1、BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 18164:2005Passenger car, truck, bus and motorcycle tyres Methods of measuring rolling resistanceICS 83.160.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50
2、g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Incorporating corrigendumOctober 2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18164:2005. It supersedes BS AU 50-1.1.3:1993, BS AU 50-1.2.3:1993 and BS AU 50-1.6.7:1998 which are withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entru
3、sted to Technical Committee AUE/4, Tyres and wheels for motor vehicles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct appl
4、ication.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS ISO 18164:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3 October 2005 BSI 2010Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 Oc
5、tober 2010 Supersession details added to the national foreword ISBN 978 0 580 72755 9Reference numberISO 18164:2005(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO18164First edition2005-07-01Passenger car, truck, bus and motorcycle tyres Methods of measuring rolling resistance Pneumatiques pour voitures particulires,
6、camions, autobus et motocycles Mthodes de mesure de la rsistance au roulement ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Test methods. 2 5 Test equipment . 3 5.1 Drum specifications 3 5.2 Test rim 3 5.3 Load, alignment, control and instrumenta
7、tion accuracies. 3 5.4 Thermal environment . 3 6 Test conditions . 4 6.1 General. 4 6.2 Test speeds . 4 6.3 Test load 4 6.4 Test inflation pressure . 5 6.5 Duration and speed 5 6.6 Optional conditions 5 7 Test procedure 5 7.1 General. 5 7.2 Break-in 5 7.3 Thermal conditioning . 5 7.4 Pressure adjust
8、ment 5 7.5 Warm-up 5 7.6 Measurement and recording 5 7.7 Measurement of parasitic losses 6 8 Data interpretation 7 8.1 Calculation of parasitic losses 7 8.2 Rolling resistance calculation . 8 9 Data analysis . 10 9.1 Rolling resistance coefficient 10 9.2 Temperature correction 10 9.3 Drum diameter c
9、orrection 10 Annex A (informative) Measurement methods of moment of inertia for drum and tyre assembly Deceleration method 12 Annex B (informative) Optional test conditions 17 (normative) Test equipment tolerances . 19 Bibliography . 2(normative)Annex CAnnex D Deceleration method based on time-dista
10、nce measuring 229 BS ISO 18164:2005ISO 18164:2005 (E)iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees
11、. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Intern
12、ational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Sta
13、ndards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subj
14、ect of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18164 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 31, Tyres, rims and valves. This first edition represents a compilation of three individual standards (ISO 8767:1992, ISO 9948:1992 and ISO 1332
15、7:1998) into a consolidated, technically revised single document. BS ISO 18164:2005ISO 18164:2005 (E)1Passenger car, truck, bus and motorcycle tyres Methods of measuring rolling resistance 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for measuring rolling resistance, under controlled labora
16、tory conditions, for new pneumatic tyres designed primarily for use on passenger cars, trucks, buses and motorcycles. The relationship between values obtained and the fuel economy of the vehicle is undetermined, and such values are not intended to be used to indicate levels of performance or quality
17、. This International Standard applies to all passenger car, truck, bus and motorcycle tyres. Measurement of tyres using this method enables comparisons to be made between the rolling resistance of new tyres when they are free-rolling straight ahead, in a position perpendicular to the drum outer surf
18、ace, and in steady-state conditions. In measuring tyre rolling resistance, it is necessary to measure small forces in the presence of much larger forces. It is, therefore, essential that equipment and instrumentation of appropriate accuracy be used. 2 Normative references The following referenced do
19、cuments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4223-1:2002, Definition of some terms used in the tyre industry Part 1:
20、Pneumatic tyres 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4223-1 and the following apply. 3.1 rolling resistance Frloss of energy (or energy consumed) per unit of distance travelled NOTE The SI unit conventionally used for the rolling resistanc
21、e is the newton metre per metre (N.m/m).This is equivalent to a drag force in newtons (N). 3.2 rolling resistance coefficient Crratio of the rolling resistance, in newtons, to the load on the tyre, in newtons BS ISO 18164:2005ISO 18164:2005 (E)2 3.3 capped inflation process of inflating the tyre and
22、 allowing the inflation pressure to build up, as the tyre is warmed up while running 3.4 regulated inflation process of inflating the tyre to the required pressure independent of its temperature, and maintaining this inflation pressure while the tyre runs under load NOTE This is most commonly done b
23、y using a regulated pressure source attached to the tyre through a rotating union. 3.5 parasitic loss loss of energy (or energy consumed) per unit distance excluding internal tyre losses, and attributable to aerodynamic loss of the different rotating elements of the test equipment, bearing friction
24、and other sources of systematic loss which may be inherent in the measurement NOTE Depending on the method used, the aerodynamic loss of the tyre may or may not be included in the parasitic loss. 3.6 skim test reading type of parasitic loss measurement, in which the tyre is kept rolling, without sli
25、ppage, while reducing the tyre load to a level at which energy loss within the tyre itself is virtually zero 3.7 machine reading type of parasitic loss measurement, involving losses of the test machine, exclusive of losses in the rotating spindle bearing, which carries the tyre and rim, and aerodyna
26、mic losses 3.8 moment of inertia ratio of the torque applied to the tyre to the annular acceleration on the tyre See Annex A. 4 Test methods The following are alternative measurement methods. The choice of an individual method is left to the tester. For each method, the test measurements shall be co
27、nverted to a force acting at the tyre/drum interface. The measured parameters are given below. a) Force method: the reaction force measured at the tyre spindle. This measured value also includes the bearing losses of the tyre spindle and the aerodynamic losses of the tyre and the wheel. b) Torque me
28、thod: the torque input measured at the test drum (see NOTE). c) Power method: the measurement of the power input to the test drum (see NOTE). d) Deceleration method: the measurement of deceleration of the test drum and tyre assembly (see NOTE). NOTE This measured value also includes the bearing and
29、aerodynamic losses of the wheel, the tyre and the drum, losses that are also to be considered. BS ISO 18164:2005ISO 18164:2005 (E)35 Test equipment 5.1 Drum specifications 5.1.1 Diameter The test dynamometer shall have a cylindrical flywheel (drum) with a diameter of at least 1,5 m (reference drum d
30、iameter: 1,7 m) for passenger car and motorcycle tyres; with a diameter of at least 1,7 m for truck/bus tyres. It should be noted that the results are different for different diameters; see 9.3 for drum diameter correction for comparisons, if necessary. NOTE Historically, the measurement of the fore
31、 and aft (longitudinal) force on a flat surface machine has been shown to be quite difficult since this force is very small relative to other forces being measured. If a flat surface machine is used, care should be taken to correlate the data with the reference drum diameter in order to assure accur
32、ate results. 5.1.2 Surface The surface of the drum shall be smooth steel or textured and shall be kept clean. For the textured drum surface, see B.4. 5.1.3 Width The width of the drum test surface shall exceed the width of the test tyre tread. 5.2 Test rim The tyre shall be mounted on a test rim, as
33、 specified in Annex C. 5.3 Load, alignment, control and instrumentation accuracies Measurement of these parameters shall be sufficiently accurate and precise to provide the required test data. The specific and respective values are shown in Annex C. 5.4 Thermal environment 5.4.1 Reference conditions
34、 The reference ambient temperature, as measured on the rotational axis of the tyre, 1 m away from the plane touching the nearest tyre sidewall, shall be 25 C. 5.4.2 Alternative conditions If the reference temperature cannot be obtained, the rolling resistance measurement shall be corrected to standa
35、rd temperature conditions in accordance with 9.2. 5.4.3 Drum surface temperature Care should be taken to ensure that the temperature of the test drum surface is approximately the same as the ambient temperature at the beginning of the test. BS ISO 18164:2005ISO 18164:2005 (E)4 6 Test conditions 6.1
36、General The test consists of a measurement of rolling resistance in which the tyre is inflated and the inflation pressure is allowed to build up (i.e. “capped air”). 6.2 Test speeds 6.2.1 Single test speed The value shall be obtained at a drum speed as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Test speeds Speed in
37、kilometres per hour Tyre type Passenger car Truck and bus Motorcycle Load index All LI 121 and below LI 122 and above All All Speed symbol All All F to J K to M L and below Above LSpeed 80 80 60 80 50 80 6.2.2 Multiple test speed Passenger car tyres: the values shall be obtained at drum speeds of 50
38、 km/h, 90 km/h and 120 km/h. Truck/bus tyres: for LI of 121 and below, the values shall be obtained at drum speeds of 80 km/h and, if required, 120 km/h. 6.3 Test load The standard test load shall be computed from the values shown in Table 2 and shall be kept within the tolerances specified in Annex
39、 C. Table 2 Test loads and inflation pressures Tyre type Passenger caraTruck and bus Motorcycle Light and standard load Reinforced or extra load Standard load Reinforced or extra load Load % of maximum load capacity 80 80 85 (% of single load) 65 80Inflation pressure kPa 210 250 Corresponding to max
40、imum load capacity for single application 200 250 NOTE The inflation pressure shall be capped with the accuracy specified in C.4.1. aFor those passenger car tyres belonging to categories which are not shown in Annex B of ISO 4000-1:2001, the inflation pressure shall be the inflation pressure recomme
41、nded by the tyre manufacturer, corresponding to the maximum tyre load capacity, reduced by 30 kPa. BS ISO 18164:2005ISO 18164:2005 (E)56.4 Test inflation pressure The inflation pressure shall be in accordance with those shown in Table 2 and shall be capped with the accuracy specified in C.4.1. 6.5 D
42、uration and speed When the deceleration method is selected, the following requirements apply: a) for duration, ,t the time increments shall not exceed 0,5 s; b) any variation of the test drum speed shall not exceed 1 km/h. 6.6 Optional conditions If the sensitivities of load, inflation or speed are
43、desired, the additional information given in Annex B should be consulted. 7 Test procedure 7.1 General The test procedure steps described below shall be followed in the sequence given. 7.2 Break-in To ensure repeatability of measurements, an initial break-in and cooling period is required prior to t
44、he start of the test. Such a break-in shall be carried out on a test drum of at least 1,5 m diameter (1,7 m for truck and bus tyres) for a period of at least 1 h, at a minimum speed as given in 6.2, per type of tyre, with the load and inflation pressure given in 6.3 and 6.4 respectively. 7.3 Thermal
45、 conditioning Place the inflated tyre in the thermal environment of the test location for the time necessary to achieve thermal equilibrium, which is generally reached after 3 h for passenger car and motorcycle tyres and 6 h for truck and bus tyres. 7.4 Pressure adjustment After thermal conditioning
46、, the inflation pressure shall be adjusted to the test pressure, and verified 10 min after the adjustment is made. 7.5 Warm-up The tyre shall be run at constant test speed until reaching a stabilized steady-state value of rolling resistance. Recommendations for warm-up periods are given in Annex B.
47、7.6 Measurement and recording The following shall be measured and recorded (see Figure 1): a) test speed, Un; b) load on the tyre normal to the drum surface, Lm; BS ISO 18164:2005ISO 18164:2005 (E)6 c) test inflation pressure: 1) initial, as defined in 7.4 2) final, for capped inflation; d) the driv
48、ing torque on the drive shaft, Tt, the tyre spindle force, Ft, the input power, V A, or the deceleration of the test drum/tyre/wheel assembly, ,t depending on the method; e) distance from the tyre axle to the drum outer surface under steady-state conditions, rL(see 8.2.1); f) ambient temperature, ta
49、mb; g) test drum radius, R; h) rolling resistance force, Fr; i) test method chosen; j) test rim (designation and material). Key 1 tyre 2 drum Figure 1 Free-body diagram of tyre/drum system, assuming no bearing and aerodynamic losses 7.7 Measurement of parasitic losses 7.7.1 General Determine parasitic losses by one of the procedures given in 7.7.2 to 7.7.4. BS ISO 18164:2005ISO 18164:2005 (E)77.7.2 Skim test reading a) Reduce the load to maintain the tyre at the test speed without slippage. b) Record the spindle force, Ft,input torque, Tt, or the power, which
