1、UDC 699.814.4 DEUTSCHE NORM May 1990 Fire behaviour of building materials and elements Brandschacht - DIN 41 02 - Part 15 Brandverhalten von Baustoffen und Bauteilen; Brandschacht Supersedes parts of DIN 4102 Part 1, May 1981 edition. In keeping with current practice in standards published by the In
2、ternational Organization for Standardization (ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal markel: Dimensions in mm Contents Page Page 1 Scope and field of application . 2 6.1.2 Measurement of Brandschacht _. wall temperature 5 2 Principle . 2 Measurement of methane and combustion 3 Dssigna
3、tion 2 air temDeratures 5 6.1.3 4 Brandschacht design 2 6.2 Measurement of volume flow rate of intake air . 5 4.1 General . 2 6.3 Measurement of methane and combustion 4.2.1 Walls . . 2 6.4 Measurement of pressure inside 4.2 Housing 2 air volume flow rates 5 42.2 Doors . 2 the Brandschacht . 5 4.2.3
4、 Windows 2 4.2.4 Wall temperature measuring PO 4.2.5 Screen . 4.2.6 Perforated plate 2 4.3 Airsupply . 2 4.4 Exhaust duct . 2 4.5 Burner . 3 5 Specimens and s 5.1 General 3 5.2 Mounting frame 5.3 Specimenholders . 3 5.4 Specimen fixings 6 Instrumentation and ancillary equipment 5 6.1 Thermocouples.
5、. 5 6.1.1 Measurement of flue gas and intake air temperatures 5 7 Test conditions and procedure 5 7.1 Test conditions 5 7.2 Procedure 5 8 Inspection testing of Brandschacht elements 5 8.1 Uniformity of thermal loading 5 8.2 Instruments in the air supply system 6 8.3 Uniformity of air supply . 6 8.4
6、Tightness . 6 8.5 Flue gas temperature thermocouples . 6 8.6 Requirements . 6 Standards referred to . 15 Explanatory notes . 15 Previous editions 15 Amendments 15 Continued on pages 2 to 15. Beuth Verkg GrnbH, Berlin. has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). DIN 4102 Part 1
7、5 Engl. Price group 10 0793 Sales No. 0110 Page 2 DIN 4102 Part 15 1 Scope and field of application This standard describes a test construction termed BrandSchacht*) for the fire testing of building materials and elements. It provides information on the type, dimen- sions, number and installation of
8、 specimens and specifies test conditions and requirements for inspection testing. *) Translators note. Since there is no English equivalent for Brandschacht, this term is used to designate the apparatus used for fire testing as described here. 2 Principle The Brandschacht is a square housing, into w
9、hich air at a constant flow rate is introduced from below, and from which flue gas escapes from above. It is equipped with a square gas burner by means of which the specimens, arranged in a mounting frame so as to form a flue, are exposed to flame. 3 Designation A Brandschacht designed and construct
10、ed in accordance with this standard shall be designated: Brandschacht DIN 4102 - 15 4 Brandschacht design 4.1 General The Brandschacht shall incorporate the elements described in subclauses 4.2, 4.4, 6.1.1 and 6.4 and be assembled as shown in figure 1. 4.2 Housing 4.21 Walls The Brandschacht walls s
11、hall be composed of the follow- ing layers, the order reflecting their arrangement from inside to outside: a) 1,5 mm thick sheet of R St 37-2 steel complying with DIN 17100); b) 6 mm thick ceramic felt, with a density not exceed- ing 600 kg/m32); c) two 40 mm thick layers of minerai fibre insulating
12、 material complying with DIN 18165 Part 1, of building material class Al as defined in DIN 4102 Part 1, hav- ing a density of about 100 kg/m3 and a minimum melting point of lOOO”C, as specified in DIN 4102 Part 17, the layers being arranged with staggered joints; d) fibre cement or sheet steel as ou
13、termost layer. The sheet used for the lining shall be applied in sections so as to reduce the likelihood of overall deformation due to thermal effects. The walls shall be supported by means of equal steel angles measuring 40 mm x 5 mm or 40 mm x 4 mm. Thermal bridges between the lining and the outer
14、most layer shall be avoided. 4.2.2 Doors One side of the Brandschacht shall be provided with one door or, where necessary, two doors arranged vertically, that can be closed tightly, their size being selected as a function of the specimens to be put through them. The door(s) shall be constructed from
15、 the same elements as the Brandschacht walls and be located so that the screen and perforated plate can be easily removed for cleaning or replacement. Strips of non-combustible ceramic fibre material2) shall be used to seal the door(s). 4.2.3 Windows Both the door and one Brandschacht wall shall be
16、pro- vided with an observation opening, into which a window with an inner clear area of about 0,2 m2 shall be fitted, installation of two smaller adjacent windows with a total clear area of about 0,2 m2 also being permitted. The win- dows shall be constructed of two panes of heat-resistant glass*),
17、each 4 mm thick, separated by an air space and installed so that the inner pane is flush with the inside surface of the Brandschacht. 4.2.4 Wall temperature measuring points The Brandschacht wall temperature shall be measured at two points as described in subclause 6.1.2, each point being located on
18、 the two walls without observation open- ing. Each measuring point shall be positioned along the vertical axis of the wall, at a height of 460 mm above the top of the burner. 4.2.5 Screen A screen made from DIN 4189 - 1,251 x 0,56 St vzk woven wire cloth, with a percentage apertures (ratio of total
19、area of apertures to total area of screen) of 48 %, shall be installed horizontally in the Brandschacht, with tight joints along the Brandschacht walls (see detail X in figure 2). 4.2.6 Perforated plate Below the screen, a perforated plate made of 1,2 to 1,5 mm thick sheet steel, with uniformly dist
20、ributed holes 4,5 to 5,5 mm in diameter and a percentage apertures of 7 %to 8 % shall be fitted. 4.3 Air supply The Brandschacht shall be supplied with air from below, at a constant flow rate and temperature (cf. subclause Zl), so as to produce uniform air flow through the Brand- Schacht. Such unifo
21、rmity can be achieved in one of the following ways. a) The air is introduced from below via a tube con- nected at right angles to the Brandschacht (see figure 3a). b) The air flow is controlled by means of a damping element (e.g. mineral fibre pad2) installed flush with the inside surface of the Bra
22、ndschacht (see figure 3 b). The measuring point for determining the temperature of the air supplied shall be located on the axis of the Brandschacht. in the zone where the air enters it. 4.4 Exhaust duct The exhaust duct shall be provided with a control device designed to maintain a negative pressur
23、e in the Brand- Schacht throughout the test The pressure tapping shall be positioned at the same level as the light measuring system (see figure 1). Note. It is advisable that the Brandschacht be connected to a flue gas purification system. Five thermocouples shall be used to measure the flue gas te
24、mperature, these being placed at a height of 1560 mm above the top of the burner, as shown in section B-B of figure 1. To measure the optical density in the Brandschacht, a DIN 500551) light measuring system shall be arranged at a level of 1660 mm above the upper face of the burner, ) Superseded by
25、DIN EN 10 025. 2, Information on sources of supply is obtainable from DIN- Bezugsquellen fr normgerechte Erzeugnisse of DIN, Burggrafenstrae 6, D-10787 Berlin. DIN 4102 Part 15 Page 3 2 mounted outside the Brandschacht on a separate frame connected to the Brandschacht at only one point to avoid defo
26、rmation due to thermal effects. Where the exhaust duct has a bend, the axis of the light measuring system shall be parallel to that of the bend. Light source and receiver shall be placed inside steel tubes with an internal diameter of 50 mm, with an open end facing towards the Brandschacht interior.
27、 To keep the light measuring system free of smoke, each tube shall be provided with a con- nection for introducing purging air tangentially at a rate of 25 L/ h. Thermoplastic elements or element not fixed by screwing, up to 30 mm thick 4.5 Burner The ignition source shall be a square gas burner as
28、shown in figure 4, each side of which being provided with eight nozzles made of DIN 17440 stainless steel and hav- ing a diameter of 3,5 mm (tolerance H9). The nozzles shall be installed so that their upper edges are located in a plane horizontal to within 50.5 mm. The burner shall be operated using
29、 a mixture of methane with a minimum purity of 99 % and air, supplied to the burner, using a system as shown in figure 5, via a tube installed in the Brandschacht wall above the screen (cf.figure 1). The ignition system shall permit simultaneous ignition at all nozzles, when the Brandschacht is clos
30、ed. This can be achieved, for example, by providing pilot flames with separate gas supplies, at two opposite corners of the bur- ner, taking care to ensure that the flames do not interfere with the installation of the specimens nor come into con- tact with them. 5 Specimens and specimen support syst
31、em 5.1 General Testing shall be carried out on test assemblies consisting of four 190 mm wide and 1000 mm long specimens installed in a mounting frame, using specimen holders where appropriate, and arranged to form a square flue with internal dimensions of 250 mm x 250 mm Table 1. Specimen fixings N
32、o. Item I Type of specimen (cf. figure 6). The specimens shall be placed so that their lower edges are 40 mm below the upper face of the burner. The assemblies shall be tested either in the upright posi- tion (.e. standing on the Brandschacht floor; cf. figure 7) or suspended (cf. figure 8), with th
33、eir vertical axes coincid- ing with the burner vertical axis. 5.2 Mounting frame The mounting frame shall be constructed from steel sec- tions of sufficient rigidity to resist substantial deformation during testing. To ensure that test assemblies are held in position during testing, the mounting fra
34、me shall be provided with a sup- port grid for assemblies tested in their upright position. In the case of suspended assemblies, these shall be held by stops installed at the upper third of the frame and at other appropriate positions on the Brandschacht wall (cf. figure 8). If specimen holders are
35、used, the mounting frame shall be provided with appropriate means of attaching them. 5.3 Specimen holders Specimen holders shall be constructed from steel sec- tions of sufficient rigidity to resist substantial deformation during testing. Provision shall be made for adequate means of attaching them
36、to the mounting frame in such a way that the specimens can be arranged as required. Each holder, except that used for composite panels with joint (cf. table 1, item No. 4), shall be provided with two fixings, these being selected as a function of the spe- cimen type in accordance with table I and mo
37、unted at the positions shown in figure 9. For specimens that cannot be secured by means of the above holders (e. g. pipe sections of semi-circular form), purpose-made holders shall be used (cf. DIN 4102 Part 16) 5.4 Specimen fixings Specimen fixings shall be used as shown in table 1. Fixing Bolt (po
38、inted) I Retaining pin Table continued on page 4. Page 4 Table 1 (continued). DIN 4102 Part 15 Type of specimen Back-ventilated external wall cladding units Composite panels, tongue-and-groove jointed, with covered cut faces (cf. DIN 4102 Part 16) Elements fixed by screwing Elements not fixed by scr
39、ewing, more than 30 mm thick Elements which do not undergo deformation in the test (also suitable for specimen type Nos. 5 and 6) Fixing Spacer (sleeve with washers) Insulating materi? DIN 705 adjusting ring Fibre cement sheet 40 Length 1004 Specimen J T is the gas temperature, in “C; Po is 1013 mba
40、r; p is the ambient air pressure, in mbar; Ap is the pressure at the flowmeter, in mbar. 7.1.3 Before installing the test assembly, the Brand- Schacht walls shall be heated to a temperature of 50C and then allowed to cool to a temperature of 40C I 5K. 7.1.4 The light measuring system shall be made o
41、pera- tive and the purging air supply set as specified in sub- clause 4.4. Z2 Procedure The test assembly shall be placed into the Brandschacht and the Brandschacht door closed, and the flow rate of the intake air set to comply with the value specified in subclause 7.1.1. The burner shall be ignited
42、 and the specimens exposed to flame for ten minutes. Throughout the test, the pressure differential between Brandschacht and laboratory shall be maintained at (-15 I 10) Pa. The test assembly shall remain in the Brandschacht until the process (including any afterflame, afterglow or smoul- dering) ha
43、s ended. During this period, the air supply shall be controlled to comply with the value specified in sub- clause 7.1.1 (cf. DIN 4102 Part 16). 8 Inspection testing of Brandschacht 8.1 Uniformity of thermal loading To check the uniformity and level of thermal loading to which specimens are subjected
44、, a test run shall be carried out using a reference assembly. This shall consist of four 3 mm thick sheets made of DIN 17440 stain- less steel, fastened to a holder made from 30 mm x 20 mm x 4 mm channel sections by means of countersunk head bolts, placed 10 mm apart, at the posi- tions specified in
45、 subclause 5.3. The assembly shall be suspended in the mounting frame (cf. figure 12). A thermocouple made of 0.5 mm thick NiCr-Ni wire shall be welded to the back of each sheet, at the position shown in figure 12. A squar ceramic sheet, 30 mm in size and 1,5 mm to 2 mm thick, shall be used to cover
46、 each thermocouple and be fixed by adhesion. Testing shall be carried out as specified in subclause 7.2, satisfying the conditions specified in subclause 7.1. The mean values of the results obtained at the four measuring points shall be calculated and recorded as a function of time. elements Page 6
47、DIN 4102 Part 15 After the ?Brandschach? has been on for ten minutes, the average temperature shall be 540C f 15 K. If this value is exceeded in the first test, two further tests shall be car- ried out to achieve the required value, this then being determined as the mean from the results obtained fr
48、om three tests. 8.2 The instruments in the air supply system shall be checked by measurements taken in the supply pipe, using instruments of the same accuracy class or better as used for testing. 8.3 Uniformity of air supply To check the uniformity of air supply to the ?Brand- Schacht?, the air velo
49、city shall be measured at the screen at the positions shown in figure 13, using an anemometer, with the ?Brandschacht? door closed. Measurements shall be made at a volume flow rate of 10 m3/min and a pressure differential between ?Brand- Schacht? and laboratory of -2 to -15 Pa, the ?Brand- Schacht? walls not being preheated. Instruments in the air supply system Table 2. Inspection procedures and requirements of test assembly Burner Flue gas temperature thermocouples Uniformity of thermal
