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2、ibre optic networkICS 33.180.99Fibre optic access to end-user A guideline to building of FTTX PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CLC/TR 50510:2007PD CLC/TR 50510:2007Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/02/2008 00:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis Published Document was published under the a
3、uthority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 58721 4Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CLC/TR 50510:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrus
4、ted by Technical Committee GEL/86, Fibre optics, to Subcommittee GEL/86/1, Optical fibres and cables.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are re
5、sponsible for its correct application.TECHNICAL REPORT CLC/TR 50510 RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT October 2007 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat:
6、 rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. CLC/TR 50510:2007 E ICS 33.180.99 English version Fibre optic access to end-user - A guideline to building of FTTX fibre optic network This T
7、echnical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2007-07-06. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, t
8、he Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/02/2008 00:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIForeword This Technical Report was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC
9、TC 86A, Optical fibres and optical fibre cables. The text of the draft was submitted to vote in accordance with the Internal Regulations, Part 2, Subclause 11.4.3.3 (simple majority) and was approved by CENELEC as CLC/TR 50510 on 2007-07-06. _ CLC/TR 50510:2007 2 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANG
10、E CHINA STANDARDS, 15/02/2008 00:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIContents Executive summary 6 1 Network Structure and Nodes A guideline .8 1.1 Introduction . 8 1.2 Levels 9 1.2.1 Physical routing 9 1.2.2 Passive transmission media . 9 1.2.3 Transmission-, IP- and application level . 10 1.2.4 Ownership
11、, operating and maintenance . 10 1.3 Network topology Terminology . 10 1.3.1 Infrastructure parts . 10 1.3.2 National network. 11 1.3.3 Regional network 11 1.3.4 Municipality connecting network . 11 1.3.5 Metropolitan or urban network 12 1.3.6 Access network 12 1.4 Node topology Terminology 13 1.4.1
12、 National node . 14 1.4.2 Regional node 14 1.4.3 Community main node 14 1.4.4 Municipality node 14 1.4.5 Fibre cross connect node (fccn) 14 1.4.6 Access node. 14 1.5 Examples of FTTX topologies 15 1.6 Access network . 18 1.6.1 FTTX in access networks . 18 1.6.2 Size of an FTTX-network 18 2 Passive n
13、etwork solutions 20 2.1 Choice of fibre type Single-mode/multimode. 20 2.2 Number of fibres for each end-user . 22 2.3 Connectors in the FTTX-network. 23 2.4 Fibre splicing . 25 2.5 Link dimensioning 25 2.6 Calculation of an optical budget. 25 2.7 Fibre optic cabling . 26 2.8 Pulling, burying and bl
14、owing 28 2.8.1 Fibre volume. 28 2.8.2 Fibre length 28 2.8.3 Installation conditions . 28 2.9 Dimensions for microducts and multi ducts 29 2.10 Hybrid cables and ducts for blowing 30 2.11 Installation of FTTX . 31 2.11.1 Outdoor 31 2.11.2 Indoor. 31 2.12 Right of Way (RoW) solution . 31 2.12.1 Fibre
15、optic cables in sewer systems (sanitary and stormy ones). 32 2.12.2 Fibre optic cables in gas pipes (fibre-in-gas). 33 2.12.3 Fibre optic cables in drinking water lines 34 CLC/TR 50510:2007 3 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/02/2008 00:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI2.13 Fibr
16、es for blowing 34 2.14 Microduct optical fibre cables for blowing 34 2.15 Cables for blowing. 35 2.16 Pre-connectorised fibre . 35 2.17 Optical splitters 35 2.18 Closures 36 2.18.1 Fibre management system closures (FMSC) 36 2.18.2 Air blown fibre closures (ABFC) 37 2.18.3 Air blown fibre microduct c
17、onnectors 37 2.19 Access and jointing chambers . 38 2.20 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) 38 2.21 Design of a room for an access node 39 2.22 Power feeding an access node 41 2.23 Earthing in an access node . 42 3 Network design 42 3.1 Areas with block(s) of flats (multi-tenants buildings) 42 3.2 Are
18、as with detached and terraced houses. 43 3.3 Sparsely built-up areas 44 3.4 Summary of network design 45 4 Planning and installation General advice and instructions. 45 4.1 Planning 45 4.1.1 Rough planning 45 4.1.2 Ownership circumstances. 46 4.1.3 Housing and property owners. 47 4.1.4 Legal issues
19、Something to think about 47 4.1.5 Investigating availability 47 4.1.6 A study of documents . 47 4.1.7 Detailed planning 47 4.2 Installation General advice . 48 4.2.1 Drilling 48 4.2.2 Cover strips 48 4.2.3 Lift shaft 48 4.2.4 Messages to residents 48 4.2.5 Insurance and compensation for damage. 48 4
20、.2.6 Certificate . 48 4.3 Installation in node areas. 48 4.3.1 Access node. 48 4.3.2 Area for splice cabinet Fibre concentration point . 48 4.3.3 In a flat, a house or similar area (user node subscriber node) 48 4.4 Work with digging, installation of ducts and pulling of cables and microduct optical
21、 fibre cables 49 4.4.1 Material for ducts, cables and microduct optical fibre cables 49 4.4.2 Ploughing for installation of ducts (cables) 50 4.4.3 Digging and milling for installations of ducts (cable) 51 4.4.4 Warning tape or ribbon . 51 4.4.5 Installation in ducts. 52 4.4.6 Sub-ducts .52 4.4.7 Di
22、fferent techniques to install cables into ducts 53 4.4.8 Traditional installation with pulling rope 53 CLC/TR 50510:2007 4 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/02/2008 00:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI4.4.9 Installation of cable into ducts with compressed air or floating with wa
23、ter . 55 4.4.10 Preventive protection of ducts and cables in manholes. 55 4.4.11 Installation of hanging optical cables or microducts 56 4.4.12 Self-supported cables/microducts. 56 4.4.13 Hanging of cables with lashing and wrapping . 56 4.4.14 Traditional indoor installation of FTTX 56 4.4.15 Splici
24、ng and its environment. 57 4.4.16 Splice boxes for certain access applications (e.g. flats or multi-tenants buildings) a shorter distance can be targeted, e.g. 500 m to 2 000 m. Relevant types of optical fibres (single-mode and multimode) are specified in EN 60793-2-50 and EN 60793-2-10. However, in
25、 the industry a single-mode fibre is typically called by its ITU terminology (e.g. G.652). The physical network should have an expected lifetime of 25 years. The recommendations are written for a general audience, but in particular for people involved in private and public enterprises, people respon
26、sible for broadband decisions, planning and installations. The Technical Report is divided into six independent clauses: Clause 1 is an introduction and gives a view of the IT-infrastructure and a survey of the basic structure for the fibre optical broadband. Clause 2 describes system solutions for
27、FTTX including requirements on capacity and installation techniques. Clause 3 is a guideline on how to create a network and gives an overview of applicable network topologies. Clause 4 gives basic information about installation and planning before installation. Clause 5 treats measurements and docum
28、entation. Clause 6 treats quality issues. CLC/TR 50510:2007 6 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/02/2008 00:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIA number of annexes are included to give deeper knowledge in certain areas. They are broad examples and can be used to give a better view o
29、n the principles for installation of FTTX-networks with cables, microduct optical fibre cables, microducts and microduct fibre unit cables (blown fibres). To some extent these annexes are company specific, which the reader should be aware of. Annex A (reference 1) gives a comprehensive list of stand
30、ards. References 2, 3 and 5 give a good overview of the present status in both ITU-T, IEC and the general CENELEC view. Some of the requirements put forward in this Technical Report are unique for an FTTX-network and should not be used in a general sense for optical networks. CLC/TR 50510:2007 7 Lic
31、ensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/02/2008 00:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI1 Network Structure and Nodes A guideline 1.1 Introduction This Technical Report describes the FTTX-network. As a guideline other parts of the fibre optic infrastructure are given in this clause. First so
32、me basics: sound, pictures, voice, data carried by networks are digital data expressed in terms of bit, bytes and their multiples (kilo (k), mega (M), giga (G), tera (T). A bit (binary digit) is the smallest digital unit and has only two values: 0 or 1. A byte includes 8 bits and defines the size of
33、 a data file. Transmission capacity of networks and terminals is not expressed by using bytes, but using bit per second (bps). When a data file is transferred in a network two supplementary bits are necessary. It means that 10 bits are required for 1 byte. In the case of a VDSL subscriber with 10 Mb
34、it/s, who wants to upload a pdf data file, the Web provider indicates for instance the following size: 20 Megabytes. It should then take 20 s. However, for any Mbit/s subscription the fact is that the real final data flow is about a quarter of the notified data flow, because the data flow is shared
35、between subscribers and its quality depends on the activity of the other subscribers. It means that the 20 Megabytes data file will need 1 min 20 s to be uploaded. For instance a 15 Mbit/s ADSL system gives only 1 Mbit/s for uploading. The following table gives some further examples of transmission
36、times for uploading a quality DVD-movie, if there is no data flow sharing. Transmission speed Uploading time 0,128 Mbit/s 5 days, 8 h 10 Mbit/s 8 h 100 Mbit/s 0,8 h 1 000 Mbit/s 50 s We do not know the new tools that will be created by the real high bit rate networks. New applications (not invented
37、today) will appear and applications originally dedicated to professionals will be extended to all in a similar way as it happened with the mobile phone. It is important to define the meaning of low, medium and high bit rate transmission . One possible classification is presently the following: low b
38、it rate transmission: up to 1 Mbit/s medium bit rate transmission: 1 up to 10 Mbit/s high bit rate transmission: 10 up to 100 Mbit/s and more. CLC/TR 50510:2007 8 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/02/2008 00:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI1.2 Levels For a level-designed view o
39、n the components in the build-up of the infrastructure, see Figure 1. Figure 1 Network levels From the bottom up, Figure 1 shows: Physical routing: Duct for cables, for microduct optical fibre cables, and for microduct fibre unit cables (blown fibre products) and for structures for antennas Passive
40、transmission and interconnecting media: optical fibre cable, connectors, antennas, boxes, closures and their physical interconnections Active transmission systems: Logical connections over a physical connection IP: The internet operator network service to the user Application: Equipment, program and
41、 data bases of the user Designing the infrastructure in levels makes it possible for different ownership of individual levels. This creates possibilities for open networks and competition, but also presents risks regarding responsibilities and long-term interaction. 1.2.1 Physical routing The lowest
42、 level in the physical network is the physical routing. It consists of ducts in standard dimensions, antenna structures, network material and microducts among others. Also existing infrastructure tubing as sewer-, gas-, and drinking water tubes may be used. It should have an expected lifetime of 25
43、years. A large part of this level belongs to the FTTX and will be thoroughly described in this book. Most of the cost for a broadband network is in the planning and installation of the routing layer. It is therefore important to be accurate in planning, installation and documentation, and that the m
44、aterial of the parts is of high quality. Normally the network owner owns this level. 1.2.2 Passive transmission media Level 2 contains optical fibres and cables, interconnecting devices (connectors, splices, closures, ), copper cables (not treated here) and antennas (also not treated here) for radio
45、 networks (FWA, WLAN, 2G, 3G, 4G, LMDS). CLC/TR 50510:2007 9 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/02/2008 00:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThe optical fibre and cable have a mechanical lifetime that corresponds to the ducting level. However, the transmission lifetime depends on
46、required future services on the fibres. These future requirements may demand more capacity compared to present planning prediction. If that is the case, the fibre may need to be replaced by a fibre with better transmission performance. It is therefore proposed in this guideline to use single-mode fi
47、bre in the FTTX-networks, since it has by far the largest capacity well above the 1 Gbit/s over long distances up to 40 km. In cases where the length is limited to 500 m 2 000 m (e.g. multi-tenant buildings) also multimode fibres can be considered. By installing optical fibres and cables in ducts th
48、e costs for replacements and repair are substantially lower than without ducts. The network owner normally owns cable and fibre. 1.2.3 Transmission-, IP- and application level Transmission-, IP- and application level will not be described in this Technical Report. 1.2.4 Ownership, operating and main
49、tenance When all parts in the infrastructure fulfil specified quality requirements regarding transmission and installation, different ownerships could be possible. Ownership and operation could be split by different governmental or community companies, jointly owned companies between different communities, energy companies, building enterprises. Housing co-operatives, house-owner associations, private persons and landowners may also own the local network closest to the end-users. Considering operat
