CLC TR 50451-2007 Railway applications C Systematic allocation of safety integrity requirements《轨道交通 安全完整性要求的系统分配》.pdf
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1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CLC/TR 50451:2007Railway applications Systematic allocation of safety integrity requirementsICS 45.020; 93.100g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g
2、51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58CLC/TR 50451:2007This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 June 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 52932 0National forewordThis Published Document was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of CLC/TR
3、50451:2007. It supersedes PD R009-004:2001 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GEL/9, Railway electrotechnical applications, to Subcommittee GEL/9/1, Signalling and communications.A list of organizations represented on this committee can b
4、e obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsTECHNICAL REPORT CLC/TR 50451 RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERIC
5、HT May 2007 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any mea
6、ns reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. CLC/TR 50451:2007 E ICS 45.020;93.100 Supersedes R009-004:2001English version Railway applications Systematic allocation of safety integrity requirements Applications ferroviaires Allocation systmatique des exigences dintgrit de la scurit Bahnanwen
7、dungen Systematische Zuordnung von Sicherheitsintegrittsanforderungen This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2006-02-18. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greec
8、e, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Foreword This Technical Report was prepared by SC 9XA, Communication, signalling and processing system
9、s, of Technical Committee CENELEC TC 9X, Electrical and electronic applications for railways. The text of the draft was circulated for vote in accordance with the Internal Regulations, Part 2, Subclause 11.4.3.3 and was approved by CENELEC as CLC/TR 50451 on 2006-02-18. This Technical Report superse
10、des R009-004:2001. _ 2 CLC/TR 50451:2007Contents Executive summary . 4 Introduction . 7 1 Scope 8 2 References 9 2.1 Normative references . 9 2.2 Informative references 9 3 Definitions 10 4 Symbols and abbreviations 17 5 Safety Integrity Levels allocation framework 18 5.1 Prerequisites 18 5.2 Overvi
11、ew of the methodology . 18 5.3 Definition of Safety Integrity Levels. 22 5.4 Qualitative vs quantitative methods 23 5.4.1 Qualitative assessment 23 5.4.2 Quantitative assessment 24 5.5 EN 50126-1 lifecycle context 25 6 System definition 27 7 Hazard identification 28 7.1 General principles 28 7.2 Emp
12、irical hazard identification methods 30 7.3 Creative hazard identification methods. 30 7.4 Hazard ranking. 31 7.5 Existing hazard lists 31 8 Risk analysis 31 8.1 Risk tolerability . 31 8.2 Determination of Tolerable Hazard Rate. 32 8.2.1 Qualitative risk analysis . 32 8.2.2 Quantitative risk analysi
13、s 34 8.2.3 GAMAB and similar approaches. 40 8.2.4 The MEM approach 41 8.2.5 Other approaches. 42 9 System design analysis 42 9.1 Apportionment of safety integrity requirements to functions 43 9.1.1 Physical independence. 44 9.1.2 Functional independence . 45 9.1.3 Process independence . 46 9.2 Use o
14、f SIL tables 46 9.3 Identification and treatment of new hazards arising from design. 47 9.4 Determination of function and subsystem SIL. 48 9.5 Determination of safety integrity requirements for system elements . 50 Annex A Single-line signalling system example 52 Annex B Level crossing example 67 A
15、nnex C Comparison of demand and continuous mode . 77 Annex D Frequently asked questions . 87 3 CLC/TR 50451:2007Among the risk analysis methods two are proposed in order to estimate the individual risk explicitly, one more qualitative, the other more quantitative. Other methods, similar to the GAMAB
16、 principle, do not explicitly determine the resulting risks, but derive the tolerable hazard rates from comparison with the performance of existing systems, either by statistical or analytical methods. Alternative qualitative approaches are acceptable, if as a result they define a list of hazards an
17、d corresponding THR. The specification of the system requirements comprising performance and safety (THR) terminates the Railway Authoritys task. Figure 0.2 - Example Risk Analysis process The suppliers task (summarized by the term System Design Analysis) comprises definition of the system architect
18、ure, analysis of the causes leading to each hazard, determination of the safety integrity requirements (SIL and hazard rates) for the subsystems, determination of the reliability requirements for the equipment. SYSTEM DefinitionNear misseswithTargetSyst em DESIGN ANALYSIS 4 CLC/TR 50451:2007Causal a
19、nalysis constitutes two key stages. In the first phase the tolerable hazard rate for each hazard is apportioned to a functional level. Safety Integrity Levels (SIL) are defined at this functional level for the subsystems implementing the functionality. The hazard rate for a subsystem is then transla
20、ted to a SIL using the SIL table. During the second phase the hazard rates for subsystems are further apportioned leading to failure rates for the equipment, but at this physical implementation level the SIL remains unchanged. Consequently also the software SIL defined by EN 50128 would be the same
21、as the subsystem SIL but for the exceptions described in EN 50128. The apportionment process may be performed by any method which allows a suitable representation of the combination logic, e.g. reliability block diagrams, fault trees, binary decision diagrams, Markov models etc. In any case particul
22、ar care must be taken when independence of items is required. While in the first phase of the causal analysis functional independence is required, physical independence is sufficient in the second phase. Assumptions made in the causal analysis must be checked and may lead to safety-relevant applicat
23、ion rules for the implementation. Figure 0.3 - Example System Design Analysis process Both, the risk analysis and the system design analysis, have to be approved by the Railway Safety Authority. However whilst the risk analysis may be carried out once at the railway level, the system design analysis
24、 must be performed for every new architecture. It is prudent to review the risk analysis and system design analysis when safety related changes are introduced. List ofhazardsand THRSIL tableUndetected failureof power supplyLate or no switch-in Undetetced failureof road-sidewarningsUndetected failure
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