1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 13373-3:2015Condition monitoring anddiagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoringPart 3: Guidelines for vibration diagnosisBS ISO 13373-3:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 13373-3:2015.The UK participa
2、tion in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GME/21/7, Mechanical vibration, shock and conditionmonitoring - Condition monitoring.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the neces
3、saryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 85766 9ICS 17.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was publ
4、ished under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 13373-3:2015 ISO 2015Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 3: Guidelines for vibration diag
5、nosisSurveillance et diagnostic dtat des machines Surveillance des vibrations Partie 3: Lignes directrices pour le diagnostic des vibrationsINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO13373-3First edition2015-09-15Reference numberISO 13373-3:2015(E)BS ISO 13373-3:2015ISO 13373-3:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedC
6、OPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet,
7、 without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.o
8、rgBS ISO 13373-3:2015ISO 13373-3:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Measurements . 14.1 Vibration measurements 14.2 Machine operational parameter measurements . 25 Structured diagnostic approach . 26 Additional analysis and testing . 36.1
9、General . 36.2 Not requiring changes to operating parameters . 36.2.1 General 36.2.2 Trend analysis 36.2.3 Phase analysis 36.2.4 Resonance test . 36.2.5 Measurement of operational deflection shape 36.2.6 Long-time waveform capture 36.3 Requiring changes to operating parameters . 46.3.1 Changes to op
10、erating conditions . 46.3.2 Complete experimental modal analysis . 46.4 Changes to the physical state of the machine . 47 Additional diagnostic techniques . 48 Considerations when recommending actions 5Annex A (normative) Process tables for the systematic approach to vibration analysis of machines 6
11、Annex B (informative) Installation faults common to all machines .12Annex C (informative) Diagnosis of radial hydrodynamic fluid-film bearings 19Annex D (informative) Diagnosis of rolling element bearings .29Bibliography .36 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 13373-3:2015ISO 13373-3
12、:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for wh
13、ich a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
14、matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This
15、 document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or a
16、ll such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users an
17、d does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary in
18、formationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machines, vehicles and structures.ISO 13373 consists of the following parts, under t
19、he general title Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring: Part 1: General procedures Part 2: Processing, analysis and presentation of vibration data Part 3: Guidelines for vibration diagnosis Part 9: Diagnostic techniques for electric motorsiv ISO 2015 All rig
20、hts reservedBS ISO 13373-3:2015ISO 13373-3:2015(E)IntroductionThis part of ISO 13373 has been developed as a set of guidelines for the general procedures to be considered when carrying out vibration diagnostics of machines. It is intended to be used by vibration practitioners, engineers and technici
21、ans and it provides them with useful diagnostic tools. These tools include diagnostic flowcharts, process tables and fault tables. The material contained herein presents a structured approach of the most basic, logical and intelligent steps to diagnose vibration problems associated with machines. Ho
22、wever, this does not preclude the use of other diagnostic techniques.ISO 13373-1 presents the basic procedures for vibration signal analysis. It includes: the types of transducers used, their ranges and their recommended locations on various types of machines, online and off-line vibration monitorin
23、g systems, and potential machinery problems.ISO 13373-2 which leads to the diagnostics of machines includes: descriptions of the signal conditioning equipment that is required, time and frequency domain techniques, and the waveforms and signatures that represent the most common machinery operating p
24、henomena or machinery faults that are encountered when performing vibration signature analysis.The present part of ISO 13373 provides general guidelines for a range of machinery. Guidance for specific machines is provided in other parts of this International Standard (currently under development).IS
25、O 13373 does not define vibration limits; these are specified in ISO 7919 (all parts) for rotating shafts and ISO 10816 (all parts) for non-rotating parts. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 13373-3:2015BS ISO 13373-3:2015Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitor
26、ing Part 3: Guidelines for vibration diagnosis1 ScopeThis part of ISO 13373 sets out guidelines for the general procedures to be considered when carrying out vibration diagnostics of rotating machines. It is intended to be used by vibration practitioners, engineers and technicians and provides a pra
27、ctical structured approach to fault diagnosis. In addition it gives examples of faults common to a wide range of machines.NOTE Guidance for specific machines is provided in other parts of ISO 13373.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
28、 document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1925,1)Mechanical vibration Balancing VocabularyISO 2041, Mechanical vibration, shoc
29、k and condition monitoring VocabularyISO 7919-1, Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria Part 1: General guidelinesISO 13372, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines VocabularyISO 13373-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostic
30、s of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 1: General proceduresISO 13373-2, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 2: Processing, analysis and presentation of vibration data3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and d
31、efinitions given in ISO 1925, ISO 2041 and ISO 13372 apply.4 Measurements4.1 Vibration measurementsReliable measurement is the essential basis of using this part of ISO 13373 (see Reference 1).1) To become ISO 21940-2 when revised.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13373-3:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserv
32、ed 1BS ISO 13373-3:2015ISO 13373-3:2015(E)In general, there are three types of vibration measurements:a) vibration measurements made on the non-rotating structure of the machine, such as the bearing housings, machine casings or machine base, using e.g. accelerometers or velocity transducers (see ISO
33、 2954);b) relative motion measurements between the rotor and the stationary bearings or housing, using e.g. proximity probes (see ISO 10817-1);c) measurements of the absolute vibratory motion of the rotating elements, using e.g. shaft riders or by combining the outputs of the methods described in it
34、ems a) and b) (see ISO 10817-1).International Standards have been written to help assess the vibration severity for these types of measurements, especially ISO 7919 and ISO 10816.It is important to recognize that the appropriate transducer and measurement system should be used for the diagnosis of f
35、aults considering specific situations and machine types. For example, by taking into account the machines particular operational duty, the required frequency range and the resolution of measurement are determined.Description of transducer and measurement systems as well as specification of technique
36、s are given in ISO 13373-1 and ISO 13373-2, which shall be considered for appropriate selection.4.2 Machine operational parameter measurementsOperational parameters can significantly affect the vibration signature and therefore should be acquired alongside the vibration data in order to allow correl
37、ation for a diagnosis process. Examples are rotational speed, load, pressure and temperature.It is good practice to obtain baseline vibration characteristics under a range of operating conditions and configurations as a basis for comparison with future vibration events.Additional guidelines on using
38、 operational parameters are given in ISO 17359.5 Structured diagnostic approachThe tools used in this part of ISO 13373 to guide the diagnostic process are flowcharts, process tables and fault tables. The flowcharts and the process tables are essentially a step-by-step question and answer procedure
39、that guides the user in the diagnosis process. The flowcharts are used for an overview of the vibration events and characterize the features, while the process tables are used for more in-depth analysis. The fault tables are used to illustrate common machinery events and how they manifest themselves
40、.Annex A specifies the systematic approach to the vibration analysis of machines:a) A.1 is used to gather background information regarding the machine, nature and severity of the vibration.b) A.2 is used to answer a set of questions aimed at arriving at a probable diagnosis of such common faults as
41、unbalance, misalignment and rubs.c) A.3 is used to set out certain considerations when recommending actions following a probable diagnosis.In addition, approaches for faults common to a wide range of machines are shown in other annexes: Installation faults and examples are described in Annex B. Radi
42、al hydrodynamic fluid-film bearing faults and examples are described in Annex C. Rolling element bearing faults and examples are described in Annex D.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 13373-3:2015ISO 13373-3:2015(E)Guidance for specific machines is provided in other parts of ISO 13373.This approa
43、ch is considered to be good practice put together by experienced users, although it is acknowledged that other approaches can exist.A word of caution to all users: in some cases the vibration diagnosis can point to several root causes. It is recommended to consult with the manufacturer under these c
44、ircumstances.6 Additional analysis and testing6.1 GeneralAfter using the relevant flowcharts, process tables and fault tables, further testing can be necessary to establish the cause and effect mechanism. In some circumstances, with approval of the plant operator, a physical change to the machine ca
45、n be required to observe an influence.Typical tests and analysis techniques are described 6.2 to 6.4.6.2 Not requiring changes to operating parameters6.2.1 GeneralThese tests can be carried during normal operation, i.e. no changes to the characteristics of the machine.6.2.2 Trend analysisThe objecti
46、ve of trend analysis is to track changes in machine condition with time. This can be achieved through continuous or periodic measurements. Trending is done with operational parameters as well as vibration parameters. Vibration is trended as an overall value either peak or r.m.s. value in a certain f
47、requency band, or as a filtered value in a number of smaller bands. More elaborate analysis can include regression analysis of trended data, as well as possible extrapolation.6.2.3 Phase analysisPhase is an important diagnostic tool for which a reference signal is required. For example, phase is a u
48、seful tool to distinguish between misalignment, resonance, rubs and unbalance.6.2.4 Resonance testIn a resonance test, e.g. impact test, shaker test, the object is to find any natural frequencies or resonance speeds that can be excited by the machine. Usually, an impact test is conducted on the mach
49、ine to determine the natural frequencies of stationary parts, while a resonance speed test is required to determine the natural frequencies of rotor/rotor train. An impact test is usually done while the machine is not running. However if resonance speed information is sought, then a run-up or coast-down test would be recommended (see 6.3.1).6.2.5 Measurement of operational deflection shapeThe operational deflection shape (ODS) measurement is an actual visualization of the machine behaviour, at any frequency (but usually a
