, strain within the sample arising from bending the test piece into a cylinder might affect the test result (see References 6 and 7 i
20、n the Bibliography).2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 186,
21、 Paper and board Sampling to determine average qualityISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samplesISO 534, Paper and board Determination of thickness, density and specific volumeISO 13820, Pap
22、er, board and corrugated fibreboard Description and calibration of compression-testing equipment3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1compressive strengthmaximum compressive force per unit length that a test piece of paper or board can
23、 withstand until the onset of failureNOTE The compressive strength is expressed in kilonewtons per metre.3.2ring crush resistancemaximum compressive force per unit length that a narrow test piece bent into the form of a cylinder (ring) can withstand on its edge without failure under the conditions d
24、efined in this International StandardNOTE The ring crush resistance is expressed in kilonewtons per metre.3.3ring-crush-resistance indexring crush resistance divided by the grammageNOTE The ring-crush-resistance index is expressed in kilonewton metres per gram. ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 1
25、2192:20114 PrincipleA test piece of paper or board, in the form of a narrow strip held in a ring form, is subjected to an increasing edgewise compressive force until the onset of collapse.The ring crush resistance is calculated from the maximum compressive force and the length of the test piece.5 Ap
26、paratus5.1 Cutting device, consisting of a die cutter, capable of accurately cutting the test pieces to the specified dimensions with clean, sharp, parallel and straight edges. Other cutting devices, such as a double-knife cutter, may be used provided they can be shown to give similar test results.5
27、.2 Test-piece holder (see Figure 1), consisting of a base block (item 1 in Figure 1), preferably cylindrical, having a cylindrical recession which, together with a removable central disc (item 3 in Figure 1), forms an annular groove (item 5 in Figure 1).The recession shall have an inside diameter of
28、 49,30 mm null 0,05 mm and be 6,35 mm null 0,25 mm deep with its bottom parallel to the base of the block to within 0,01 mm. The disc (item 3 in Figure 1) is 6,35 mm null 0,25 mm thick. To accommodate test pieces of various thicknesses, discs of various diameters shall be provided, so that the width
29、 of the groove (item 5 in Figure 1) formed between the edge of the disc and the wall of the cylindrical recess may be adjusted to be at least 150 %, but not more than 175 %, of the calliper of the test piece being tested. Suitable disc diameters are given in Table 1.A centring pin (item 4 in Figure
30、1) is fixed in the exact centre of the cylindrical recess. The pin can be recessed from the base of the block but shall not protrude from the bottom. Each disc shall have a hole of slightly larger diameter at its exact centre to accommodate the pin, which will then correctly centralize the disc and
31、provide a uniform annular groove.ISO 12192:2011(E)2 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 12192:2011Dimensions in millimetresKey1 base block2 gap to allow discs to revolve freely3 disc4 centring pin5 annular groove for test piece6 tangential grooveFigure 1 Test-piece holderIt is essential that the area
32、 of contact between the bottom of the cylindrical recess and its side be a right angle. Any radius at this point prevents the test strip from resting squarely on the bottom and gives rise to erroneous results.A tangential groove (item 6 in Figure 1) not more than 1,27 mm in width is cut from the edg
33、e of the block tangential to the cylindrical recess to permit insertion of the test piece. This groove may be positioned for either clockwise or counter-clockwise insertion.5.3 Motor-driven, platen-type crush tester, in accordance with ISO 13820 except that the parallelism of the platens shall be wi
34、thin 0,025 mm per 100 mm of surface (1:4 000). The testing machine shall be calibrated in accordance with ISO 13820.5.4 Cotton or plastic gloves, for use when the test pieces are inserted manually.ISO 12192:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 12192:20116 SamplingIf the tests are being made
35、to evaluate a lot, the sample shall be selected in accordance with ISO 186. If the tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the specimens taken are representative of the sample received.7 ConditioningCondition the samples in accordance with ISO 187 and keep them in the conditioning a
36、tmosphere throughout the preparation of test pieces and the testing procedure.8 Preparation of test piecesIf the ring-crush-resistance index is to be calculated, determine the grammage of the specimens in accordance with ISO 5361.Determine the thickness of the specimens in accordance with ISO 534.Pr
37、epare the test pieces in the same atmosphere as that used to condition the samples. Gloves (5.4) should be worn throughout the sample preparation and testing procedure, as contaminants on hands, particularly moisture, may affect the test results.Using a cutting device (5.1), carefully cut from the s
38、ample, one at a time, test pieces of 12,7 mm null 0,1 mm in width and 152,4 mm 025 ,mm in length, free from wrinkles, creases or other visible defects likely to influence the test results. Ensure that the edges are straight and cleanly cut without tears or frays, and are parallel to within 0,015 mm
39、over their length.Unless otherwise specified, cut at least ten test pieces in each of the required directions. Test pieces with the long dimension perpendicular to the machine direction are used to test the machine-direction crush resistance. Those with the long dimension parallel to the machine dir
40、ection are used to test the cross-direction crush resistance.For two-sided specimens in which the fibre compositions of the two sides are different and where the side which will be on the outside of the container can be identified, cut the required number of test pieces with the outside towards the
41、male die, or away from the blades if a double-knife cutter is used. These types of cutters tend to generate small protrusions or a slight curl of the cut edges which, if oriented toward the centre of the ring, can tend to lift the centre disc, causing erroneous readings.If the sides are indistinguis
42、hable or if the outside is not known, cut the same number of test pieces, at least ten, with the same side facing the male die of the die cutter or the blades of the double-knife cutter.9 ProcedurePlace the disc, whose diameter is appropriate to the thickness of the test piece, in the test-piece hol
43、der (5.2). The disc shall be selected so that the groove width between the disc and holder is large enough for the test piece to be inserted without resistance but does not exceed 175 % of the mean thickness of the test piece. Table 1 gives an indication of likely suitable disc diameters for test pi
44、eces of different thicknesses.Carefully insert the test piece into the tangential groove and gently guide it into the holder until the free ends are located away from the tangential groove. Place the test pieces in the holder so that half are tested with one side facing inward and half with that sam
45、e side facing outward. Take care to ensure that the disc does not rise and allow the lower edge of the test piece to get underneath it.ISO 12192:2011(E)4 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 12192:2011Table 1 Suitable disc diametersThickness of test pieceamSuggested disc diametera(null null 0,05 ) mm1
46、00 to 140 48,90141 to 170 48,80171 to 200 48,70201 to 230 48,60231 to 280 48,50281 to 320 48,40321 to 370 48,20371 to 420 48,00421 to 500 47,80501 to 580 47,60aThese are merely suggested ranges. The 175 % mentioned above is the controlling factor. If the discs are made to the lower tolerance in some
47、 instances, the 175 % may be exceeded, in which case the next smaller groove width shall be used.Place the test-piece holder on the centre of the lower platen of the crush tester (5.3), if necessary using guide marks or blocks to ensure that the holder is always placed in the same position.Position
48、the holder, so that the meeting ends of the test piece are always facing left or right prior to testing. Operate the crush tester until the onset of failure and record the maximum force sustained by the test piece prior to failure, to the nearest newton.Repeat this procedure for the remaining test p
49、ieces.NOTE The ring crush test is extremely sensitive to the moisture content of the paper or board. Knowledge of the moisture content will sometimes help to explain differences in between-laboratory results.A common source of error is damage to the test pieces during insertion into the holder. When maximum accuracy of the results is required, the use of a mechanical feeder to insert the test piece into the holder is recommended. If such a feeder is used, the use of gloves is optional. Details of a suitable devic
