1、Rubber and rubber products Determination of biobased contentPart 2: Biobased carbon contentBS ISO 19984-2:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Rubber and rubber products Determination of biobased content Part 2: Biobased carbon contentlastomre
2、s et produits base dlastomres Dtermination de la teneur en composs biosourcs Partie 2: Teneur en carbone biosourcINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19984-2First edition2017-08Reference numberISO 19984-2:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 19984-2:2017.The UK participa
3、tion in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/22, Testing and analysis of rubber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are res
4、ponsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 88041 4ICS 83.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standard
5、s Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 19984-2:2017 ISO 2017Rubber and rubber products Determination of biobased content Part 2: Biobased carbon contentlastomres et produits base dlastomres Dterminat
6、ion de la teneur en composs biosourcs Partie 2: Teneur en carbone biosourcINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19984-2First edition2017-08Reference numberISO 19984-2:2017(E)BS ISO 19984-2:2017ISO 19984-2:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rig
7、hts reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from e
8、ither ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 19984-2:2017ISO 19984-2:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserv
9、edCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intran
10、et, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.is
11、o.orgISO 19984-2:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Sampling 36 Measuring method of biobased carbon content by determination of 14C content for rubber products and raw materials . 36.1 General . 36.2 Sample preparation and two
12、 methods to determine 14C concentration 46.3 Calculation of the biobased carbon content 46.3.1 General 46.3.2 Correction factor 46.3.3 Calculation of BTC, the biobased carbon content by Method A (AMS) 56.3.4 Calculation of BTC, the biobased carbon content by Method B (LSC) 56.3.5 Examples . 57 Preci
13、sion . 68 Test report . 6Annex A (normative) Method A Determination by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) . 7Annex B (normative) Method B Determination by liquid scintillation counter (LSC)10Annex C (informative) Examples of the determination of biobased carbon content for rubber and rubber product
14、s .13Annex D (informative) Determination of the biobased carbon content of a tyre .15Annex E (informative) Precision results from an interlaboratory test programme 18Bibliography .20 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 19984-2:2017ISO 19984-2:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Org
15、anization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establi
16、shed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizatio
17、n.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with t
18、he editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any p
19、atent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement
20、.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: w
21、ww .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis.A list of all parts in the ISO 19984 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 19984-2:2017ISO 19984-2
22、:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for wh
23、ich a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
24、matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This
25、 document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any o
26、r all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of us
27、ers and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barrie
28、rs to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis.A list of all parts in the ISO 19984 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rig
29、hts reserved ISO 19984-2:2017(E)IntroductionThe use of biomass materials in rubber compounds helps to decrease the rubber industrys dependence on fossil resources. It is also expected to lead to a reduction of carbon dioxide emission, reducing global warming and promoting a sustainable global enviro
30、nment.In the ISO 19984 series, biomass is the term used for the biological material from living or recently living organisms such as wood and agricultural waste materials.Industrial scale biomass is now readily being grown from numerous types of plants sources and a variety of tree species. Biomass
31、nowadays also includes plant or animal matter used for the production of fibres or chemicals. It may also include biodegradable wastes. Biomass excludes organic materials which have been transformed by geological processes into substances, such as petroleum or coal. Although fossil fuels have their
32、origin in ancient biomass, they are not considered biomass by the generally accepted definition because they contain carbon that has been “out” of the modern carbon cycle.The composition of biomass is mainly carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen and small quantities of other elements can also be fou
33、nd.The ISO 19984 series specifies methods for the determination of the biobased content of rubber and rubber products. The results will give manufacturers and users a quantitative indication of their contribution to the preservation of the environment.ISO 19984-1 specifies how to categorize constitu
34、ents of rubber and rubber products and also how to calculate the biobased content using the compound formulation and the chemical structure of each constituent.ISO 19984-2 specifies how to determine the biobased carbon content by radio chemical analyses, i.e. determination of 14C. It can be obtained
35、 from the fraction of carbon atoms derived from biomass against the whole amount of carbon atoms in the rubber or rubber products. The methods specified in ISO 19984-2 allow consumers to determine the biobased carbon content even when the formulation of the rubber is unavailable.ISO 19984-3 specifie
36、s how to separate rubber compounds into constituents, how to obtain each constituents composition ratio and how to determine the biobased carbon content of each constituent by chemical analyses. Thus, the biobased mass content for each constituent can be derived and the biobased mass content for the
37、 whole rubber can be obtained by summing up all the constituent values. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 19984-2:2017BS ISO 19984-2:2017Rubber and rubber products Determination of biobased content Part 2: Biobased carbon contentWARNING 1 Persons using this document should be familiar with normal
38、 laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions.WARNING 2 Certain proced
39、ures specified in this document might involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use.1 ScopeThis document specifies measuring me
40、thods for the determination of biobased carbon contents in rubber and rubber products, including polyurethanes. The methods focus on carbon atoms in rubber or rubber products, and determine whether the carbon-containing component is biobased or not judging from the concentration of 14C, radiocarbon
41、isotope.This document applies to rubber and rubber products such as raw materials, materials and final products.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, o
42、nly the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 123, Rubber latex SamplingISO 124, Latex, rubber Determination of total solids contentISO 1382, Rubber VocabularyISO 1795, Rubber, raw natural and raw synthetic
43、 Sampling and further preparative proceduresISO 4661-2, Rubber, vulcanized Preparation of samples and test pieces Part 2: Chemical testsISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes SamplingISO 19242, Rubber Determination of total sulfur content by ion chromatographyISO 199
44、84-1, Rubber and rubber products Determination of biobased content Part 1: General principles and calculation methods using the formulation of the rubber compound3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1382 and ISO 19984-1 and the following ap
45、ply.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19984-2:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 19984-2:2017ISO 19984-2:2017(E)ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsin
46、g platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp3.1percent modern carbonpMCnormalized and standardized value for the amount of the 14C isotope in a sample, calculated relative to the standardized and normalized 14C isotope amount of oxalic acid standard reference material, SRM 4990c1)Note 1 to
47、 entry: The reference value of 100 % biobased carbon is given in Table 2.3.214C activityrelative concentration of radiocarbon 14C expressed as a counting of -irradiation from the decayed radiocarbon atoms per minuteNote 1 to entry: The unit of 14C activity is “dpm” (decay per minute).Note 2 to entry
48、: The 14C activity is determined relatively using standard reference material (SRM 4990c) whose 14C activity is set at 13,56 dpm.4 PrincipleThis document specifies those methods to determine the biobased carbon contents derived from biomass resources.When the formulation of the rubber product is ava
49、ilable, the biobased carbon content can be calculated (see ISO 19984-1). The biobased carbon content is defined as the amount of biobased carbon to the total carbon in rubber or rubber products as Formula (1):BTC BBFNB=+CCCC100 (1)whereBTCis the biobased carbon content (%);CB,CFand CNBare the mass of biobased, fossil-based and non-biobased carbon, respectively.When there is no available information for the rubber or the rubber product, the biobased carbon content can be de
