1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015Unfired pressure vesselsPart 101: Example of applicationPD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR13445-101:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Techn
2、icalCommittee PVE/1, Pressure Vessels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Insti
3、tution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 87642 4ICS 23.020.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2015.Amendment
4、s issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13445-101 April 2015 ICS 23.020.30 English Version Unfired pressure vessels - Example of application Rcipients sous pression non soumis la flamme - Partie 101 : Exemple d
5、application Unbefeuerte Druckbehlter - Teil 101: AnwendungsbeispielThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 10 February 2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 54. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D
6、enmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMIT
7、TEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 EPD CEN/
8、TR 13445-101:2015CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Presentation of example . 5 3.1 General 5 3.2 Pressure vessel data . 5 3.3 PED 97/23/CE Category . 7 3.4 Extracts from EN 13445-1 to EN 13445-5:2009 and from others standards 7 4 Materials . 7
9、4.1 General 7 4.2 Minimum requirements for materials 7 4.3 Mechanical properties of the chosen materials . 9 4.4 Type of material certificate . 12 4.5 Prevention of brittle fracture 13 4.6 Particular Material Appraisal (PMA) . 25 5 Calculations and design . 26 5.1 General 26 5.2 Definitions related
10、to pressure . 26 5.3 Thickness definitions and joint coefficient . 27 5.4 Prevention of brittle fracture 28 5.5 Maximum allowed values of the nominal design stress 28 5.6 Calculations and design . 30 6 Fabrication 68 6.1 General 68 6.2 Minimum requirements for fabrication 69 6.3 Production tests. 72
11、 6.4 Forming of shell . 76 6.5 Post weld heat-treatment (PWHT) 82 6.6 Others requirements . 84 7 Inspection and testing . 84 7.1 General 84 7.2 Performance of inspection and testing . 85 7.3 Technical documentation . 85 7.4 Inspection and testing during fabrication . 85 7.5 Others requirements . 91
12、7.6 Final assessment . 91 7.7 Marking and declaration of compliance with the standard . 94 PD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13445-101:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is hel
13、d by BSI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 (E) 4 1 Scope This Technical R
14、eport presents an application of EN 13445 through an example of design and fabrication of an unfired pressure vessel. Every step is described as far as possible: Material choice; Design and calculation; Fabrication; Inspection and testing; using the following part of EN 13445: EN 13445-1:2009; EN 13
15、445-2:2009; EN 13445-3:2009; EN 13445-4:2009; EN 13445-5:2009 . As applicable, some choices for design or fabrication are made according to “the state of art” practice. Some parts of EN 13445 are reproduced in order to show which requirements are relevant to the design and fabrication of the target
16、vessel. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including a
17、ny amendments) applies. EN 287-1:2004+A2:2006, Approval testing of welders Fusion welding Part 1: Steels EN 473:2008, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles EN 764-5:2002, Pressure Equipment Part 5: Compliance and Inspection Documentation of Mater
18、ials EN 1092-1:2007, Flanges and their joints Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated EN 1418:1997, Welding personnel Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materi
19、als EN 1515-3:2005, Flanges and their joints Bolting Part 3: Classification of bolt materials for steel flanges, class designated EN 1515-4:2009, Flanges and their joints Bolting Part 4: Selection of bolting for equipment subject to the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC EN 1759-1:2004, Flanges a
20、nd their joint Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, Class designated Part 1: Steel flanges, NPS 1/2 to 24 PD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 (E) 5 EN 10025-2:2004, Hot rolled products of structural steels Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structu
21、ral steels EN 10028-1:2007, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes Part 1: General requirements EN 10028-2:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties. EN 10029:2010, Hot-rolled steel plates 3
22、mm thick or above Tolerances on dimensions and shape EN 10204:2004, Metallic products Types of inspection documents. EN 10216-3:2002, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes Technical delivery conditions Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubes EN 10222-4:1998, Steel forgings for pressure purposes Pa
23、rt 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof strength. EN 10269:1999+A1:2006, Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature properties EN 12560-4:2001, Flanges and their joints Gaskets for Class-designated flantes Part 4: Corrugated, flat or grooved metall
24、ic and filled metallic gaskets for use with steel flanges CR ISO 15608:2000, Welding Guidelines for a metallic material grouping system (ISO/TR 15608:2000) EN ISO 15614-1:2004, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials Welding procedure test Part 1: Arc and gas wel
25、ding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys (ISO 15614-1:2004) 3 Presentation of example 3.1 General The target vessel consists of several components: a cylindrical shell, two elliptical ends, a welding neck flange, a nozzle, two saddle supports arranged symmetrically 3.2 Pressure ves
26、sel data The data specified for the present example are the following: Vessel data: PD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 (E) 6 Key Di= 3 468 mm L = 20 000 mm (cylindrical shell length) Figure 1 Pressure vessel data Material: steel Service data: Normal service conditions: Internal pressure:
27、44 bar Maximum temperature: 50 C Minimum metal temperature: -20 C Liquid group 1, density: 0,54 Pressure loading predominantly of non-cyclic nature There are not exceptional service conditions. PED 97/23/CE regulation applies. The calculation of all components is performed by formulas (DBF: Design B
28、y Formula). According to the specified operating conditions, the pressure vessel is neither subjected to fatigue nor to creep. It is supposed that there is only a risk of atmospheric corrosion during operation of the vessel. Thus, a corrosion allowance of 3 mm is added. PD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015CEN/T
29、R 13445-101:2015 (E) 7 3.3 PED 97/23/CE Category The maximum allowable pressure PS used as a first approach is 44 bar and the fluid is a liquid of group 1. The category which applied for the target vessel is category II as defined in Clause 3 paragraph 1.1(b) of the PED which indicates the use of Ta
30、ble 3 of Annex II of PED to set the category. 3.4 Extracts from EN 13445-1 to EN 13445-5:2009 and from others standards The extracts from the EN 13445 Standard clauses which are the most relevant at each step of the example are reproduced in black frames. When necessary, the adequate requirements in
31、 these extracts are framed in red. Other extracts of standards referenced in EN 13445 are reproduced, also in black frames, and the standard from which they are extracted is mentioned. When necessary, the adequate requirements in these extracts are framed in red. 4 Materials 4.1 General EN 13445-2:2
32、009 gives the minimum requirements to be fulfilled for steel entering the manufacturing of pressure vessel. The informative Annex E of this standard references European materials usable for pressure vessel manufacturing. The corresponding steel grades come from harmonized European standards. The Gro
33、uping according to CEN ISO/TR 15608:2000 is also given for each grade. The minimum requirements concern elongation, impact test and chemical composition. These requirements for steel should ensure toughness and good behaviour of materials during manufacturing (weldability and forming). Table 4.1-1 o
34、f this report summarizes some properties of the materials which have been chosen for fabrication of the target vessel. This table shows how the requirements of EN 13445-2:2009 are fulfilled. 4.2 Minimum requirements for materials 4.2.1 General The following clauses of EN 13445-2:2009 shall be fulfil
35、led: 4.2.2 Minimum elongation The requirements for minimum elongation are fulfilled by the chosen materials, see Table 4.1-1. Figure 2 Abstract from EN 13445-2:2009 PD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 (E) 8 4.2.3 Impact test for ferritic steel The requirements for impact test are fulfilled
36、 by the chosen materials, see Table 4.1-1. Requirements of Annex B of EN 13445-2:2009 shall also apply; see 4.5 of this report. Figure 3 Abstract from EN 13445-2:2009 4.2.4 Chemical composition of selected grade The requirements for chemical composition are fulfilled by the chosen materials, see Tab
37、le 4.1-1, except for the bolting grade 42CrMo4 (1.7225), but this product is not intended for welding or forming as stated in 4.1.7 of EN 13445-2:2009. Indeed, following EN 10269:1999, EN 10269:1999+A1:2006, the specified chemical composition for this grade of bolting is: %C: 0,38 to 0,45; % P: 0,03
38、5 max; % S: 0,035 max. PD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 (E) 9 Figure 4 Abstract from EN 13445-2:2009 4.3 Mechanical properties of the chosen materials The selected grades and their appropriate properties are summarized in Table 4.1-1. All the mechanical properties presented in this tabl
39、e are minimum values from transversal specimen and are specified in the relevant technical specification. Transversal specimens are defined as specimen taken in a direction perpendicular to the direction of principal deformation of the product (e.g. for flat products the transversal direction is per
40、pendicular to the rolling direction). Since the minimum yield strength and tensile strength values are specified in the material technical specification as a function of the product thickness the values to be used for the design of each specific component are not known at first. They can be set only
41、 once the design calculations performed according to the relevant EN 13445-3:2009 rules have shown that the thickness assumed for calculation is acceptable. In some cases an iteration on the thickness and the corresponding mechanical properties is necessary to get the correct values (see Clause 5 of
42、 this report). For determination of the material characteristics above 20 C, the interpolation rules which apply are those defined in 4.2.2 of EN 13445-2:2009: PD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 (E) 10 Figure 5 Abstract from EN 13445-2:2009 PD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 (E
43、) 11 Table 4.1-1 Component Standard(s) Grades (Steel Number) Specified minimum yield strength at room temperature Rp0,2 (MPa) Specified minimum yield strength at 50 C Rp0,2/t (MPa) Specified minimum tensile strength at room temperature Rm (MPa) Specified minimum elongation after fracture A% (EN 1344
44、5-2:2009, 4.1.4) Impact energy KCV (EN 13445-2:2009, 4.1.6) Heat treatment condition Classification according to CR ISO 15608:2000 Cylindrical shell EN 10028-2:2003 P295GH (1.0481) 285 276 460 21 27 J -20 C +N 1.2 Elliptical end EN 10028-2:2003 P295GH (1.0481) 285 276 460 21 27 J -20 C +N 1.2 Nozzle
45、 EN 10216-3:2002 P275NL2 (1.1104) 275 EN 13445-2:2009, 4.2.2 390 22 47 J -20 C +N 1.1 Flange EN 1759-1:2004 EN 10222-4:1998 P285QH (1.0478) 255 EN 13445-2:2009, 4.2.2 390 23 27 J -20 C +QT 1.2 Bolting EN 10269:1999 42CrMo4 (1.7225) 730 720 860 14 40 J -40 C +QT 3.2 Reinforcing plate EN 10028-2:2003
46、P295GH (1.0481) 285 276 460 21 27 J -20 C +N 1.2 Saddle support EN 10025-2: 2004 S275J2 (1.0145) 275 No value 430 21 27 J -20 C +N 1.1 PD CEN/TR 13445-101:2015CEN/TR 13445-101:2015 (E) 12 4.4 Type of material certificate 4.4.1 PED requirements Annex I paragraph 4.3 of the PED states that for the Cat
47、egory II main pressure-bearing parts of pressure equipment, the material certificate shall be a certificate of specific control. In accordance with EN 10204:2004, this certificate shall be, as a minimum, of type 3.1. 4.4.2 Type of certificate for pressure vessel components Material certificate may b
48、e selected in accordance with EN 764-5:2002 which specifies the type of material certificate to obtain from the material producer following the considered part (main pressure-bearing parts, pressure parts other than main pressure-bearing parts or non pressure-bearing parts). Figure 6 Abstract from E
49、N 764-5:2002 Figure 1 of EN 764-5:2002 below is useful to determine the type of certificate: NOTE Edition of EN 10204:1991 is used for application of EN 764-5:2002 and edition of EN 10204:2004 is used for application of EN 13445-2:2009. Type 3.1B of EN 10204:1991 is replaced by 3.1 of EN 10204:2004. Types 3.1A and 3.1C is replaced by 3.2 of EN 10204:2004. Figure 7 Abstract from EN 764-5:2002 Table 4.4.2-1 below summarizes the type of material c
