1、BS ISO 24624:2016Language resourcemanagement Transcriptionof spoken languageBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 24624:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 24624:2016.The UK participation in its
2、 preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee TS/1, Terminology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication
3、. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 84640 3ICS 01.140.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on
4、31 August 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 24624:2016 ISO 2016Language resource management Transcription of spoken languageGestion des ressources linguistiques Transcription du langage parlINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO24624First edition2016-08-15Refer
5、ence numberISO 24624:2016(E)BS ISO 24624:2016ISO 24624:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means
6、, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214
7、Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 24624:2016ISO 24624:2016(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Metadata . 24.1 Description of the electronic file () . 24.1.1 Distribution infor
8、mation () . 24.1.2 Recording information (). 24.2 Description of circumstances () 44.2.1 Participant information () 44.2.2 Setting information () 44.3 Description of source () . 55 Macrostructure 55.1 Timeline () . 55.2 Utterances () . 65.3 Free dependent annotations (, ) 75.4 Grouping of utterances
9、 and dependent annotations () . 95.5 Independent elements outside utterances ( and ) .105.6 Inline paralinguistic annotation () 105.7 Global divisions of a transcription () 116 Microstructure .126.1 Tokens () . 126.1.1 Characterization 126.1.2 Representation as 126.1.3 Further constraints .136.1.4 E
10、xamples 136.2 Pauses () . 146.2.1 Characterization 146.2.2 Representation as 146.2.3 Further constraints .146.2.4 Examples 156.3 Audible and visible non-speech events (, and ) 156.3.1 Characterization 156.3.2 Representation as , or .166.3.3 Examples 166.4 Punctuation () 176.4.1 Characterization 176.
11、4.2 Representation as . 176.4.3 Further constraints .176.4.4 Examples 186.5 Uncertainty, alternatives, incomprehensible and omitted passages (, , ) 186.5.1 Characterization 186.5.2 Representation as or .186.5.3 Further constraints .186.5.4 Examples 196.6 Units above the token and below the level ()
12、206.6.1 Characterization 206.6.2 Representation as 206.6.3 Further constraints .206.6.4 Examples 20 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 24624:2016ISO 24624:2016(E)Annex A (informative) Fully encoded example .22Annex B (informative) Element and attribute index .28Bibliography .31iv IS
13、O 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 24624:2016ISO 24624:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committ
14、ees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Int
15、ernational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the di
16、fferent types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO sh
17、all not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document
18、is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Techn
19、ical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content resources, Subcommittee SC 4, Language resource management. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 24624:2016ISO 24624:
20、2016(E)IntroductionThis document sets out to facilitate the interchange of transcriptions of spoken language between different computational tools and environments for creating, editing, publishing and exploiting such data. Transcription of spoken language in this context means an orthography-based
21、transcription of verbal activity as recorded in an audio or video recording of a natural interaction. The description of activity in other modalities (e.g. body language, gestures and facial expression) may be part of a spoken language transcription, but this document starts from the assumption that
22、 the verbal dimension is the primary focus of a spoken language transcription. Likewise, although this document may also be relevant for transcription based on phonetic alphabets like the IPA, the assumption for this document is that orthography-based transcription is the default case.This document
23、is developed in the context of the joint agreement between ISO and the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) consortium, and accordingly, its content is also distributed as part of the TEI guidelines.23This document takes into account data models and encoding practices supported by widely used transcriptio
24、n software. More specifically, it builds on several interoperability studies12,16,17,19involving the following tools: ANVIL10 CLAN11 ELAN22 EXMARaLDA20 FOLKER18 Transcriber1This document was developed to be compatible with the formats produced by these tools. The compatibility may extend to the form
25、ats of further labelling tools (e.g. Praat4or Wavesurfer, h t t p :/www.speech.kth.se/wavesurfer/index2.html), but possibly on a lower level and/or with a requirement to convert these formats to one of the above-mentioned before adding mandatory information (e.g. speaker assignment) using the respec
26、tive tools.This document also aims to be usable with widely used transcription systems (“conventions”). However, in a technical sense, compatibility is not easily definable in this area since, unlike the tool formats, most of these systems lack an explicit formalization. The following selection of t
27、ranscription systems was considered for this document: Codes for the Human Analysis of Transcripts (CHAT)11 Discourse Transcription (DT)7 Gesprchsanalytisches Transkriptionssystem (GAT)21 Halbinterpretative Arbeitstranskriptionen (HIAT)13Since TEI is the reference framework for this document and met
28、adata is not its main concern, no attempt is made here to address metadata compatibility issues beyond the TEI header. However, it should be noted that there are several TEI profiles for the CMDI framework which are related both to each other and to CMDI profiles of other metadata formats (e.g. IMDI
29、) via the ISOCAT registry (see also References 5, 6 and 9).This document aims to define both a target format for legacy data conversion and a format suitable for future data processing requirements. The pros and cons of these two demands were carefully weighed up before decisions were taken. At some
30、 points, certain techniques are therefore marked as preferred vi ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 24624:2016ISO 24624:2016(E)from a data processing point of view while an alternative technique is still allowed if the structure of legacy data makes its use unavoidable.With regard to the other stand
31、ards developed within ISO committee TC 37/SC 4, this document is intended to provide the primary layer on top of which further annotation layers may be implemented. In particular, the use of the element for tokenizing a transcription is conformable to the TEI-based representation of tokens ISO 24611
32、 (MAF).This document also aligns with the mechanism proposed in the TEI guidelines to embed stand-off annotations within a TEI document. In particular, this mechanism contains a generic element () that groups together annotations related to the same linguistic segment; this grouping meets the needs
33、of this document in the case of annotations of elements or its children.Finally, this document is complementary and does not overlap with the speech and multimodal interaction-related standards developed within the W3C. In particular, it does not deal with speech synthesis as is the case for SSML,24
34、nor does it deal with the representation of the semantic interpretation of multimodal utterances as does EMMA.25 ISO 2016 All rights reserved viiBS ISO 24624:2016BS ISO 24624:2016Language resource management Transcription of spoken language1 ScopeThis document specifies rules for representing transc
35、riptions of audio- and video-recorded spoken interactions in XML documents based on the guidelines of the TEI. As a secondary objective, the document aims to relate transcribed data with standards for annotated corpora. It is applicable to transcription data for studies in sociolinguistics, conversa
36、tion analysis, dialectology, corpus linguistics, corpus lexicography, language technology, qualitative social studies and other transcription data of recorded spoken language. It is not applicable to other forms of transcription, most importantly transcriptions of hand-written manuscripts.Annex A gi
37、ves a fully encoded example and Annex B provides an element index and an attribute index.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological da
38、tabases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp3.1dependent annotationannotation which does not refer directly to an audio or video recording, but to another ann
39、otation, typically an orthographic or phonetic transcription3.2milestone elementempty XML element used to indicate a boundary point3.3orthographic transcriptionrepresentation or modelling of spoken language based on the orthography of the respective language3.4paralinguistic featurefeature of spoken
40、 language beyond the individual sound(s), such as voice quality, pitch, volume, intonation3.5phonetic transcriptionrepresentation or modelling of spoken language based on the sound system of the respective language3.6spoken languageoral language produced by a persons vocal systemINTERNATIONAL STANDA
41、RD ISO 24624:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 24624:2016ISO 24624:2016(E)3.7transcriberperson who carries out the transcription3.8transcriptionrepresentation or modelling of spoken language by means of written symbols3.9transcription systemtheoretically founded set of principles and rule
42、s detailing what spoken language phenomena are to be transcribed, and how they are to be transcribed4 MetadataThe TEI guidelines formulate extensive suggestions for encoding metadata inside different subsections of the element. The following section addresses only those pieces of metadata which are
43、either (i) crucial for ensuring the interpretability and exchangeability of spoken language transcriptions in general or (ii) likely to be relevant in a large majority of cases. This does not preclude the possibility of, or necessity for, encoding further metadata inside the element.4.1 Description
44、of the electronic file ()4.1.1 Distribution information ()The element inside the section of the should be used to record information about access rights and contact information for the transcription in question.EXAMPLE 1 Use of Hamburger Zentrum fr SprachkorporaAvailable free for research and teachi
45、ng purposes.No redistributing allowed. Hamburger Zentrum fr SprachkorporaMax Brauer-Allee 6022765HamburgGermany4.1.2 Recording information ()The element inside the section of the should be used to record information about the transcribed recording(s). Only the actual recording(s), usually digital au
46、dio and/or video files, should be described here. General information about the respective interaction which is independent of the recording(s) should be described in the element (see 4.2.2).2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 24624:2016ISO 24624:2016(E)A element inside a element should be used to
47、refer to the corresponding digital file via a url attribute (see Reference 2). A type attribute on should be used to indicate the media type of the recording; audio and video are the permissible values for that attribute. The actual digital file type should be encoded as a mimeType attribute (see Re
48、ference 8) on the element. Where two or more files are derived from the same master recording (e.g. a video file or an extracted audio track), these should be represented as different elements inside the same element, rather than as different elements. TEI linking mechanisms, such as or corresp, can
49、 be used to describe relationships between different recordings or between recordings and other elements, such as speakers.EXAMPLE 2 Use of Parkinson Talkshow on BBC, broadcast on 02 November 2007Video excerpt downloaded from YouTube with aTube-Catcher, convertedinto MPG format with Adobe PremiereAudio extracted from video with Audacity 1.3 betaRecorded with a ZOOM H4NSP, external lapel microphoneclipped to Victoria Beckhams dressSynchronized with David Beckhams record-ingReco
