1、 ISBN 3 901 906 44 4 PRACTICAL DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR THE LIGHTING OF SPORT EVENTS FOR COLOUR TELEVISION AND FILMING CIE 169:2005 UDC: 621.397.132 Descriptor: Colour television 628.971.7 Lighting of sports grounds THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION The International Commission on Illuminati
2、on (CIE) is an organisation devoted to international co-operation and exchange of information among its member countries on all matters relating to the art and science of lighting. Its membership consists of the National Committees in about 40 countries. The objectives of the CIE are : 1. To provide
3、 an international forum for the discussion of all matters relating to the science, technology and art in the fields of light and lighting and for the interchange of information in these fields between countries. 2. To develop basic standards and procedures of metrology in the fields of light and lig
4、hting. 3. To provide guidance in the application of principles and procedures in the development of international and national standards in the fields of light and lighting. 4. To prepare and publish standards, reports and other publications concerned with all matters relating to the science, techno
5、logy and art in the fields of light and lighting. 5. To maintain liaison and technical interaction with other international organisations concerned with matters related to the science, technology, standardisation and art in the fields of light and lighting. The work of the CIE is carried on by seven
6、 Divisions each with about 20 Technical Committees. This work covers subjects ranging from fundamental matters to all types of lighting applications. The standards and technical reports developed by these international Divisions of the CIE are accepted throughout the world. A plenary session is held
7、 every four years at which the work of the Divisions and Technical Committees is reviewed, reported and plans are made for the future. The CIE is recognised as the authority on all aspects of light and lighting. As such it occupies an important position among international organisations. LA COMMISSI
8、ON INTERNATIONALE DE LECLAIRAGE La Commission Internationale de lEclairage (CIE) est une organisation qui se donne pour but la coopration internationale et lchange dinformations entre les Pays membres sur toutes les questions relatives lart et la science de lclairage. Elle est compose de Comits Nati
9、onaux reprsentant environ 40 pays. Les objectifs de la CIE sont : 1. De constituer un centre dtude international pour toute matire relevant de la science, de la technologie et de lart de la lumire et de lclairage et pour lchange entre pays dinformations dans ces domaines. 2. Dlaborer des normes et d
10、es mthodes de base pour la mtrologie dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage. 3. De donner des directives pour lapplication des principes et des mthodes dlaboration de normes internationales et nationales dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage. 4. De prparer et publier des normes, rap
11、ports et autres textes, concernant toutes matires relatives la science, la technologie et lart dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage. 5. De maintenir une liaison et une collaboration technique avec les autres organisations internationales concernes par des sujets relatifs la science, la tec
12、hnologie, la normalisation et lart dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage. Les travaux de la CIE sont effectus par 7 Divisions, ayant chacune environ 20 Comits Techniques. Les sujets dtudes stendent des questions fondamentales, tous les types dapplications de lclairage. Les normes et les rap
13、ports techniques labors par ces Divisions Internationales de la CIE sont reconnus dans le monde entier. Tous les quatre ans, une Session plnire passe en revue le travail des Divisions et des Comits Techniques, en fait rapport et tablit les projets de travaux pour lavenir. La CIE est reconnue comme l
14、a plus haute autorit en ce qui concerne tous les aspects de la lumire et de lclairage. Elle occupe comme telle une position importante parmi les organisations internationales. DIE INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION Die Internationale Beleuchtungskommission (CIE) ist eine Organisation, die sich de
15、r internationalen Zusammenarbeit und dem Austausch von Informationen zwischen ihren Mitgliedslndern bezglich der Kunst und Wissenschaft der Lichttechnik widmet. Die Mitgliedschaft besteht aus den Nationalen Komitees in rund 40 Lndern. Die Ziele der CIE sind : 6. Ein internationaler Mittelpunkt fr Di
16、skussionen aller Fragen auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaft, Technik und Kunst der Lichttechnik und fr den Informationsaustausch auf diesen Gebieten zwischen den einzelnen Lndern zu sein. 7. Grundnormen und Verfahren der Metechnik auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu entwickeln. 8. Richtlinien fr die Anwe
17、ndung von Prinzipien und Vorgngen in der Entwicklung internationaler und nationaler Normen auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu erstellen. 9. Normen, Berichte und andere Publikationen zu erstellen und zu verffentlichen, die alle Fragen auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaft, Technik und Kunst der Lichttechni
18、k betreffen. 10. Liaison und technische Zusammenarbeit mit anderen internationalen Organisationen zu unterhalten, die mit Fragen der Wissenschaft, Technik, Normung und Kunst auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu tun haben. Die Arbeit der CIE wird in 7 Divisionen, jede mit etwa 20 Technischen Komitees,
19、geleistet. Diese Arbeit betrifft Gebiete mit grundlegendem Inhalt bis zu allen Arten der Lichtanwendung. Die Normen und Technischen Berichte, die von diesen international zusammengesetzten Divisionen ausgearbeitet werden, sind von der ganzen Welt anerkannt. Tagungen werden alle vier Jahre abgehalten
20、, in der die Arbeiten der Divisionen berprft und berichtet und neue Plne fr die Zukunft ausgearbeitet werden. Die CIE wird als hchste Autoritt fr alle Aspekte des Lichtes und der Beleuchtung angesehen. Auf diese Weise unterhlt sie eine bedeutende Stellung unter den internationalen Organisationen. Pu
21、blished by the COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LECLAIRAGE CIE Central Bureau Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, AUSTRIA Tel: +43(1)714 31 87 0, Fax: +43(1) 714 31 87 18 e-mail: ciecbping.at WWW: http:/www.cie.co.at/ CIE 2005 All rights reserved ISBN 3 901 906 44 4 PRACTICAL DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR THE LIGHTIN
22、G OF SPORT EVENTS FOR COLOUR TELEVISION AND FILMING CIE 169:2005 UDC: 621.397.132 Descriptor: Colour television 628.971.7 Lighting of sports grounds CIE 169:2005 This Technical Report has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee 5-11 of Division 5 “Exterior and other lighting applications“ and has b
23、een approved by the Board of Administration of the Commission Internationale de lEclairage for study and application. The document reports on current knowledge and experience within the specific field of light and lighting described, and is intended to be used by the CIE membership and other interes
24、ted parties. It should be noted, however, that the status of this document is advisory and not mandatory. The latest CIE proceedings or CIE NEWS should be consulted regarding possible subsequent amendments. Ce rapport technique a t labor par le Comit Technique CIE 5-11 de la Division 5 “Eclairage ex
25、trieur et autres applications“ et a t approuv par le Bureau de la Commission Internationale de lEclairage, pour tude et emploi. Le document expose les connaissances et lexprience actuelles dans le domaine particulier de la lumire et de lclairage dcrit ici. Il est destin tre utilis par les membres de
26、 la CIE et par tous les intresss. Il faut cependant noter que ce document est indicatif et non obligatoire. Il faut consulter les plus rcents comptes rendus de la CIE, ou le CIE NEWS, en ce qui concerne des amendements nouveaux ventuels. Dieser Technische Bericht ist vom CIE Technischen Komitee 5-11
27、 der Division 5 “Auenbeleuchtung und andere Lichtanwendungen“ ausgearbeitet und vom Vorstand der Commission Internationale de lEclairage gebilligt worden. Das Dokument berichtet ber den derzeitigen Stand des Wissens und Erfahrung in dem behandelten Gebiet von Licht und Beleuchtung; es ist zur Verwen
28、dung durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessierte bestimmt. Es sollte jedoch beachtet werden, da das Dokument eine Empfehlung und keine Vorschrift ist. Die neuesten CIE-Tagungsberichte oder das CIE NEWS sollten im Hinblick auf mgliche sptere nderungen zu Rate gezogen werden. Any mention of or
29、ganisations or products does not imply endorsement by the CIE. Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of any lists, up to the time of going to press, these may not be comprehensive. Toute mention dorganisme ou de produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr le soin apport la comp
30、ilation de tous les documents jusqu la mise sous presse, ce travail ne saurait tre exhaustif. Die Erwhnung von Organisationen oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch die CIE. Obgleich groe Sorgfalt bei der Erstellung von Verzeichnissen bis zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung angewendet wurde, ist
31、 es mglich, da diese nicht vollstndig sind. CIE 2005 All rights reserved II CIE 169:2005 The following members of TC 5-11, “Practical design guidelines for sports lighting installations for television“ took part in the preparation of this technical report. The committee comes under Division 5 “Exter
32、ior and other lighting applications“. Members: H. M. Allegue Argentina G. J. van den Beld Netherlands (Chair from 1997) A. Birmingham Great Britain (from 1996) H. D. Einhorn ! South Africa (from 1994 to 2000) L. Di Fraia Italy R. A. Hargroves ! Great Britain (Chair until 1997) J. Horvth ! Hungary E.
33、 Kasurinen Finland (until 1993) J. Lecocq France T. M. Lemons USA L. Ludwig Germany (until 1993) P. Nilanen Finland (from 1994) C. Potter Great Britain (until 1994) A. Stockmar Germany E. Wittwer Switzerland K. Yoshikawa Japan C. H. Zieseniss Germany (until 1994) The production of the figures by Tun
34、gsram-Schrder is gratefully acknowledged. III CIE 169:2005 Contents SUMMARY VI RESUME VI ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VI PART A: INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL ASPECTS 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 3. CTV CAMERA SYSTEMS 3 4. DETAILED DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 5 4.1 Drawing up a lighting specification
35、4.2 Calculation grids and methods 6 4.2.1 Calculation methods 8 4.3 Design criteria 4.4 Installation and commissioning 9 5. MAINTENANCE 10 6. LAMPS 11 7. LUMINAIRES 12 7.1 Photometric characteristics 12 7.2 Other requirements 13 8. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 14 9. SUMMARY AND USE OF RECOMMENDATIONS 15 PART
36、B: SPECIFIC SPORTS 16 1. AMERICAN FOOTBALL 2. ARCHERY 16 3. ATHLETICS 17 4. BADMINTON 21 5. BANDY 22 6. BASEBALL 23 7. BASKETBALL 25 8. BILLIARD/SNOOKER 26 9. BOB here spill-light can affect occupants in the neighbourhood, users of adjacent roads and other transport means (air, marine, rail) as well
37、 as astronomers. It should be noted that objects used in playing sports, for example, a tennis ball, must still be seen in the space above the playing area to an appropriate height. Consequently, depending on the structure of the sports venue and the type of lighting installation, obtrusive light ca
38、nnot always be avoided. In CIE 150:2003, the design aspects with respect to obtrusive light are given and should preferably be implemented in the design specification. The amount of obtrusive light can be reduced by good lighting design based upon optimal location and choice of lighting units, which
39、 should be properly aimed and maintained. As the majority of outdoor lighting CTV installations are in stadium, special care is needed for lighting solutions realised by mast lighting systems. Luminaires integrated, for example, in roof structures, minimise, to a large extent, obtrusive light in the
40、 environment, although well controlled beams are still necessary to reduce spill-light emitted to the sky. 4.4 Installation and commissioning In the lighting design phase, some aspects of carrying out the installation need attention to achieve optimal quality. In Section 8, a number of aspects of th
41、e electrical installation are included. In addition, care should be taken that switching of the various partial luminaire arrangements is in logical groups to avoid the impression that some lighting units are failing. As such, the lighting layout of the lighting units over a line or the head frame o
42、f the mast should be included. Moreover, the layout (and spacing of the luminaires) should be such that all lighting units can be aimed properly without screening of light by adjacent luminaires or structural elements. Aiming should be carried out accurately according to the recommendation of the lu
43、minaire supplier, supported by special tools available from the supplier (e.g. aiming telescopes or angular aiming devices). When commissioning the installation, the following points should be considered: a) Check on luminaire position Both the distance and the height of the luminaires should be che
44、cked for compliance with the specifications. It should be noted that mast height is not usually equal to the light point height above the playing area level and the mast can be slightly shifted for good reasons, in the installation phase, without affecting the lighting designers work. b) Check on ai
45、ming A number of luminaires should be checked for compliance with the lighting design. Possible screening of the emitted light should be checked (by individual luminaires, roof edges, structural elements, etc.). It should be noted that in the installation phase changes might be implemented which hav
46、e not been communicated to the lighting designers. c) Judgement of visual impression To properly judge the overall impression under artificial lighting conditions, it is also necessary to visit the sports facility under daylight conditions to evaluate brightness and colour contrasts of the playing s
47、urface (e.g. in an outdoor stadium a shaded grass area might have a darker green colour). d) Lighting measurements Measurements should be made after a known number of hours of running the lamps. The initial photometric measurements should be made at approximately 100 hours of lamp operation. The per
48、iod between installation and measurement should preferably be as short as possible. Measurements should be taken with a light meter within its calibration period and with sufficiently accurate colour response and cosine correction. Ballast input voltage measurements should also be made in a regular
49、sequence during the lighting measurements to avoid difficulties in comparing 9 CIE 169:2005 measured and calculated data. Lamp voltages can be measured to check the voltage drops between ballast and lamp if applicable. The measuring grid is usually based on half the number of calculated grid points (see specific sports). As many CTV installations have one or more axes of symmetry, measurements can be carried out on half (or quarter) of th
