1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 12345:2013Diesel engines Cleanliness assessment of fuel injection equipmentBS ISO 12345:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementatio
2、n of ISO 12345:2013. It supersedes BS ISO 12345:2002, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e M C E / 2 2 , E n g i n e s f o r r o a d v e h i c l e s .A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on re
3、quest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013.ISBN 978 0 580 68678 8 ICS 43.060.40 Compliance with a Br
4、itish Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 12345:2013 ISO 2013Diesel engines Cleanliness asse
5、ssment of fuel injection equipmentMoteurs diesels valuation de propret pour quipement dinjection de combustibleINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO12345Second edition2013-03-15Reference numberISO 12345:2013(E)BS ISO 12345:2013ISO 12345:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013
6、All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested
7、 from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 12345:2013ISO 12345:2013(E) ISO 2013 All righ
8、ts reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Test apparatus . 34.1 General . 34.2 Pressure source 34.3 Verification high-pressure pipe assembly . 44.4 Verification test injector 44.5 Collecting vessel . 44.6 Verification rail .
9、44.7 Equipment for contamination measurement . 44.8 Test fluid . 64.9 Clean-up filter 74.10 Pressure gauge 75 Procedure. 75.1 General . 75.2 High-pressure supply pumps (common rail fuel injection system) 85.3 Unit injectors 95.4 Fuel injection pumps 105.5 CR fuel injectors 115.6 Fuel injectors (Nozz
10、le holder assemblies) . 135.7 High-pressure fuel injection pipes 145.8 Rails .165.9 Low-pressure systems . 196 Sample analysis .206.1 General 206.2 Gravimetric analysis 206.3 Particle size distribution . 206.4 Largest particle size . 207 Reporting results 207.1 Principle of fuel injection equipment
11、cleanliness code 207.2 Examples of fuel injection equipment cleanliness code usage .218 Designation .22Annex A (informative) Typical test equipment for measuring fuel injection equipment cleanliness 23Annex B (informative) Rail low pressure flushing test .30Annex C (informative) Procedure for verify
12、ing test equipment initial cleanliness 32Annex D (informative) Determination of flushing parameters for rail pressure vessel flushing test 34Bibliography .36BS ISO 12345:2013ISO 12345:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standa
13、rds bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organ
14、izations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in
15、 the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % o
16、f the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 12345 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehic
17、les, Subcommittee SC 7, Injection equipment and filters for use on road vehicles.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12345:2002), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 12345:2013ISO 12345:2013(E)IntroductionModern fuel injection systems
18、contain many closely controlled clearances and rely on the fuel-flowing characteristics of small orifices; thus they require the close control of sources of contamination in order to maintain the operational performance demanded of them throughout their design life. To this end, such systems are des
19、igned with integral fuel-filtration equipment, which reduces the amount of potentially damaging debris that could enter the system from external sources.However, contamination of the fuel injection system can also occur internally, from system use or wear, from equipment servicing, or as a result of
20、 the original suppliers manufacturing and assembly processes. The focus of this International Standard is on the latter source of contamination, and is thus concerned with the assessment of the cleanliness of the fuel injection equipment as originally supplied to the engine manufacturer.Fuel injecti
21、on systems comprise a number of components. Traditional systems contain low pressure elements (fuel tank, pipe-work, filters, lift pump, etc.), a fuel injection pump, high-pressure pipes and fuel injectors, located within the engine cylinder head.During the preparation of this International Standard
22、, the importance of care in the handling and measurement of contamination samples was clearly recognized. Moreover, the low levels of contaminant with fuel injection equipment makes this a particularly difficult task. For this International Standard to be used meaningfully - as an indicator of compo
23、nent cleanliness and a driver towards higher quality standards - extreme attention to detail is required of the user. Verification requirements for the test equipment used are therefore emphasized, in detail.It is not always clear what level and type of cleanliness would be beneficial for improved p
24、erformance and life on a cost-effective basis. The actual quantitative levels can only be set in relation to other parameters, agreed between the manufacturer, supplier and user. This International Standard provides a set of procedures for evaluating the cleanliness of fuel injection equipment and a
25、 framework for a common measurement and reporting. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO 12345:2013BS ISO 12345:2013Diesel engines Cleanliness assessment of fuel injection equipment1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies cleanliness assessment procedures for evaluating the amount of debris found
26、 within the clean side of diesel fuel injection assemblies, which could lead to a reduction in the systems operational effectiveness.While other International Standards, e.g. the ISO 16232 series, relate to cleanliness of components used in road vehicle fluid circuits, this International Standard is
27、 focused on diesel fuel injection assemblies as supplied to diesel engine manufacturers or the service market.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edit
28、ion cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 4008-1, Road vehicles Fuel injection pump testing Part 1: Dynamic conditionsISO 4113, Road vehicles Calibration fluids for diesel injection equipmentISO 4788, Laboratory gl
29、assware Graduated measuring cylindersISO 7440-1, Road vehicles Fuel injection equipment testing Part 1: Calibrating nozzle and holder assembliesISO 8535-1, Diesel engines Steel tubes for high-pressure fuel injection pipes Part 1: Requirements for seamless cold-drawn single-wall tubesISO 8984-1, Dies
30、el engines Testing of fuel injectors Part 1: Hand-lever-operated testing and setting apparatusISO 14644-1, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentrationISO 16232-5, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part
31、5: Method of extraction of contaminants on functional test benchISO 16232-6, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 6: Particle mass determination by gravimetric analysisISO 16232-7, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 7: Particle sizing and countin
32、g by microscopic analysisISO 16232-9, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 9: Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counterSAE J 1549, Diesel fuel injection pump Validation of calibrating nozzle holder assemblies3 Terms and definitionsFor the p
33、urposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12345:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 12345:2013ISO 12345:2013(E)3.1fuel injection equipment cleanliness codeFIECCalpha-numeric code representing the distribution of particles by size and/or w
34、eight3.2cleanliness levelCLamount and/or nature of contaminant present on the controlled surfaces and/or in controlled volumes of a componentNote 1 to entry: The term can apply to the presumed, specified or measured extent of contamination.3.3cleanliness specificationCSdocument that specifies the cl
35、eanliness level CL required for a given component along with the agreed inspection method3.4reynolds numberRedimensionless parameter expressing the ratio between the inertia and viscous forces in a flowing fluid, given by the formulaRe=UlvwhereU is the mean axial fluid velocity across the defined ar
36、ea, expressed in millimetres per sec-ondsl is the characteristic dimension of the system over which the flow occurs, expressed in mil-limetresfor pipes l = d (pipe bore diameter) is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, expressed in square millimetres per second (cen-tistokes).3.5blank testanalysis
37、carried out with the same operating conditions as on the test component but without the component or the component being a “clean” master sample used only for this purposeNote 1 to entry: The blank test allows quantification of the contamination brought in from the environment, process or materials
38、used.3.6blank value/ levelresult obtained from the blank test2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 12345:2013ISO 12345:2013(E)4 Test apparatus4.1 GeneralTypical test equipment recommended for measuring fuel-injection equipment cleanliness are described in Annex A. Following are details of specific ap
39、paratus that shall be used, unless a suitable alternative can be demonstrated.4.2 Pressure source4.2.1 GeneralThe pressure source is test dependent as described in the following subclauses.4.2.2 Fuel injection pump test benchA single cylinder inline pump as specified in SAE J1549 and a test bench as
40、 specified in ISO 4008-1.4.2.3 Hand-lever-operated testing and setting apparatusA testing apparatus as described in ISO 8984-1.4.2.4 High-pressure pulsating flow rigA pressure source capable of achievinga) a flow rate which will generate a turbulent flow in the pipes (Re 4000) for a period of 30 s 1
41、 s, while pulsating the flow between zero and this value at a frequency of 0,2 Hz to 1 Hz, followed byb) a flush at 1,4 MPa 0,1 MPa constant pressure for 15 s 1 s.4.2.5 Verification low pressure pumpA plunger or diaphragm-type pump having a flow rate of approximately twice the rated value for the co
42、mponent under test at a pressure of at least 2 MPa.The verification low-pressure pump shall be cleaned to the cleanliness level CL in accordance with Annex C and carefully stored with proper cover in a clean environment.4.2.6 Verification high pressure delivery pumpFor testing of high-pressure pipes
43、 with open ends, having a flow rate capable of generating a Reynolds number in the pipes of Re 4000. A pressure capability of 3 MPa 0,1 MPa is considered suitable.The verification high-pressure delivery pump shall be cleaned to the cleanliness level CL in accordance with Annex C and carefully stored
44、 with proper cover in a clean environment.4.2.7 Pressure vesselUsed as pressure source, shall be able to supply a testing pressure of at least 0,5 Mpa ( = 5 bar) and to produce a turbulent flow inside the rail (recommended flow rate at least 2,5 l/min).4.2.8 Flushing pumpFor testing of rails with op
45、en ends, having a flow rate of at least 0,1 l/min. For this pump a pressure capability of up to 0,1 MPa 0,01 MPa is considered suitable. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 12345:2013ISO 12345:2013(E)4.3 Verification high-pressure pipe assembly600 mm long, of tube ISO 8535-1 S-2-6-2 1 P 0, as speci
46、fied in ISO 8535-11), and suitable for the component under test.Stainless steel tubing should be used because of its resistance to rust and corrosion contamination. The verification high-pressure pipe assembly shall be cleaned to the cleanliness level CL in accordance with Annex C and carefully stor
47、ed with proper cover in a clean environment.4.4 Verification test injectorIn accordance with ISO 7440-1, fitted with an orifice plate of orifice diameter 2,5 mm.The inlet edge filter shall be removed, while the pintle end may be removed to improve the particle passage. The nozzle opening pressure sh
48、all be set to 20,7 +030,MPa.4.5 Collecting vesselWhich may be necessary for collecting test fluid downstream from the tested equipment at a flow rate different from that passing through the particle counter, the contamination monitor or the membrane filter.The collecting vessel may be used for stori
49、ng test fluid before transfer fluid samples to laboratory for analysis. A cylindrical stainless steel or glass reservoir with a conical bottom should be used for facilitating further particle collection.4.6 Verification railNeeded to establish the cleanliness level CL for the whole rail cleanliness test apparatus.For the verification the verification rail shall be cleaned to the blank value in accordance with Annex C and carefully stored with proper cover in a clean environment.4.7 Equipment fo
