1、December 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 13No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.040.20!$=“1562699w
2、ww.din.deDDIN ISO 16000-16Indoor air Part 16: Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling by filtration (ISO 16000-16:2008)English version of DIN ISO 16000-16:2009-12Innenraumluftverunreinigungen Teil 16: Nachweis und Zhlung von Schimmelpilzen Probenahme durch Filtration (ISO 16000-16:2008)Englisch
3、e Fassung DIN ISO 16000-16:2009-12www.beuth.deDocument comprises 27 pagesThis standard has been included in the VDI/DIN Handbooks on air quality, volumes 1a and 5. Contents Page National foreword3 Introduction .7 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions8 4 Principle10 5 Apparatus a
4、nd materials.10 5.1 Sampling device.10 5.2 Materials .11 6 Measurement procedure .11 6.1 Preparation for sampling 11 6.2 Sampling.13 6.3 Sampling period.13 6.4 Transport and storage.13 7 Sampling efficiency and method limitations 14 8 Calibration of flow rate, function control and maintenance of the
5、 sampling system 14 8.1 Calibration of flow rate14 8.2 Function control and maintenance14 9 Quality assurance14 10 Sampling protocol .15 11 Performance characteristics 15 Annex A (informative) Recovery of spores on gelatine filters in combination with polycarbonate filters .16 Annex B (informative)
6、Technical description of a suitable filtration device .18 Annex C (informative) Sampling protocol.21 Annex D (informative) Trials for method validation.23 Bibliography 27 2DIN ISO 16000-16:2009-12DIN ISO 16000-16:2009-12 National foreword International technical regulation pertaining to indoor air T
7、his standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 “Air quality”, Subcommittee SC 6 “Indoor air“ (Secretariat: DIN, Germany), Working Group WG 10 “Fungi”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft (KRdL) im VDI und DIN Normenausschu
8、ss (Commission on Air Pollution Prevention of VDI and DIN Standards Committee), Joint Technical Committee Bioaerosole und biologische Agenzien. Sampling by filtration specified in this standard is based on Guideline VDI 4252 Blatt 2 which has been prepared for the outdoor environment. The procedures
9、 are in principle identical. The VDI procedure has been adapted to be suitable for indoor environments and has been validated on the basis of comprehensive analyses. This standard describes an active long-term sampling whereas an active short-term sampling (1 min to 10 min) is performed according to
10、 DIN ISO 16000-18. General and substance-specific aspects which should be taken into account before and during sampling, as well as methods for determining individual substances or groups of substances and microorganisms in indoor air are described in the various parts of DIN ISO 16000 and DIN EN IS
11、O 16000. The DIN Standard corresponding to the International Standard referred to in clause 2 of this standard is as follows: ISO 16000-17 DIN ISO 16000-17 It is permitted to reproduce the sampling protocol given in Annex C for in-house purposes. National technical regulation pertaining to indoor ai
12、r General conditions and other aspects to be taken into consideration when planning indoor air measurements are described for individual substances and substance groups in the VDI 4300 series (see also “National Annex NA”). Many of these served as the sole basis for parts of the ISO 16000 series (e.
13、g. ISO 16000-1, ISO 16000-2, ISO 16000-5, ISO 16000-7, ISO 16000-12, ISO 16000-15, ISO 16000-16, ISO 16000-17 and ISO 16000-18). The specific procedures (sampling, analysis) are described in the VDI 4301 series for individual substances and substance groups. Methods which can be used for both indoor
14、 and ambient air measurements are described in further VDI guidelines. DIN ISO 16000 series and DIN EN ISO 16000 series consist of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air: DIN EN ISO 16000-1, General aspects of sampling strategy DIN EN ISO 16000-2, Sampling strategy for formaldehyde
15、DIN ISO 16000-3, Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds Active sampling method DIN ISO 16000-4, Determination of formaldehyde Diffusive sampling method DIN EN ISO 16000-5, Measurement strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) DIN ISO 16000-6, Determination of volatile organi
16、c compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TAsorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS/FID DIN EN ISO 16000-7, Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations DIN ISO 16000-8, Determination of local mean ages of air in build
17、ings for characterizing ventilation conditions 3 DIN ISO 16000-16:2009-12 DIN EN ISO 16000-9, Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing Emission test chamber method DIN EN ISO 16000-10, Determination of the emission of volatile organic compound
18、s from building products and furnishing Emission test cell method DIN EN ISO 16000-11, Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens DIN EN ISO 16000-12, Sampling strategy for polychlor
19、inated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated ibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) DIN ISO 16000-13: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/di
20、benzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) Collection on sorbent-backed filters DIN ISO 16000-14, Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) Extraction, clean-up and analysis by high-resolution gas chr
21、omatography/mass spectrometry DIN EN ISO 16000-15, Sampling strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) DIN ISO 16000-16, Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling by filtration DIN ISO 16000-17, Detection and enumeration of moulds Culture-based method DIN ISO 16000-23, Performance test for evaluating th
22、e reduction of formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive building materials DIN ISO 16000-24, Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic compounds and carbonyl compounds without formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive building materials DIN ISO 16000-25, Determination of the emi
23、ssion of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products Micro-chamber method The following parts are under preparation: DIN ISO 16000-18, Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling by impaction DIN ISO 16000-19, Sampling strategy for moulds DIN ISO 16000-26, Sampling strategy for carbon diox
24、ide CO2 DIN ISO 16000-27, Standard method for the quantitative analysis of asbestos fibres in settled dust DIN ISO 16000-28, Sensory evaluation of emissions from building materials and products The following parts are planned: DIN ISO 16000-20, Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling from house
25、 dust DIN ISO 16000-21, Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling from materials DIN ISO 16000-22, Detection and enumeration of moulds Molecular methods 4 DIN ISO 16000-16:2009-12 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 14412, Indoor air quality Diffusive samplers for the determinatio
26、n of concentrations of gases and vapours Guide for selection, use and maintenance DIN EN ISO 9169, Air quality Definition and determination of performance characteristics of an automatic measuring system DIN EN ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambiant and workplace air Sampling and analysis of volatile organic
27、compounds by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography Part 1: Pumped sampling DIN EN ISO 16017-2, Indoor, ambient and workplace air Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography Part 2: Diffusive sampling DIN E
28、N ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories DIN ISO 12219-1, Indoor air Road vehicles Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber Specification and method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in car interiors (under preparation) DIN ISO 1288
29、4, Ambient air Determination of total (gas and particle phase) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Collection on sorbent-backed filters with gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis DIN ISO 16362, Ambient air Determination of particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by high performance li
30、quid chromatography DIN V ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement VDI 2464 Part 1, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polychlorinated biphynyls (PCBs); GC/MS method for PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180 VDI 2464 Part 2, Ambient air measurement Indoor
31、air measurement Measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); HR-GC/HR-MS method for coplanar PCBs VDI 3484 Part 1, Gaseous ambient air measurements Indoor-air pollution measurements Test gases measurements; Measurement of the formaldehyde concentration with the sulfite pararosaniline method VDI
32、3484 Part 2, Gaseous ambient air measurements Indoor-air pollution measurements Measurement of the formaldehyde concentration with the acatylacetone method VDI 3498 Part 1, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans; Method using
33、 large filters VDI 3498 2, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans; Method using small filters PartVDI 4300 Part 1, Indoor-air pollution measurement General aspects of measurement strategy VDI 4300 Part 2, Indoor-air pollution
34、 measurement Measurement strategy for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 5 DIN ISO 16000-16:2009-12 VDI 4300 Part 4, Indoor air pollution measurement Measurement strategy for p
35、entachlorophenol (PCP) and -hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) in indoor air VDI 4300 Part 5, Indoor air pollution measurement Measurement strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) VDI 4300 Part 7, Indoor-air pollution measurement Measurement of indoor air change rate VDI 4300 Part 8, Measurement of indoor a
36、ir pollution Sampling of house dust VDI 4300 Part 9, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement strategy for carbon dioxide (CO2) VDI 4300 Part 10, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement strategies for determination of mould fungi in indoor environment VDI 4301 Part 1, Indoor air pollu
37、tion measurement Determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide Manual photometric method (Saltzman) VDI 4301 Part 2, Indoor air pollution measurement Measurement of pentaclorophenol (PCP) and -hexa-chlorocyclohexane (lindane) GC/MS-method VDI 4301 Part 3, Measurement of indoor air pollution
38、 Measurement pentaclorophenol (PCP) and -hexa-chlorocyclohexane (lindane) GC/ECD method VDI 4301 Part 4, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement of pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide in air, house dust and solvent wipe samples VDI 4301 Part 5, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement
39、of flame retardants and plasticizers based on phosphor organic compounds Phosphoric acid ester The following VDI Guidelines are under preparation: VDI 2464 Part 3, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (flame retardants) VDI 4300 Part 11, Measur
40、ement of indoor air pollution Measurement strategies for fine dust VDI 4301 Part 6, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement of phthalates 6 Indoor air Part 16: Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling by filtration Introduction Mould is a common name for filamentous fungi from different
41、taxonomic groups (Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes Ascomycota, Deuteromycetes). They form a mycelium (hyphae) and spores namely conidiospores (conidia), sporangiospores or ascospores by which they become visible macroscopically. Most spores are in the size range 2 m to10 m, some up to 30 m and a very few up
42、 to 100 m. Spores of some mould genera are small and become airborne very easily (e.g. Aspergillus, Penicillium) while others are bigger and/or embedded in a slime matrix (Stachybotrys, Fusarium) and less mobile. Mould spores are widely distributed in the outdoor environment and, therefore, also occ
43、ur in varying concentrations indoors. Growth of moulds in indoor environments, however, should be considered a public health problem because epidemiological studies have revealed that dampness and/or mould growth in homes and health impairment of occupants are closely related. Standardised methods f
44、or sampling, detection and enumeration of moulds including standards for sampling strategies are important for comparative assessment of mould problems indoors. Before taking any measurements, a measurement strategy is required. The procedure specified in this part of ISO 16000 is based on VDI 4252-
45、27, which is widely used for detection and enumeration of fungi in ambient air and was adapted to be suitable also for indoor environments. 7DIN ISO 16000-16:2009-12WARNING The use of this part of ISO 16000 may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This part of ISO 16000 does not pu
46、rport to address any safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this part of ISO 16000 to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1 Scope This part of ISO 16000 specifies requireme
47、nts for long-term (0,5 h to several hours) sampling of moulds in indoor air by filtration. Following the instructions given, a sample is obtained for subsequent detection of moulds by cultivation after suspension according to ISO 16000-17, which is part of the complete measurement procedure. This pa
48、rt of ISO 16000 is not suitable for personal sampling. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includ
49、ing any amendments) applies. ISO 16000-17, Indoor air Part 17: Detection and enumeration of moulds Culture-based method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 aerodynamic diameter diameter of a sphere of relative density 1 with the same terminal velocity due to gravitational force in calm air as the particle, under the
