1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58cylinders Part 2: Test pressure greater than 6 MPaICS 23.020.30Gas cylinders Refillable welded stai
2、nless steel BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 18172-2:2007BS ISO 18172-2:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50784 7Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentsrequest to its secretary.This
3、 publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementa
4、tion of ISO 18172-2:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PVE/3, Gas containers, to Subcommittee PVE/3/3, Transportable gas containers Cylinder design, construction and testing at the time of manufacture.A list of organizations represented on this committe
5、e can be obtained on Reference numberISO 18172-2:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO18172-2First edition2007-03-01Gas cylinders Refillable welded stainless steel cylinders Part 2: Test pressure greater than 6 MPa Bouteilles gaz Bouteilles soudes en acier inoxydable rechargeables Partie 2: Pression dpr
6、euve suprieure 6 MPa BS ISO 18172-2:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 2 3.1 Terms and definitions. 2 3.2 Symbols . 3 4 Materials and heat treatment . 4 4.1 General. 4 4.2 Categories . 4 4.3 Heat treatment. 5
7、4.4 Test requirements. 5 5 Design 5 5.1 General requirements. 5 5.2 Calculation of cylindrical shell wall thickness 5 5.3 Design of convex ends. 6 5.4 Minimum wall thickness. 9 5.5 Ends of other shapes . 9 5.6 Design of openings. 9 5.7 Bungs. 9 6 Construction and workmanship 9 6.1 General. 9 6.2 Wel
8、ding 10 6.3 Cryoforming procedure 10 6.4 Welded joints of pressure-containing parts 11 6.5 Non-pressure-containing attachments.11 6.6 Valve protection 11 6.7 Neck threads . 11 6.8 Visual examination . 11 7 New design tests. 12 7.1 General requirements. 12 7.2 Verifications and tests 13 7.3 Descripti
9、ons of tests 14 7.4 Design testing certificate . 15 8 Batch tests. 15 8.1 General. 15 8.2 Information 15 8.3 Tensile test 15 8.4 Bend test 18 8.5 Impact test . 20 8.6 Macroscopic examination of weld cross-sections 21 8.7 Checks and verifications . 21 9 Tests on every cylinder 22 9.1 Pressure test .
10、22 9.2 Hardness test 22 9.3 Leakage test 22 10 Failure to meet test requirements . 22 BS ISO 18172-2:2007iv 11 Markings. 22 12 Certificate. 23 Annex A (normative) Radiographic examination of welds. 24 Annex B (normative) Description and evaluation of manufacturing defects and conditions for rejectio
11、n of welded stainless steel gas cylinders at time of visual inspection 26 Annex C (informative) Examples of design and batch testing certificates. 28 Bibliography . 33 BS ISO 18172-2:2007vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standard
12、s bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organiz
13、ations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in
14、the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % o
15、f the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18172-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 58, Gas cy
16、linders, Subcommittee SC 3, Cylinder design. ISO 18172 consists of the following parts, under the general title Gas cylinders Refillable welded stainless steel cylinders: Part 1: Test pressure 6 MPa and below Part 2: Test pressure greater than 6 MPa BS ISO 18172-2:2007vi Introduction The purpose of
17、this part of ISO 18172 is to provide a specification for the design, manufacture and testing of refillable, transportable, welded stainless steel gas cylinders with a test pressure above 6 MPa (60 bar). The specifications given are based on knowledge of, and experience with, materials, design requir
18、ements, manufacturing processes and control during manufacture of cylinders in common use. ISO 18172 has been prepared to address the general requirements in Section 6.2.1 of the UN model regulations for the transportation of dangerous goods ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.13. It is intended to be used under a va
19、riety of regulatory regimes, but has been written so that it is suitable for use with the conformity assessment system in paragraph 6.2.2.5 of the above-mentioned model regulations. BS ISO 18172-2:20071Gas cylinders Refillable welded stainless steel cylinders Part 2: Test pressure greater than 6 MPa
20、 1 Scope This part of ISO 18172 specifies minimum requirements concerning material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes and testing of refillable transportable welded stainless steel gas cylinders, of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l, for compressed and
21、 liquefied gases. This part of ISO 18172 is applicable only to cylinders manufactured from stainless steels with a maximum tensile strength of less than 1 100 MPa and a test pressure above 6 MPa (60 bar). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application
22、 of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2504:1973, Radiography of welds and viewing conditions for films Utilization of recommended patterns of image quality
23、 indicators (I.Q.I.) ISO 3651-2, Determination of resistance to intergranular corrosion of stainless steels Part 2: Ferritic, austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels Corrosion test in media containing sulfuric acid ISO 5817, Welding Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titaniu
24、m and their alloys (beam welding excluded) Quality levels for imperfections ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method ISO 6892, Metallic materials Tensile testing at ambient temperature ISO 7438, Metallic materials Bend test ISO 9328-7:2004, Steel flat products for pre
25、ssure purposes Technical delivery conditions Part 7: Stainless steels ISO 9606-1, Approval testing of welders Fusion welding Part 1: Steels ISO 9956-1, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials Part 1: General rules for fusion welding ISO 9956-3, Specification and appro
26、val of welding procedures for metallic materials Part 3: Welding procedure tests for arc welding of steels ISO 11114-1, Transportable gas cylinders Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents Part 1: Metallic materials BS ISO 18172-2:20072 ISO 11117, Gas cylinders Valve protectio
27、n caps and valve guards Design, construction and tests ISO 13769, Gas cylinders Stamp marking ISO 14556, Steel Charpy V-notch pendulum impact test Instrumented test method ISO 14732, Welding personnel Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and of resistance weld setters for fully m
28、echanized and automatic welding of metallic materials ISO 17636, Non-destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing of fusion-welded joints ISO 17637, Non-destructive testing of welds Visual testing of fusion-welded joints ISO 20807, Non-destructive testing Qualification of personnel for limited
29、application of non-destructive testing 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and symbols apply. 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.1.1 yield stress value corresponding to 0,2 % proof stress (Rp0,2) or, for austenitic steels in the solution anne
30、aled condition, 1 % proof stress (Rp1,0) 3.1.2 solution annealing softening heat treatment for austenitic steels in which a cylinder is heated to a uniform temperature above the solid solution temperature, followed by rapid cooling 3.1.3 cryoforming process where the cylinder is subjected to a contr
31、olled low temperature deformation treatment that results in a permanent increase in strength 3.1.4 cold working plastic deformation treatment given to sheet material at ambient temperature, with the aim of permanently increasing the material strength 3.1.5 cold forming final deformation treatment at
32、 ambient temperature given to the prefabricated cylinder, known as the preform, which results in a permanent increase in the material strength 3.1.6 batch quantity of cylinders made consecutively by the same manufacturer, using the same manufacturing techniques, to the same design, size and material
33、, from the same cast on the same type of welding machines and welding procedures 3.1.7 design stress factor F ratio of equivalent wall stress at test pressure (ph) to guaranteed minimum yield stress (Re) BS ISO 18172-2:200733.2 Symbols a calculated minimum thickness, in mm, of the cylindrical shell
34、a guaranteed minimum thickness, in mm, of the cylindrical shell, including any corrosion allowance (see 7.1.1) a1calculated value of a used in the calculation of b (see 5.3.2) ammean wall thickness, in mm, of the cylindrical shell of the cylinder preform A percentage elongation after fracture b calc
35、ulated minimum thickness, in mm, of the cylinder end b guaranteed minimum thickness, in mm, of the cylinder end (see 7.1.1) C shape factor of dished ends D outside diameter, in mm, of the cylinder (see Figure 1) Dfdiameter of former, in mm (see 8.4.3 and Figure 10) Dm mean diameter of the cylindrica
36、l shell of a cylinder preform, in mm F design stress factor (see 3.1.7) fccryoforming factor established by the manufacturer for each batch of cylinders h height, in mm, of the cylindrical part of the end (see Figure 1) H outside height, in mm, of the domed part of the end (see Figure 1) J stress re
37、duction factor L length, in mm, of the cylinder n ratio of diameter of bend test former (Df) to the thickness of the test piece (t) pbmeasured burst pressure, in MPa (bar)1), above atmospheric pressure, in the burst test pccryoforming or cold forming pressure in MPa (bar), above atmospheric pressure
38、 phhydraulic test pressure, in MPa (bar), above atmospheric pressure pyobserved yield pressure, in MPa (bar), above atmospheric pressure r inside radius of the knuckle end, in mm (see Figure 1) R inside radius of the dished end, in mm (see Figure 1) Reyield stress, in MPa, as defined in 3.1.1 and us
39、ed for design calculation Reavalue of the actual yield stress, in MPa, determined by the tensile test 1) 0,1 MPa = 105Pa = 1 bar BS ISO 18172-2:20074 Rp0,2minimum value of 0,2 % proof stress, in MPa, guaranteed by the cylinder manufacturer for the finished cylinder, in accordance with ISO 6892 (see
40、Note) Rp1,0minimum value of 1,0 % proof stress, in MPa, guaranteed by the cylinder manufacturer for the finished cylinder, in accordance with ISO 6892 (see Note) Rgminimum value of tensile strength, in MPa, guaranteed by the cylinder manufacturer for the finished cylinder Rmactual value of tensile s
41、trength, in MPa, determined by tensile test (see 8.3) t actual thickness of the test specimen, in mm (see Figure 7) NOTE For cryoformed and cold formed cylinders, the minimum value guaranteed by the manufacturer refers only to the cylindrical part of the finished cylinder. 4 Materials and heat treat
42、ment 4.1 General 4.1.1 Materials of shells and end pressings shall be stainless steels in a condition suitable for pressing or drawing and welding, and shall conform to ISO 9328-7. 4.1.2 Grades of steel used for the cylinder manufacture shall be compatible with the intended gas service (e.g. corrosi
43、ve gases, embrittling gases), in accordance with ISO 11114-1. Due to the scope of this part of ISO 18172, which permits tensile strengths up to 1 100 MPa, particular care shall be taken when designing hydrogen gas cylinders. 4.1.3 There is a risk of sensitization to intergranular corrosion resulting
44、 from the hot processing of austenitic and duplex stainless steels. If any heat treatment was done during manufacturing, an intergranular corrosion test in accordance with 7.3.3 shall be carried out. 4.1.4 The manufacturer shall be able to guarantee cylinder steel casting traceability for each press
45、ure-retaining part of the cylinder. 4.1.5 All parts welded to the cylinder shall be made of compatible material with respect to the weldability. 4.1.6 The cylinder manufacturer shall obtain and provide material certificates of the ladle analysis from the steel manufacture of the steel supplied for t
46、he construction of the pressure-retaining parts of the cylinder and for the welding consumables. 4.1.7 Some grades of stainless steel may be susceptible to environmental stress corrosion cracking (SCC). A check shall be made of the material standard to ensure that the selection of material is compat
47、ible with the intended service. Special precautions shall be taken, e.g. by carrying out a post-processing SCC test or by using a grade of material more resistant to SCC. No special precautions shall compromise any other requirements in this part of ISO 18172. 4.1.8 The welding consumables shall be
48、such that they are capable of giving consistent welds. The strength characteristics of the welds shall not be less than those considered in the design and/or calculations. 4.2 Categories The following three broad categories of stainless steels are recognised: ferritic; austenitic; BS ISO 18172-2:200
49、75 ferritic/austenitic (duplex). The steels used shall be in accordance with ISO 9328-7. 4.3 Heat treatment 4.3.1 For cylinders subjected to cold forming or cryoforming processes, heat treatment of the preform component part is not required. Cryoformed cylinders shall not be subjected to any subsequent heat treatment or to additional heat application, such as welding. 4.3.2 Raw materials used for the manufacture of pressure-retaining parts of the cylinders shall be
