1、May 2014Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.
2、040.20!%1+“2149408www.din.deDDIN ISO 16000-21Indoor air Part 21: Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling from materials (ISO 16000-21:2013),English translation of DIN ISO 16000-21:2014-05Innenraumluftverunreinigungen Teil 21: Nachweis und Zhlung von Schimmelpilzen Probenahme von Materialien (IS
3、O 16000-21:2013),Englische bersetzung von DIN ISO 16000-21:2014-05Air intrieur Partie 21: Dtection et dnombrement des moisissures chantillonnage partir de matriaux (ISO 16000-21:2013),Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 16000-21:2014-05www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be c
4、onsidered authoritative.Document comprises 19 pages04.14This standard has been included in the VDI/DIN Handbook on air quality, Volume 5.A comma is used as the decimal marker. ContentsPage National foreword .3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography .5 Introduction .8 1 Scope .9 2 Normative ref
5、erences .9 3 Terms and definitions 9 4 Principle of method . 10 5 Apparatus and materials . 10 5.1 Equipment for sampling . 10 5.2 Equipment for preparing the agar plates . 11 5.3 Equipment for processing the bulk samples . 11 6 Culture media and reagents 11 6.1 General 11 6.2 Dichlorane 18 % glycer
6、ol agar (DG-18) 11 6.3 Malt extract agar 12 6.4 Potato dextrose agar . 12 6.5 Dilution buffer 13 6.6 Staining solution 13 7 Measurement procedure . 14 7.1 Sampling from surfaces 14 7.2 Bulk sampling 15 7.3 Transport and storage . 15 7.4 Direct microscopy . 15 7.5 Suspension of material and swab samp
7、les 15 8 Quality assurance 16 9 Sampling protocol . 16 10 Performance characteristics 16 Annex A (informative) Sample exchange for method validation 17 Bibliography . 19 DIN ISO 16000-21:2014-052National foreword International technical regulation pertaining to indoor air This standard (ISO 16000-21
8、) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 “Air quality”, Sub-committee SC 6 “Indoor air”, Working Group WG 10 “Fungi”. (Convenership and Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft (KRdL) im VDI und DIN Norme
9、nausschuss (Commission on Air Pollution Prevention of VDI and DIN Standards Committee), Joint Committee NA 134-03-07 AA Bioaerosole und biologische Agenzien. General and substance-specific aspects which should be taken into account before or during measurements, as well as methods for determining in
10、dividual substances or substance groups, and microorganisms in indoor air are described in the various parts of ISO 16000. The DIN Standard corresponding to the International Standard referred to in Clause 2 of this standard is as follows: ISO 16000-17 DIN ISO 16000-17 Attention is drawn to the poss
11、ibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. DIN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. National technical regulation pertaining to indoor air General conditions and other aspects to be taken into consideration when pla
12、nning indoor air measurements are described for individual substances and substance groups in the VDI 4300 series (see also “National Annex NA”). Many of these served as the sole basis for parts of the ISO 16000 series (e.g. ISO 16000-1, ISO 16000-2, ISO 16000-5, ISO 16000-7, ISO 16000-12, ISO 16000
13、-15, ISO 16000-16, ISO 16000-17 and ISO 16000-18). The specific procedures (sampling, analysis) are described in the VDI 4301 series for individual substances and substance groups. Methods which can be used for both indoor and ambient air measurements are described in further VDI guidelines. The DIN
14、 ISO 16000 series and DIN EN ISO 16000 series consist of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air: DIN EN ISO 16000-1, General aspects of sampling strategy DIN EN ISO 16000-2, Sampling strategy for formaldehyde DIN ISO 16000-3, Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compound
15、s in indoor air and test chamber air Active sampling method DIN ISO 16000-4, Determination of formaldehyde Diffusive sampling method DIN EN ISO 16000-5, Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) DIN ISO 16000-6, Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air
16、 by active sampling on Tenax TAsorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS/FID DIN EN ISO 16000-7, Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations DIN ISO 16000-8, Determination of local mean ages of air in buildings for characterizing ventilation condit
17、ions DIN EN ISO 16000-9, Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing Emission test chamber method DIN EN ISO 16000-10, Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing Emission test chamber method
18、DIN ISO 16000-21:2014-053DIN ISO 16000-21:2014-054 DIN EN ISO 16000-11, Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens DIN EN ISO 16000-12, Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyl
19、s (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) DIN ISO 16000-13, Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (P
20、CDDs/PCDFs) Collection on sorbent-backed filters DIN ISO 16000-14, Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) Extraction, clean-up and analysis by high-resolution gas chromatography/ma
21、ss spectrometry DIN EN ISO 16000-15, Sampling strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) DIN ISO 16000-16, Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling by filtration DIN ISO 16000-17, Detection and enumeration of moulds Culture-based method DIN ISO 16000-18, Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling by
22、impaction DIN ISO 16000-19, Sampling strategy for moulds DIN ISO 16000-21, Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling from materials DIN ISO 16000-23, Performance test for evaluating the reduction of formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive building materials DIN ISO 16000-24, Performance test for
23、evaluating the reduction of volatile organic compounds and carbonyl compounds without formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive building materials DIN ISO 16000-25, Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products Micro-chamber method DIN EN ISO 16000-26, Sampling
24、strategy for carbon dioxide (CO2) DIN ISO 16000-28, Determination of odour emissions from building products using test chambers DIN ISO 16000-29, Test methods for VOC detectors DIN ISO 16000-30, Sensory testing of indoor air DIN ISO 16000-31, Measurement of flame retardants and plasticizers based on
25、 organophosphorus compounds Phosphoric acid ester DIN EN ISO 16000-32, Indoor air Part 32: Investigation of buildings for the occurrence of pollutants The following parts are under preparation: DIN ISO 16000-20, Detection and enumeration of moulds Determination of total spore count DIN ISO 16000-27,
26、 Standard method for the quantitative analysis of asbestos fibres in settled dust The following part is planned: DIN ISO 16000-22, Detection and enumeration of moulds Molecular methods National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN V ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
27、 DIN EN 14412, Indoor air quality Diffusive samplers for the determination of concentrations of gases and vapours Guide for selection, use and maintenance DIN EN ISO 5492, Sensory analysis Vocabulary DIN EN ISO 8199, Water quality General guidance on the enumeration of microorganisms by culture DIN
28、EN ISO 8589, Sensory analysis General guidance for the design of test rooms DIN EN ISO 9169, Air quality Definition and determination of performance characteristics of an automatic measuring system DIN ISO 12219-1, Indoor air of road vehicles Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber Specification and meth
29、od for the determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors DIN ISO 12219-2, Indoor air of road vehicles Part 2: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicle interior parts and materials Bag method DIN ISO 12219-3, Indoor air of roa
30、d vehicles Part 3: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicle interior parts and materials Micro-scale chamber method DIN ISO 12219-4, Indoor air of road vehicles Part 4: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organ
31、ic compounds from vehicle interior parts and materials Small chamber method DIN ISO 12219-5, Indoor air of road vehicles Part 5: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicle interior parts and materials Static chamber method DIN ISO 12884, Ambien
32、t air Determination of total (gas and particle phase) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Collection on sorbent-backed filters with gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis DIN EN ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by sorbent tube/t
33、hermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography Part 1: Pumped sampling 2 DIN EN ISO 16017-2, Indoor, ambient and workplace air Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography Part 2: Diffusive sampling 3 DIN ISO 16362, Ambient air D
34、etermination of particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by high performance liquid chromatography DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories VDI 2464 Part 1, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polychlorinat
35、ed biphenyls (PCBs) GC/MS method for PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180 VDI 2464 Part 2, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) HR-GC/HR-MS method for coplanar PCBs DIN ISO 16000-21:2014-055DIN ISO 16000-21:2014-056VDI 2464 Part 3, Ambient air meas
36、urement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polybrominated diphenylether, hexabromocyclododecane and hexabromobenzene by GC/MS VDI 3484 Part 1, Gaseous ambient air measurements Indoor-air pollution measurements Test gases measurements; Measurement of the formaldehyde concentration with the sulfite
37、 pararosaniline method VDI 3484 Part 2, Gaseous ambient air measurements Indoor-air pollution measurements Measurement of the formaldehyde concentration with the acetylacetone method VDI 3498 Part 1, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and
38、dibenzofurans Method using large filters VDI 3498 Part 2, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans Method using small filters VDI 4252 Part 2, Measurement of airborne microorganisms and viruses in ambient air Active sampling of
39、 bioaerosols Separation of airborne mould on gelatine/polycarbonate filters VDI 4253 Part 2, Measurement of airborne microorganisms and viruses in ambient air Culture based method for the determination of the concentration of mould in air Indirect method after sampling with gelatine/polycarbonate fi
40、lters VDI 4300 Part 1, Indoor-air pollution measurement General aspects of measurement strategy VDI 4300 Part 2, Indoor-air pollution measurement Measurement strategy for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and pol
41、ychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) VDI 4300 Part 4, Indoor-air pollution measurement Measurement strategy for pentachlorophenol (PCP) and -hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) in indoor air VDI 4300 Part 5, Indoor-air pollution measurement Measurement strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) VDI 4300 Part 6, Measu
42、rement of indoor air pollution Measurement strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) VDI 4300 Part 7, Indoor-air pollution measurement Measurement of indoor air change rate VDI 4300 Part 8, Measurement of indoor air pollution Sampling of house dust VDI 4300 Part 9, Measurement of indoor air pol
43、lution Measurement strategy for carbon dioxide (CO2) VDI 4300 Part 10, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement strategies for determination of mould fungi in indoor environment VDI 4300 Part 11, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement strategies for determination of airborne particle
44、s in indoor environment PM2,5-fraction VDI 4301 Part 1, Indoor-air pollution measurement Determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide Manual photometric method (Saltzman) VDI 4301 Part 2, Indoor air pollution measurement Measurement of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and -hexachlorocyclohexane (li
45、ndane) GC/MS-method VDI 4301 Part 3, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and -hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) GC/ECD method VDI 4301 Part 4, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement of pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide in air, house dust and solvent wip
46、e samples VDI 4301 Part 5, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement of flame retardants and plasticizers based on phosphor organic compounds Phosphoric acid ester VDI 4301 Part 6, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement of phthalates with GC/MS The following VDI Guidelines are under p
47、reparation: VDI 4301 Part 7, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement of carboxylic acids VDI 2464 Part 4, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of persistent, semi-volatile organic halogen compounds DIN ISO 16000-21:2014-057IntroductionMould is a common name for filament
48、ous fungi from different taxonomic groups (ascomycetes, zygomycetes, and their anamorphic states formerly known as deuteromycetes or fungi imperfecti). They form a mycelium and spores by which they become visible macroscopically. Most spores are in the size range of 2 m to 10 m, some up to 30 m, and
49、 only few up to 100 m. Spores of some mould genera are small and become airborne very easily (e.g. Aspergillus, Penicillium) while others are bigger and/or embedded in a slime matrix (e.g. Stachybotrys, Fusarium) and less mobile.Mould spores are widely distributed in the outdoor environment and, therefore, occur in varying concentr
