1、BSI Standards PublicationInformation technology Interoperability with assistivetechnology (AT)Part 4: Linux/UNIX graphical environments accessibility APIPD ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC TR13066-4:2015.The UK participation in its p
2、reparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ICT/-/6, ICT Accessibility.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct app
3、lication. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 76640 4ICS 11.180.99; 35.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Stra
4、tegy Committee on 30 November 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015Information technology Interoperability with assistive technology (AT) Part 4: Linux/UNIX graphical environments accessibility APITechnologies de linformatio
5、n Interoprabilit avec les technologies dassistance Partie 4: Accessibilit API des environnements graphiques lInux/UNIXTECHNICAL REPORTISO/IEC TR13066-4First edition2015-11-01Reference numberISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015PD ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT
6、PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, with
7、out prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO
8、/IEC TR 13066-4:2015(E)PD ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 13 Overview . 43.1 General description . 43.2 Architecture . 53.2.1 ATK Aware Toolkits . 63.2.2 AT-SPI Aware Assistive Technologies 113.3 Support apart from AT-SPI
9、/ATK . 124 Using the API 124.1 Overview . 124.2 User Interface elements . 124.3 Getting and setting focus . 134.4 Communication mechanisms 144.5 How GNOME uses the ATK/AT-SPI accessibility Application Programming Interface 145 Exposing User Interface Element Information .155.1 Role, state(s), bounda
10、ry, name, and description of the user interface element.155.2 Current value and any minimum or maximum values, if the user interface element represents one of a range of values 165.3 Text contents, text attributes, and the boundary of text rendered to the screen .175.4 The location of the user inter
11、face element in relation to other user interface elements 176 Exposing User Interface Element Actions 187 Keyboard focus 188 Events 198.1 Changes in the user interface element value .198.2 Changes in the name of the user interface element .208.3 Changes in the description of the user interface eleme
12、nt 208.4 Changes in the boundary of the user interface element 209 Programmatic modifications of states, properties, values, and text .2010 Design considerations .2110.1 Using AT-SPI/ATK 2111 Further information .2111.1 Testing Accessibility with Accerciser . 22Bibliography .23 ISO/IEC 2015 All righ
13、ts reserved iiiContents PagePD ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO
14、or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
15、 governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
16、 described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn
17、to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/o
18、r on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity ass
19、essment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 35, User interfaces.ISO
20、/IEC 13066 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Interoperability with Assistive Technology (AT): Part 1: Requirements and recommendations for interoperability Part 2: Windows accessibility application programming interface (API) Technical Report Part 3: IAc
21、cessible2 accessibility application programming interface (API) Technical Report Part 4: Linux/UNIX graphical environments accessibility API Technical Report Part 6: Java accessibility application programming interface (API) Technical Reportiv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:20
22、15ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015(E)IntroductionAssistive technology (AT) is specialized information technology (IT) hardware or software that is added to or incorporated within a system that increases accessibility for an individual. In other words, it is special purpose IT that interoperates with another
23、IT product enabling a person with a disability to use the IT product.Interoperability involves the ability to add or replace Assistive Technology (AT) to existing components of Information Technology (IT) systems. Interoperability between AT and IT is best facilitated via the use of standardized, pu
24、blic interfaces for all IT components.This part of ISO/IEC 13066 describes the following.AT-SPIThe Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface (AT-SPI) API, which can be used as a toolkit agnostic framework to support software to software IT-AT interoperability on Linux and UNIX graphical deskto
25、p environments.ATKThe Accessibility Toolkit (ATK) library provides a set of interfaces in support of AT-SPI on the GUI application side. The interfaces are toolkit-independent implementations could be written for any widget set, such as GTK, Motif, or Qt. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved vPD ISO/IEC
26、 TR 13066-4:2015Information technology Interoperability with assistive technology (AT) Part 4: Linux/UNIX graphical environments accessibility API1 ScopeThis part of ISO/IEC 13066 provides an overview to the structure and terminology of the Linux/UNIX graphical environments accessibility API.It will
27、 provide the following: a description of the overall architecture and terminology of the API; further introductory explanations regarding the content and use of the API beyond those found in ISO/IEC 13066-1:2011, Annex A; an overview of the main properties, including of user interface elements, of h
28、ow to get and set focus, and of communication mechanisms in the API; a discussion of design considerations for the API (e.g. pointers to external sources of information on accessibility guidance related to using the API); information on extending the API (and where this is appropriate); an introduct
29、ion to the programming interface of the API (including pointers to external sources of information).It will provide this information as an introduction to the Java API to assist the following: IT system level developers who create custom controls and/or interface to them; AT developers involved in p
30、rogramming “hardware to software” and “software to software” interactions.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1A11Yshort form of “accessibility” or of “accessible”2.2accessible objectpart of the user interface (2.21) that is accessibl
31、e by and exposes the Java accessibility APINote 1 to entry: An accessible object is represented by an object of the “AccessibleContext” Java class.TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015(E)2.3application programm
32、ing interfaceAPIcollection of invocation methods and associated parameters used by one piece of software to request actions from another piece of software2.4application softwaresoftware that is specific to the solution of an application problemEXAMPLE A spreadsheet program is application software.2.
33、5assistive technologyAThardware or software that is added to or incorporated within a system that increases accessibility for an individualEXAMPLE Braille displays, screen readers, screen magnification software, and eye tracking devices are assistive technologies.SOURCE: ISO 9241-171:2008, 3.5Note 1
34、 to entry: Within this part of ISO/IEC 13066, where Assistive Technology (AT) is used, it is to be considered as both singular and plural, without distinction. If it is to be used in the singular only, it will be preceded by the article “an” (i.e. an Assistive Technology). If it is to be used in the
35、 plural only, it will be preceded by the adjective “multiple” (i.e. multiple AT).2.6ATKThe Accessibility Toolkitlibrary which describes a set of interfaces that support the AT-SPI on the GUI application sideNote 1 to entry: The ATK interfaces are toolkit-independent - implementations could be writte
36、n for any widget set, such as GTK, Motif or Qt.2.7AtkObjectbase object class for the Accessibility Toolkit APINote 1 to entry: This is the ATK analog of MSAAs and IAccessible2s “accessible object”. The AtkObject structure is not accessed directly.2.8AT-SPIThe Assistive Technology Service Provider In
37、terfaceAPI that can be used as a toolkit agnostic framework to support software to software IT-AT interoperability on Linux and UNIX graphical desktop environments2.9clientscomponents that use the services of another componentNote 1 to entry: In this part of ISO/IEC 13066, client refers more specifi
38、cally to a component that uses the services of either or both AT-SPI and/or ATK to access, identify, or manipulate the UI elements of an application.2.10daemonsoftware application that is not invoked explicitly, but lies dormant waiting for some condition(s) to occur2 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserve
39、dPD ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015(E)2.11embedded deviceembedded systemcomputer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions often with real-time computing constraintsNote 1 to entry: It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical p
40、arts. By contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer (PC), is designed to be flexible and to meet a wide range of end-user needs. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.Note 2 to entry: In general, “embedded system” is not a strictly definable term, as most s
41、ystems have some element of extensibility or programmability, e.g. hand-held computers share some elements with embedded systems such as the operating systems and microprocessors which power them, but they allow different applications to be loaded and peripherals to be connected. Moreover, even syst
42、ems which dont expose programmability as a primary feature generally need to support software updates. On a continuum from “general purpose” to “embedded,” large application systems will have subcomponents at most points even if the system as a whole is “designed to perform one or a few dedicated fu
43、nctions,” and is thus appropriate to call “embedded.”2.12functiondefined objective or characteristic action of a system or component, e.g. a system has inventory control as its primary functionSOURCE: IEEE Std. 610.12-19902.13interfaceshared boundary between two functional units, defined by various
44、characteristics pertaining to the functions, physical interconnections, signal exchanges, and other characteristics, as appropriate2.14interoperabilitycapability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no
45、knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units2.15inter-process communicationIPCmechanism by which different software processes communicate with each other across process boundaries, runtime environments, and sometimes also computers and operating systems (2.16)2.16operating systemOSsoftware
46、 that controls the execution of programs and that may provide services such as resource allocation, scheduling, input-output control, and data managementNote 1 to entry: Although operating systems are predominantly software, partial hardware implementations are possible.2.17serversin the context of
47、this part of ISO/IEC 13066 and of assistive technology, servers are components (applications, libraries, etc.) that have UI and expose information about the UI and/or allow it to be manipulated2.18servicefunctionality made available to a user electronically, e.g. airline reservation service, currenc
48、y translation services, weather forecasting, restaurant recommendations are all servicesSOURCE: ISO/IEC 24752-1:2014, 4.27 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 3PD ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015(E)2.19softwareall or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of
49、 an information processing systemNote 1 to entry: Software is an intellectual creation that is independent of the medium on which it is recorded.2.20system softwareplatform softwareapplication-independent software that supports the running of application software (2.4), e.g. an operating system (2.16), a Web browser, or a programming environment Java can be used as a platform for application software2.21user interfaceUImechanisms by which a person interacts with a computer systemNote 1 to entry: The
