1、BS ISO 22262-3:2016Air quality Bulk materialsPart 3: Quantitative determination ofasbestos by X-ray diffraction methodBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 22262-3:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation o
2、f ISO 22262-3:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a co
3、ntract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 82539 2ICS 13.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the aut
4、hority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 22262-3:2016 ISO 2016Air quality Bulk materials Part 3: Quantitative determination of asbestos by X-ray diffraction methodQualit de lair Matriaux solides Par
5、tie 3: Dosage quantitatif de lamiante par la mthode de diffraction des rayons XINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO22262-3First edition2016-10-01Reference numberISO 22262-3:2016(E)BS ISO 22262-3:2016ISO 22262-3:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerlan
6、dAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requeste
7、d from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 22262-3:2016ISO 22262-3:2016(E)Foreword vIntroductio
8、n vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Range 35 Limit of quantification 36 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 47 Requirements for quantification . 48 Apparatus and reagents 58.1 Apparatus 58.2 Reagents 69 Quantitative XRD method and principle 79.1 Quantitative XRD methods u
9、sing an external standard . 79.2 Summary of the quantitative method . 79.3 Preparation of working curve and measurement . 89.4 Interference minerals 910 Preparation of comminuted sample 910.1 Preparation of comminuted sample from original sample . 910.2 Heat treatment of comminuted samples that cont
10、ain organic constituents . 910.3 Pretreatment for preparation of residual samples .1010.4 Preparation of sub-residual samples 1111 Diffraction peaks for analysis of asbestos and of interference materials 1111.1 Diffraction peaks for quantitative analysis of asbestos 1111.2 Interference minerals . 15
11、11.2.1 Possible interference minerals . 1511.2.2 Mass reduction treatments for dissolving interference minerals 1612 Quantitative analysis by XRD employing substrate standard mass absorption correction 1612.1 General 1612.2 Preparation of working curve . 1712.2.1 Preparation of working curve I 1712.
12、2.2 Preparation of working curve II 1712.3 Procedure for quantitative analysis . 1812.4 Calculation of asbestos mass fraction 1812.4.1 Calculation of asbestos mass fraction from a residual sample .1812.4.2 Calculation of the asbestos mass fraction from a sub-residual sample .1912.5 Lower limits of d
13、etection and quantitative determination for the working curve .1912.6 Evaluation of uncertainty of XRD measurement 2013 Test report 20Annex A (normative) X-ray diffractometer parameters for quantitative analysis of asbestos .22Annex B (normative) Substrate standard mass absorption correction for asb
14、estos quantification 26Annex C (informative) Types of commercial asbestos-containing materials and optimum analytical procedures .27Annex D (informative) Effects of matrix reduction methods .38 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 22262-3:2016ISO 22262-3:2016(E)Annex E (informative) R
15、ange of typical detection limits and evaluation of uncertainty of quantitative XRD measurements by XRD method 41Bibliography .45iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 22262-3:2016ISO 22262-3:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
16、standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
17、 organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for
18、 its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org
19、/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be i
20、n the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions re
21、lated to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 3, Ambient atm
22、ospheres.ISO 22262 consists of the following parts, under the general title Air quality Bulk materials: Part 1: Sampling and qualitative determination of asbestos in commercial bulk materials Part 2: Quantitative determination of asbestos by gravimetric and microscopical methods Part 3: Quantitative
23、 determination of asbestos by X-ray diffraction method ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 22262-3:2016ISO 22262-3:2016(E)IntroductionIn the past, asbestos was used in a wide range of products. Materials containing high proportions of asbestos were used in buildings and in industry for fireproofing
24、, thermal insulation and acoustic insulation. Asbestos was also used to reinforce materials and to improve fracture and bending characteristics. A large proportion of the asbestos produced was used in asbestos-cement products. These include flat sheets, tiles and corrugated sheets for roofing, pipes
25、 and open troughs for collection of rainwater and pressure pipes for supply of potable water. Asbestos was also incorporated into products such as decorative coatings and plasters, glues, sealants and resins, floor tiles, gaskets and road paving. In some products, asbestos was incorporated to modify
26、 rheological properties, for example in the manufacture of ceiling tile panels and oil drilling muds.While the asbestos concentration in some products can be very high and in some cases approaches 100 %, in other products the concentrations of asbestos used were significantly lower and often between
27、 1 % and 15 %. In some ceiling tile panels, the concentration of asbestos used was close to 1 %. There are only a few known materials in which the asbestos concentration used was less than 1 %. Some adhesives, sealing compounds and fillers were manufactured in which asbestos concentrations were lowe
28、r than 1 %. There are no known commercially manufactured materials in which any one of the common asbestos varieties (chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite or anthophyllite) was intentionally added at concentrations lower than 0,1 %.ISO 22262-1 specifies the procedures for collection of samples and quali
29、tative analysis of asbestos in commercial bulk materials using microscopical methods such as polarized light microscopy (PLM). ISO 22262-2 specifies the procedures for the determination of asbestos mass fractions in bulk materials by microscopical methods.This part of ISO 22262 specifies the analyti
30、cal procedures for the quantitative determination of asbestos by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The procedure employs a substrate standard mass absorption correction method to quantify asbestos that was previously identified by the microscopical method in ISO 22262-1. While the XRD method is useful
31、 for qualitative analysis of crystalline substances in powder samples by measurement of diffraction patterns that can be related to crystal structure, XRD analysis cannot distinguish between different morphological habits of the same mineral. Thus, XRD cannot discriminate between the asbestiform and
32、 non-asbestiform analogues of serpentine and the amphiboles. Furthermore, the primary diffraction peaks for different amphiboles lie within a very narrow range and it is not possible to quantify individual amphiboles when a mixture of amphiboles is present. Diffraction peaks appearing in XRD pattern
33、s of the asbestos-forming minerals are considered to be “possible peaks of asbestos”, assumed to represent the asbestos detected during analysis in ISO 22262-1. However, if non-asbestiform serpentine or non-asbestiform amphibole minerals are present in the sample matrix, the “possible peaks of asbes
34、tos” will represent them. Accordingly, this method is not intended for application to samples in which non-asbestiform serpentine or non-asbestiform amphibole minerals are present.A conventional XRD method, which employs a powder sample mounted in a powder specimen holder and a scintillation counter
35、, can quantify a crystalline material at a concentration of approximately 1 %. The XRD method using a substrate standard mass absorption correction method employed in this part of ISO 22262 can detect the diffraction peaks of chrysotile asbestos from quantities as low as 0,01 mg on a membrane filter
36、 of 2 cm2area 0,01 mg/filter (2 cm2) as shown in References 13 and 14. The amount of sample on the filter is limited to 15 mg due to the limit of the X-ray absorption correction. In this method, gravimetric matrix reduction procedures are used to reduce the matrix constituents and interference miner
37、als in a 100 mg comminuted sample. When the matrix reduction achieves a residual ratio of 10 % or lower, the XRD method can provide a limit of detection of 0,01 wt% and the limit of quantification can be as low as 0,03 wt%. When the matrix reduction is less effective and the residual ratio is over 1
38、0 % of the initial 100 mg sample, a sub-divided 10 mg to 15 mg sample is taken from the residual sample. In the case where none or very little of the matrix is reduced, the limit of detection can increase up to approximately 0,1 % and the limit of quantification can increase up to approximately 0,3
39、%. When matrix reduction achieves a residual ratio of approximately 30 % of the original weight, the limit of quantification is approximately 0,1 %. These limits of detection and quantification are further vi ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 22262-3:2016ISO 22262-3:2016(E)degraded if interference
40、X-ray peaks or high background X-ray intensities from matrix materials are present.The XRD method specified in this part of ISO 22262 is based on NIOSH 9000-1/716, NIOSH 7500-1/1017, EPA/600/R-93/11618and JIS A 1481-3.19 ISO 2016 All rights reserved viiBS ISO 22262-3:2016BS ISO 22262-3:2016Air quali
41、ty Bulk materials Part 3: Quantitative determination of asbestos by X-ray diffraction method1 ScopeThis part of ISO 22262 is primarily intended for quantitative analysis of samples in which asbestos has been identified at estimated mass fractions lower than approximately 5 % by weight.This part of I
42、SO 22262 extends the applicability and limit of detection of quantitative analysis by the use of simple procedures of ashing and/or acid treatment prior to XRD quantification.This part of ISO 22262 is applicable to the asbestos-containing materials identified in ISO 22262-1. The following are exampl
43、es of sample matrices:a) any building materials in which asbestos was detected by the analysis in ISO 22262-1;b) resilient floor tiles, asphaltic materials, roofing felts and any other materials in which asbestos is embedded in an organic matrix and in which asbestos was detected when using ISO 2226
44、2-1;c) wall and ceiling plasters, with or without aggregate, in which asbestos was detected when using ISO 22262-1.If non-asbestiform serpentine or non-asbestiform amphibole minerals are included in the matrix, the XRD peaks that are assumed to be “possible peaks of asbestos” will represent these mi
45、nerals. This method is not for application to natural minerals that may contain asbestos or any products that incorporate such natural minerals. This method is intended only for application to building material samples that contain deliberately added commercial grade asbestos including tremolite asb
46、estos.This part of ISO 22262 is intended for use by analysts who are familiar with X-ray diffraction methods and the other analytical procedures specified in the References 5 and 6. It is not the intention of this part of ISO 22262 to provide basic instruction in the fundamental analytical procedure
47、s.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amen
48、dments) applies.ISO 22262-1:2012, Air quality Bulk materials Part 1: Sampling and qualitative determination of asbestos in commercial bulk materialsISO 22262-2:2014, Air quality Bulk materials Part 2: Quantitative determination of asbestos by gravimetric and microscopical methods3 Terms and definiti
49、onsFor the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22262-3:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 22262-3:2016ISO 22262-3:2016(E)3.1asbestiformspecific type of mineral fibrosity in which the fibres and fibrils possess high tensile strength and flexibilitySOURCE: ISO 13794:1999, 2.63.2asbestosterm applied to a group of silicate minerals belonging to the serpentine and amphibole groups which have crystallized in the asbestiform habit, causing them to be
