1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 3341:2000 ICS 59.1
2、00.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Textile glass Yarns Determination of breaking force and breaking elongation This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the author
3、ity of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 June 2000 BSI 06-2000 ISBN 0 580 34614 5 BS ISO 3341:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 3341:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The
4、 UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/42, Fibre reinforced thermosetting plastics and prepegs, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretatio
5、n, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which imple
6、ment international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purpo
7、rt to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front co
8、ver, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed throughout this document indicates when the document was last issued.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3341 Thirdedition 2000-05-01 Referencenumber ISO3341:2000(E) TextileglassYarnsDeterminationof bre
9、akingforceandbreakingelongation Verre textile Fils Dtermination de la force de rupture et de lallongement la rupture en tractionISO3341:2000(E) ii ISO3341:2000(E)iii Contents Page 1 Scope. 1 2 Normativereferences. 1 3 Termsanddefinitions 1 4 Principle 2 5 Apparatus. 2 6 Conditioning 3 7 Specimens 3
10、8 Procedure. 5 9 Expressionofresults 5 10Precision 6 11Testreport 7ISO3341:2000(E) iv Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcom- mitt
11、ees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhasthe righttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliai- sonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC)
12、onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75
13、%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO3341waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC61, Plastics, Subcommitt
14、ee SC 13, Composites and reinforcement fibres. Thisthirdeditioncancelsandreplacesthesecondedition(ISO3341:1984),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO3341:2000(E)1 TextileglassYarnsDeterminationofbreakingforceand breakingelongation 1Scope 1.1ThisInternationalStandardspecifiesametho
15、dforthedeterminationofthetensilebreakingforceandelonga- tionatbreakofglassyarnstakenfrompackages. 1.2Themethodisapplicabletovarioustypesofglassyarn(single,folded,cabled,strands,structureswithouttwist, rovings,etc.).Itisbasicallyintendedforsingle,foldedandcabledglassyarnshavingadiameteroflessthan , o
16、ralineardensitylowerthan ,takenfrompackages.Heavieryarnsmaybealsotestedprovidingthetest conditionsareacceptabletoallinterestedparties. 1.3Themethodisnotapplicabletoglassyarnswhich,inequilibriumwiththestandardatmosphereandundera pre-tensionof ,areelongatedbymorethan .Suchyarnscanbetestedusingalowerpr
17、e-tension(for example or ),acceptabletoallinterestedparties.Thiswouldoccurmainlywhendealingwithsta- ple-fibreyarns. NOTE1Thoughthedeterminationmayberunonbeamedyarnoronyarnstakenfromfabrics,theresultsmustbeconsidered asindicativeonly. NOTE2Thistestmethodisprimarilyintendedformaterialcharacterizationa
18、ndqualitycontrol.Fibre-to-fibreabrasionandother factorssuchasinsufficientlyuniformtension(catenary)willincreasevariabilityandgeneratelowtestvalues.Thiswillconse- quentlyimpedeaccuratecorrelationbetweenperformanceoftheyarnsandenduseapplications.Extremecareshouldbetaken inconsideringthismethodforspeci
19、ficationpurposes. NOTE3ThoughthisInternationalStandardprovidesthepossibilityofdeterminingtheelongationatbreak,thispracticeisnot recommended,however.Indeed,acorrectassessmentoftheelongationwillonlybeobtainedusinganextensometer;itwillnotbe obtainedbymeasuringthedistancetraversedbythemovingclamp.Ontheo
20、therhand,experienceshowsthattheuseofanex- tensometerisquitedelicateandoftencausesdamagetothespecimen. 2Normativereferences Thefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsof thisInternationalStandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevi
21、sionsof,anyofthesepublica- tionsdonotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisInternationalStandardareencouragedtoinvesti- gatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.Forundated references,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.Membersof
22、ISOandIECmaintain registersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO291:1997, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. ISO1889:1997, Reinforcement yarns Determination of linear density. 3Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisInternationalStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinition
23、sapply. 3.1 breakingforce theforce(orload)requiredtobreakthetestspecimeninatensiletestcarriedtorupture,usuallyexpressedinnew- tons 2mm 2000tex 5mN/tex 0,5% 2,5mN/tex 1mN/texISO3341:2000(E) 2 3.2 breakingstrength thetensilebreakingforceperunitlineardensityoftheunstrainedspecimen,usuallyexpressedinnew
24、tons/tex 3.3 elongation theincreaseproducedbyatensileforceinthegaugelengthofaspecimen,expressedeitherinunitsoflength,for examplemillimetres,orasapercentageofthegaugelength,inwhichcaseitiscalled“percentageelongation” 3.4 gaugelength thelength,includinganynon-linearportions,ofatestspecimenunderthepres
25、cribedpre-tension,measuredfromnip tonipofthejawsoftheclampsintheirstartingpositions 3.5 package alengthofoneormoreyarnsinaformsuitableforhandling,storageortransport NOTEPackagesmaybeunsupportedorwoundinvariouspatternsonbobbins,cops,cones,pins,flangedbobbinsortubes. 4Principle 4.1Thebreakingforceandt
26、heelongationatbreakaredeterminedbyelongatingaspecimenbysuitablemechan- icalmeansuntilrupture.Elongationataspecifiedforce,oralternativelytheforceataspecifiedelongation,mayalso bedeterminedifrequired. 4.2Thevalueofthebreakingforceperunitlineardensityoftheyarn,i.e.thebreakingstrength,mayalsobecalcu- la
27、tedifrequested. 5Apparatus 5.1Tensile-testingmachine 5.1.1Themethodisdesignedfortestmachineswithconstantrateofelongation(CRE).Ifothermachines,suchas constantrateofloading(CRL)orconstantrateoftraverse(CRT),areused,theresultswillbedifferentfromthose obtainedwiththereferenceCREmachine. Incasesofdispute
28、,resultsobtainedonaCREmachineshallprevail. Alltestmachinesshallinclude a)apairofsuitableclampstogripthespecimen; b)meansforelongatingthespecimen; c)amechanismwhichwillindicateorrecordtheloadappliedtothespecimenandthecorrespondingelongation. Anautographicrecorderisdesirableforrecordingtheelongationco
29、rrespondingtoaspecifiedforce.Theinertiaof therecordingsystemshallbesufficientlylowtoavoiddistortionoftheforce-elongationcurve. 5.1.2Themaximumerrorintheindicatedforce,atanypointintherangeinwhichthemachineisused,shallnotex- ceed ofthetrueforce.Theerrorintheindicatedclampseparationshallnotexceed . 5.1
30、.3Thedesignoftheclampsiscriticaltoobtainingcorrectbreaksandconsistentresults.Theclampsshallbeca- pableofholdingthespecimenswithoutslippageandwithoutvisibledamageandshallbedesignedsothatbreaksdo notoccurwithin ofthejaws. 1% 1mm 10mmISO3341:2000(E)3 Typicalcommerciallyavailabletestmachineshaveeitherfl
31、atorradiussedclamps,andtheresultsobtainedcanvary fromonetypetotheother. Figure1showsexamplesofthetwotypesofclamp. Fortheradiussedclamps,theradius shallbecomprisedbetween and foryarnswithalineardensity lowerthan ,andbetween to foryarnsorrovingswithahigherlineardensity. Thetwofacesofthegripswhichholdt
32、hespecimenshallbeprotectedorcoveredwithadhesivetapesoastomain- taintheyarncorrectlyinpositionwithoutdamagingit. 5.1.4Thetestmachineshallbeadjustedtogiveaconstantrateofextensionof .How- ever,theinitialsettingofthemovingclampcanbespecifictotheclamptype. Typicalnominalgaugelengthsare forflatclamps; to
33、forradiussedclamps. Thegaugelengthforthemachineusedshallbenotedinthetestreport. WARNINGSincetheresultsobtainedmaydifferdependinguponthetypeofclampused,comparisonof resultsfromdifferentlaboratorieswillbevalidonlyifthesametypeofclampandthesamegaugelengthare used. 6Conditioning Conditiontheelementaryun
34、its 1) tobetestedinoneofthestandardatmospheresspecifiedinISO291foratleast . 7Specimens 7.1Numberofspecimens Unlessotherwisespecified,test10specimensfromeachelementaryunit.Eachspecimenisselectedsuccessively alongtheyarnseparatedbyamaximumof ofyarn. Ifstipulatedinthespecificationorbythepersonorderingt
35、hetest,thetest(madewith10specimens)maybeper- formedatspecificlocationswithintheelementaryunitstobetested. 7.2Selectionofspecimens Ifnecessary,removetheouterlayerofyarntoensurethattheyarntestedisundamaged. Whentakingspecimens,unwindtheyarninsuchawaythat nodamageiscausedtotheyarns; noclosedloopsorknot
36、sareformed; nosignificantchangeintwistisproduced. Theproductspecificationandalsothetestreportshallindicatethemethodofunwinding(overendortangential runout). 1) AsdefinedinISO1886:1990, Reinforcement fibres Sampling plans applicable to received batches, the elementary unit is thesmallestnormallycommer
37、ciallyavailableentityofagivenproduct. r 12mm 25mm 500tex 25mm 45mm 200mm/min 20mm/min 500mm 250mm 350mm 6h 3mISO3341:2000(E) 4 Key 1 Specimen-fixationpoint(endofgaugelength) 2Movinggrip 3Testspecimen Figure1ExamplesofsuitableradiussedandflatclampsISO3341:2000(E)5 8Procedure 8.1General Whilethedeterm
38、inationofthebreakingforceisgenerallystipulatedintheproductspecification,theelongationat breakisnotnecessarilyrequired.Iftheelongationatbreakisnotneeded,theoperatorisnotrequiredtotakerelated instructionsintoaccount. 8.2Determination 8.2.1Afterconditioningasspecifiedinclause6,secureatestspecimeninthec
39、lamps,ensuringthatthespecimen isalignedparallelwiththeforcetobeapplied.Donottouchthespecimenanywherewithinthegaugelength(portion betweenclamps)withbarehands.Whentheclampsareclosed,thespecimenshallbestraight. 8.2.2Ifthetestmachinehasapre-tensioningcapability,applytothespecimenapre-tensionof ,calculat
40、edfromthenominallineardensityoftheyarn.Iftheapplicationofthepre-tensionin- creasesthespecimenlengthbymorethan ,thistestmethodmaynotbeapplicable(see1.3). Incasesofdispute,thetestshallbeperformedonamachinewhichhastherequiredpre-tensioningcapability. 8.2.3Setthemovingclampinmotion.Afterthespecimenbreak
41、s,recordthebreakingforceandtheelongationat thebreakingforce.Returnthemovingclamptoitszeropositionandremovethebrokenspecimen. 8.2.4Repeatthedeterminationontheremainingspecimens. 8.2.5Disregardanyresultsobtainedwithspecimensthatslipinthejaws,orthatbreakinthejawsorwithin ofthejaws.Ifthenumberofresultsd
42、iscardedexceeds ofthenumberofspecimenstested,theclampsshallbe readjusted.Ifnecessary,thespecimensshallbeheldbyindirectclamping(usinge.g.capstanclamps).Inthesecon- ditions,theelongationvaluesmeasuredarenotcomparablewiththoseobtainedwithdirect-clampingjaws. 9Expressionofresults 9.1Breakingforce Foreac
43、hsetof10specimens,calculate,innewtons,thearithmeticmeanofthebreakingforce.Thisvalue,expressed toonesignificantfigure,istheresultfortheelementaryunittested. Ifthedeterminationwasrepeatedwithinthesamepackage,theresultsshallbereportedinthewayspecifiedinthe productspecificationorbythepersonorderingthete
44、st. 9.2Elongationatbreak Ifthispropertywasrequested,calculateforeachsetof10specimensthearithmeticmean,inmillimetres,oftheelon- gationatbreak,expressedasapercentageofthegaugelength. Theresultingvalue,expressedtoonesignificantfigure,istheresultfortheelementaryunit. 9.3Breakingstrength Ifrequested,theb
45、reakingstrengthcanbecalculated,innewtonspertex,fromthebreakingloaddeterminedbythe presentmethodandthelineardensityoftheglassyarns,asdeterminedbythemethodgiveninISO1889.Thecal- culatedvalueshallbequotedtoonesignificantfigure. Forthiscalculation,usetheresultcalculatedfortheelementaryunitratherthanthos
46、eobtainedforeachspecimen. 5mN/tex 2,5mN/tex 0,5% 10mm 10%ISO3341:2000(E) 6 10Precision Table1isbasedonaroundrobinconductedin1998inaccordancewithISO5725-2:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and re- pro
47、ducibility of a standard measurement method 2) .Itinvolvedsixglass-fibreyarnsorrovingstestedbysixlaborato- ries.Individualspecimenswerepreparedfromthesamebobbinsatthelaboratorieswhichtestedthem.Eachtest resultwastheaverageof10individualmeasurements(breaks).Eachlaboratoryobtainedfourtestresultsforeac
48、h material. WARNINGThestatementsconcerning and whichfollowaremerelyintendedtopresentameaningful wayofconsideringtheapproximateprecisionofthistestmethod.ThedatainTable1shouldnotbeapplied toacceptanceorrejectionofmaterials,asthesedataapplyonlytothematerialstestedintheroundrobin andareunlikelytoberigor
49、ouslyrepresentativeofotherlots,formulations,conditions,materialsorlaborato- ries. Providedthewithin-laboratoryandbetween-laboratorycoefficientsofvariation and havebeencalcu- latedfromalargeenoughbodyofdata,andfromtestresultsthatwereaveragesfromthetestingof10specimens, then: Repeatability:Twotestresultsobtainedwithinonelaboratoryshallbejudgednotequivalentiftheydifferbymore thanthe-valueforthatmaterial, beingtheintervalrepresentingthecriticaldifferencebetweentwotestresultsfor thesamematerialobtainedbythesameoperatorusingthesameequipmentonthesamedayinthesa
