1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 26872:2010Space systems Disposalof satellites operating atgeosynchronous altitudeBS ISO 26872:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK impleme
2、ntation of ISO 26872:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/68/-/3, Space systems and operations - Operationsand Ground Support.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not pur
3、port to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 57841 0ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards
4、 Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 26872:2010Reference numberISO 26872:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO26872First edition2010-09-15Space systems Disposal of satellites operating at geosynchronous altitude Systmes spa
5、tiaux limination des satellites oprant une altitude gostionnaire BS ISO 26872:2010ISO 26872:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embed
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8、em relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ
9、ing photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Publishe
10、d in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 26872:2010ISO 26872:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 2 4.1 Symbols2 4.2 Abbreviated terms .2 5 Geosynchro
11、nous region.3 6 Protected region 3 7 Primary requirements .5 7.1 Disposal manoeuvre planning .5 7.2 Probability of successful disposal 6 7.3 Criteria for executing disposal action.6 7.4 Contingency planning.6 8 Disposal planning requirements6 8.1 General .6 8.2 Estimating propellant reserves6 8.3 Co
12、mputing the initial perigee increase .7 8.4 Developing basic manoeuvre requirements for a stable disposal orbit7 8.5 Developing long-term (100-year) disposal orbit characteristics 7 8.6 Determining the manoeuvre sequence .8 8.7 Developing a vehicle securing plan 8 8.8 Developing a contingency plan .
13、8 Annex A (informative) Tabulated values of the optimal eccentricity vector.9 Annex B (informative) Optimal manoeuvre sequences 31 Annex C (informative) Example calculations .37 Annex D (informative) Disposal strategy and analysis for sample GEO satellite 43 Annex E (informative) Discussion of condi
14、tional probability.50 Bibliography53 BS ISO 26872:2010ISO 26872:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normal
15、ly carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
16、 work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare I
17、nternational Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o
18、f the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 26872 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. BS ISO 26872:2
19、010ISO 26872:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard prescribes requirements for planning and executing manoeuvres and operations to remove an operating satellite from geosynchronous orbit at the end of its mission and place it in an orbit for final disposal wh
20、ere it will not pose a future hazard to satellites operating in the geosynchronous ring. This International Standard includes requirements related to the following: when the disposal action needs to be initiated, selecting the final disposal orbit, executing the disposal action successfully, and dep
21、leting all energy sources to prevent explosions after disposal. End-of-mission disposal of an Earth-orbiting satellite broadly means the following: a) removing the satellite from the region of space where other satellites are operating, so as not to interfere or collide with these other users of spa
22、ce in the future, and b) ensuring that the disposed object is left in an inert state and is incapable of generating an explosive event that could release debris which might threaten operating satellites1). For satellites operating in the geosynchronous belt, the most effective means of disposal is f
23、irst to re-orbit the satellite to a super-synchronous orbit above the region of operating spacecraft and the manoeuvre corridor used for relocating operating satellites to new longitudinal slots, and then to discharge batteries and vent propellants and take other actions to preclude a debris-produci
24、ng event. 1) Further information will be provided in the future International Standard, ISO 16127. BS ISO 26872:2010BS ISO 26872:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 26872:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Space systems Disposal of satellites operating at geosynchronous altitude IMPORTANT The electron
25、ic file of this document contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of the document. Users should therefore consider printing this document using a colour printer. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements for the following: planning for disposa
26、l of satellites operating at geosynchronous altitude to ensure that final disposal is sufficiently characterized and that adequate propellant will be reserved for the manoeuvre; selecting final disposal orbits where the satellite will not re-enter the operational region within the next 100 years; ex
27、ecuting the disposal manoeuvre successfully; depleting all energy sources on board the vehicle before the end of its life to minimize the possibility of an event that can produce debris. This International Standard provides techniques for planning and executing the disposal of space hardware that re
28、flect current internationally accepted guidelines and consider current operational procedures and best practices. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated refere
29、nces, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 24113:2010, Space systems Space debris mitigation requirements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 24113 and the following apply. 3.1 inclination
30、excursion region region in space occupied either by a non-operational geostationary satellite or by an operational geosynchronous satellite without inclination station-keeping 3.2 re-orbit manoeuvre action of moving a satellite to a new orbit BS ISO 26872:2010ISO 26872:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights
31、reserved3.3 satellite manufactured object or vehicle intended to orbit the earth, the moon or another celestial body 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 4.1 Symbols a semi-major axis CRsolar radiation pressure coefficient of the spacecraft2)(0 0,03), the solar radiation pressure force became dominant an
32、d the optimal angle was directed toward the sun. BS ISO 26872:2010ISO 26872:2010(E) 10 ISO 2010 All rights reservedTable A.1 Optimal eccentricity vector for CR A/m = 0,00 m2/kg, CR A/m = 0,005 m2/kg and CR A/m = 0,01 m2/kg LSCR A/m = 0,00 m2/kg CR A/m = 0,005 m2/kg CR A/m = 0,01 m2/kg Year Month ()
33、e + e + e + 2006 1 281 0,000 115 132,3 0,000 065 142,3 0,000 090 177,3 2 314 0,000 140 112,3 0,000 115 102,3 0,000 065 102,3 3 341 0,000 140 117,3 0,000 115 117,3 0,000 115 92,3 4 10 0,000 140 142,3 0,000 115 132,3 0,000 090 117,3 5 38 0,000 140 162,3 0,000 115 147,3 0,000 090 127,3 6 68 0,000 115 1
34、77,3 0,000 115 167,3 0,000 090 122,3 7 99 0,000 065 167,3 0,000 090 122,3 0,000 140 117,3 8 131 0,000 090 142,3 0,000 140 137,3 0,000 190 137,3 9 160 0,000 115 157,3 0,000 165 157,3 0,000 215 157,3 10 187 0,000 090 167,3 0,000 140 172,3 0,000 215 177,3 11 216 0,000 090 187,3 0,000 140 202,3 0,000 21
35、5 207,3 12 246 0,000 165 177,3 0,000 115 207,3 0,000 165 222,3 2007 1 281 0,000 140 187,3 0,000 140 207,3 0,000 140 222,3 2 314 0,000 165 207,3 0,000 165 217,3 0,000 165 232,3 3 341 0,000 165 212,3 0,000 115 227,3 0,000 115 242,3 4 10 0,000 090 217,3 0,000 065 237,3 0,000 040 257,3 5 37 0,000 040 19
36、2,3 0,000 015 167,3 0,000 015 147,3 6 68 0,000 115 192,3 0,000 090 172,3 0,000 115 162,3 7 99 0,000 140 202,3 0,000 165 192,3 0,000 140 177,3 8 130 0,000 190 222,3 0,000 165 212,3 0,000 140 197,3 9 159 0,000 165 237,3 0,000 165 222,3 0,000 190 207,3 10 186 0,000 115 207,3 0,000 165 212,3 0,000 240 2
37、12,3 11 215 0,000 190 227,3 0,000 240 227,3 0,000 290 227,3 12 246 0,000 165 232,3 0,000 215 237,3 0,000 290 242,3 2008 1 280 0,000 115 237,3 0,000 165 252,3 0,000 215 252,3 2 313 0,000 090 222,3 0,000 115 247,3 0,000 140 262,3 3 342 0,000 115 227,3 0,000 090 252,3 0,000 115 272,3 4 10 0,000 140 227
38、,3 0,000 115 242,3 0,000 065 267,3 5 38 0,000 190 237,3 0,000 115 242,3 0,000 090 252,3 6 69 0,000 165 247,3 0,000 115 247,3 0,000 040 242,3 7 100 0,000 140 237,3 0,000 115 227,3 0,000 140 212,3 8 131 0,000 215 237,3 0,000 240 232,3 0,000 215 222,3 9 160 0,000 215 252,3 0,000 165 242,3 0,000 165 232
39、,3 10 187 0,000 140 262,3 0,000 165 247,3 0,000 190 237,3 11 216 0,000 215 247,3 0,000 115 252,3 0,000 165 242,3 12 247 0,000 090 237,3 0,000 140 242,3 0,000 190 247,3 BS ISO 26872:2010ISO 26872:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 11Table A.1 (continued) LSCR A/m = 0,00 m2/kg CR A/m = 0,005 m2/kg C
40、R A/m = 0,01 m2/kg Year Month () e + e + e + 2009 1 280 0,000 140 242,3 0,000 165 252,3 0,000 265 257,3 2 313 0,000 165 257,3 0,000 190 267,3 0,000 265 272,3 3 342 0,000 165 262,3 0,000 190 272,3 0,000 215 287,3 4 10 0,000 115 262,3 0,000 115 287,3 0,000 140 312,3 5 38 0,000 115 252,3 0,000 065 267,
41、3 0,000 040 347,3 6 69 0,000 115 272,3 0,000 065 282,3 0,000 040 287,3 7 100 0,000 090 287,3 0,000 040 277,3 0,000 015 272,3 8 131 0,000 015 292,3 0,000 015 342,3 0,000 015 192,3 9 160 0,000 040 267,3 0,000 040 227,3 0,000 090 222,3 10 187 0,000 140 297,3 0,000 115 247,3 0,000 115 237,3 11 216 0,000
42、 115 282,3 0,000 140 272,3 0,000 165 262,3 12 247 0,000 090 302,3 0,000 115 287,3 0,000 165 277,3 2010 1 280 0,000 040 33 2,3 0,000 040 277,3 0,000 115 282,3 2 313 0,000 065 282,3 0,000 090 297,3 0,000 165 297,3 3 341 0,000 040 302,3 0,000 090 312,3 0,000 140 307,3 4 10 0,000 065 332,3 0,000 090 342
43、,3 0,000 140 347,3 5 38 0,000 090 352,3 0,000 115 7,3 0,000 165 7,3 6 68 0,000 090 22,3 0,000 115 27,3 0,000 140 37,3 7 99 0,000 065 27,3 0,000 090 47,3 0,000 115 57,3 8 131 0,000 015 337,3 0,000 040 67,3 0,000 065 77,3 9 160 0,000 065 342,3 0,000 015 352,3 0,000 015 322,3 10 187 0,000 090 7,3 0,000
44、 040 7,3 0,000 015 7,3 11 216 0,000 140 37,3 0,000 090 32,3 0,000 040 32,3 12 246 0,000 140 47,3 0,000 065 32,3 0,000 040 17,3 2011 1 279 0,000 140 27,3 0,000 140 12,3 0,000 140 357,3 2 313 0,000 215 42,3 0,000 190 27,3 0,000 215 17,3 3 341 0,000 215 47,3 0,000 215 32,3 0,000 265 27,3 4 10 0,000 165
45、 57,3 0,000 215 52,3 0,000 240 42,3 5 37 0,000 115 57,3 0,000 165 57,3 0,000 215 52,3 6 68 0,000 115 42,3 0,000 165 52,3 0,000 215 57,3 7 99 0,000 190 37,3 0,000 190 47,3 0,000 215 57,3 8 130 0,000 265 47,3 0,000 265 57,3 0,000 265 62,3 9 159 0,000 265 62,3 0,000 265 72,3 0,000 290 77,3 10 186 0,000
46、 215 62,3 0,000 165 72,3 0,000 140 92,3 11 215 0,000 265 57,3 0,000 190 57,3 0,000 165 62,3 12 246 0,000 265 62,3 0,000 190 62,3 0,000 140 62,3 BS ISO 26872:2010ISO 26872:2010(E) 12 ISO 2010 All rights reservedTable A.1 (continued) LSCR A/m = 0,00 m2/kg CR A/m = 0,005 m2/kg CR A/m = 0,01 m2/kg Year
47、Month () e + e + e + 2012 1 279 0,000 240 72,3 0,000 190 67,3 0,000 140 57,3 2 312 0,000 190 67,3 0,000 190 57,3 0,000 165 42,3 3 342 0,000 190 67,3 0,000 215 52,3 0,000 215 42,3 4 10 0,000 240 62,3 0,000 265 57,3 0,000 340 52,3 5 38 0,000 315 67,3 0,000 340 62,3 0,000 415 62,3 6 69 0,000 315 77,3 0
48、,000 365 77,3 0,000 415 72,3 7 100 0,000 240 72,3 0,000 290 77,3 0,000 390 82,3 8 131 0,000 315 72,3 0,000 340 77,3 0,000 365 82,3 9 160 0,000 340 82,3 0,000 340 87,3 0,000 340 92,3 10 187 0,000 290 87,3 0,000 290 97,3 0,000 265 107,3 11 216 0,000 215 87,3 0,000 215 102,3 0,000 190 112,3 12 247 0,00
49、0 215 82,3 0,000 140 82,3 0,000 090 87,3 2013 1 279 0,000 290 77,3 0,000 240 72,3 0,000 190 62,3 2 312 0,000 340 82,3 0,000 315 77,3 0,000 290 72,3 3 342 0,000 340 87,3 0,000 340 82,3 0,000 315 77,3 4 10 0,000 315 97,3 0,000 290 87,3 0,000 315 77,3 5 38 0,000 290 92,3 0,000 315 87,3 0,000 365 82,3 6 69 0,000 315 97,3 0,000 390 97,3 0,000 415 92,3 7 100 0,000 290 107,3 0,000 340 102,3 0,000 390 102,3 8 131 0,000 240 112,3 0,000 290 112,3 0,000 340 117,3 9 160 0,0
