1、BS ISO 27913:2016Carbon dioxide capture,transportation andgeological storage Pipelinetransportation systemsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 27913:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 27913:2
2、016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PSE/265, Carbon Capture Transportation and Storage. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provis
3、ions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 84768 4 ICS 13.020.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was publish
4、ed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 27913:2016 ISO 2016Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage Pipeline transportation systemsCaptage du dioxyd
5、e de carbone, transport et stockage gologique Systmes de transport par conduitesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO27913First edition2016-11-01Reference numberISO 27913:2016(E)BS ISO 27913:2016ISO 27913:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll ri
6、ghts reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from
7、either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 27913:2016ISO 27913:2016(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope
8、 . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols, abbreviated terms and units 44.1 Symbols . 44.2 Abbreviated terms . 44.3 Units . 55 Properties of CO2, CO2streams and mixing of CO2streams influencing pipeline transportation . 55.1 General . 55.2 Pure CO2.55.2.1 Thermodynamics . 55.2
9、.2 Chemical reactions and corrosion 55.3 CO2streams . 55.3.1 Thermodynamics . 55.3.2 Chemical reactions . 65.4 Mixing of CO2streams 66 Concept development and design criteria . 66.1 General . 66.2 Safety philosophy 66.3 Design criteria . 76.4 Reliability and availability of CO2pipeline systems . 76.
10、5 Short-term storage reserve 76.6 Access to the pipeline system . 76.7 System design principles 76.7.1 General 76.7.2 Pressure control and overpressure protection system 76.8 Pipeline dehydration General principles . 86.8.1 Particular aspects related to CO286.8.2 Maximum water content . 86.8.3 Avoid
11、ance of hydrate formation . 86.8.4 Reliability and precision of pipeline dehydration . 86.9 Flow assurance . 86.9.1 Particular aspects related to CO2streams . 86.9.2 Thermo-hydraulic model 96.9.3 Pipeline design capacity 96.9.4 Reduced flow capacity .106.9.5 Available transport capacity . 106.9.6 CO
12、2temperature conditions . 106.9.7 Internal lining 106.9.8 External thermal insulation 106.9.9 Leak detection .106.10 Pipeline layout 116.10.1 Valve stations .116.10.2 Block valves .116.10.3 Check valves 116.10.4 Pumping and compressor stations116.10.5 Pigging stations and pigging . 116.10.6 Onshore
13、vent facility design 116.10.7 Offshore vent facilities .12 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 27913:2016ISO 27913:2016(E)7 Materials and pipeline design .127.1 Internal corrosion . 127.2 Line pipe materials . 127.2.1 General. 127.2.2 External coating .137.2.3 Non-metallic materials
14、137.2.4 Lubricants . 137.3 Wall thickness calculations . 137.3.1 Calculation principles Design loads 137.3.2 Determination of minimum wall thickness .147.3.3 Minimum wall thickness (tminDP) depending on internal pressure .147.3.4 Minimum wall thickness (tminHS) taking into account dynamic pressure a
15、lterations (hydraulic shock) . 147.3.5 Minimum wall thickness (tminDF) against ductile fracture .147.3.6 Fracture toughness .157.3.7 Overview 157.4 Additional measures . 177.4.1 Dynamic loads due to operation (alternating operation pressure) 177.4.2 Topographical profile 177.4.3 Fracture arrestors 1
16、77.4.4 Offshore pipelines 178 Construction .178.1 General 178.2 Pipeline pre-commissioning 178.2.1 Overview 178.2.2 Pipeline dewatering and drying 188.2.3 Preservation before pipeline commissioning 189 Operation 189.1 General 189.2 Pipeline commissioning . 189.2.1 First/initial/baseline inspection .
17、189.2.2 Initial filling and pressurization with product 189.2.3 Onshore vent facilities 189.2.4 Pipeline shut-in 199.2.5 Pipeline depressurization . 199.3 Inspection, monitoring and testing 199.3.1 General. 199.3.2 In line inspection procedure . 199.3.3 Monitoring of water content . 2010 Re-qualific
18、ation of existing pipelines for CO2service 20Annex A (informative) Composition of CO2streams .21Annex B (informative) CO2characteristics .24Annex C (informative) Internal corrosion and erosion 26Annex D (informative) Use of the modified Battelle Two-Curve Model.28Annex E (informative) Data requireme
19、nts for an integrity management plan .30Bibliography .32iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 27913:2016ISO 27913:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International St
20、andards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also
21、 take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In
22、 particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
23、 of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (s
24、ee www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence
25、to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 265, Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS I
26、SO 27913:2016ISO 27913:2016(E)IntroductionCarbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) has been identified as a key abatement technology for achieving a significant reduction in CO2emissions to the atmosphere. Pipelines are likely to be the primary means of transporting CO2from the point-of-captur
27、e to storage (e.g. depleted hydrocarbon formations, deep saline aquifers), where it will be retained permanently or used for other purposes e.g. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) to avoid its release to the atmosphere. While there is a perception that transporting CO2via pipelines does not represent a sig
28、nificant barrier to implementing large-scale CCS, there is significantly less industry experience than there is for hydrocarbon service (e.g. natural gas) and there are a number of issues that need to be adequately understood and the associated risks effectively managed to ensure safe transport of C
29、O2. In a CCS context, there could be a need for larger CO2pipeline systems in more densely populated areas and with CO2coming from multiple sources. Also, offshore pipelines for the transportation of CO2to offshore storage sites are likely to become common.The objective of this document is to provid
30、e requirements and recommendations on certain aspects of safe and reliable design, construction and operation of pipelines intended for the large scale transportation of CO2that are not already covered in existing pipeline standards such as ISO 13623, ASME B31.4, EN 1594, AS 2885 or other standards
31、(see Bibliography). Existing pipeline standards cover many of the issues related to the design and construction of CO2pipelines; however, there are some CO2specific issues that are not adequately covered in these standards. The purpose of this document is to cover these issues consistently. Hence, t
32、his document is not a standalone standard, but is written to be a supplement to other existing pipeline standards for natural gas or liquids for both onshore and offshore pipelines.Transport of CO2via ship, rail and road is not covered in this document.vi ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 27913:201
33、6ISO 27913:2016(E)12345152014131216 171068, 97, 96311Key1 source of CO2from capture, e.g. from power plant, 10 riser (out of transport scope)industry; see ISO/TR 27912 (capture) 11 subsea valve (inside transport scope)2 isolating joint 12 beach valve3 boundary limit 13 offshore pipeline4 other sourc
34、e of CO214 onshore pipeline5 ISO 27913 (transportation system inside) 15 valve6 boundary to storage facility 16 landfall7 onshore storage facility 17 open water/sea8 offshore storage facility 18 third party transport system9 EOR 19 export to other uses than 7, 8 and 920 intermediate compression or p
35、umpingFigure 1 Schematic illustration of the system boundaries of this document ISO 2016 All rights reserved viiBS ISO 27913:2016BS ISO 27913:2016Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage Pipeline transportation systems1 ScopeThis document specifies additional requirements and re
36、commendations not covered in existing pipeline standards for the transportation of CO2streams from the capture site to the storage facility where it is primarily stored in a geological formation or used for other purposes (e.g. for EOR or CO2use).This document applies to rigid metallic pipelines, pi
37、peline systems, onshore and offshore pipelines for the transportation of CO2streams, conversion of existing pipelines for the transportation of CO2streams, pipeline transportation of CO2streams for storage or utilization, and transportation of CO2in the gaseous and dense phases.The system boundary (
38、see Figure 1) between capture and transportation is the point at the inlet valve of the pipeline, where the composition, temperature and pressure of the CO2stream is within a certain specified range by the capture process or processes to meet the requirements for transportation as described in this
39、document.The boundary between transportation and storage is the point where the CO2stream leaves the transportation pipeline infrastructure and enters the storage infrastructure.This document also includes aspects of CO2stream quality assurance, as well as converging CO2streams from different source
40、s.Health, safety and environment aspects specific to CO2transport and monitoring are considered.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
41、cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3183:2012, Petroleum and natural gas industries Steel pipe for pipeline transportation systemsISO 20765-2, Natural gas Calculation of thermodynamic properties Part 2: Single-ph
42、ase properties (gas, liquid, and dense fluid) for extended ranges of application3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing
43、 platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 27913:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 27913:2016ISO 27913:2016(E)3.1arrest pressureinternal pipeline pressure where there is sufficient mechanical strength
44、to arrest or, there is not enough energy to drive a ductile fracture (3.8)3.2CO2streamstream consisting overwhelmingly of carbon dioxide3.3corrosion allowanceextra wall thickness added during design to compensate for any reduction in wall thickness by corrosion (internal/external) during the design
45、operational life3.4critical pointhighest temperature and pressure at which a pure substance (e.g. CO2) can exist as a gas and a liquid in equilibriumNote 1 to entry: For a multicomponent fluid mixture of a given composition, the critical point is the merge of the bubble and the dew point curves.3.5c
46、ritical pressurevapour pressure at the critical temperature (3.6)Note 1 to entry: The critical pressure for pure CO2is 7,28 MPag.3.6critical temperaturetemperature above which liquid cannot be formed simply by increasing the pressureNote 1 to entry: The critical temperature of pure CO2is 304,03 K.3.
47、7dense phaseCO2in its liquid or supercritical phases3.8ductile fracturemechanism which takes place by the propagation of a crack or stress-raising features, linked with a considerable amount of plastic deformationNote 1 to entry: A “ductile fracture” is sometimes referred to as “shear fracture”.3.9f
48、low coatinginternal coating to reduce internal roughness, and hence minimize friction pressure loss3.10fracture arrestoradditional pipeline component that may be installed around portions of a pipeline designed to resist propagating fracturesNote 1 to entry: Fracture arrestor is also called crack ar
49、restor.3.11free waterwater (pure water, water with dissolved salts, water wet salts, water glycol mixtures or other mixtures containing water) not dissolved in the gaseous or dense CO2phase, i.e. a separate water phase2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 27913:2016ISO 27913:2016(E)3.12internal claddingpipe with internal metal liner where the bond between the line pipe and liner is metallurgical3.13internal liningpipe with internal coating where the bond between the line pipe and coating is mechanical3.14maximum design temp
