1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1147:2010Portable ladders for fire serviceuseBS EN 1147:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1147:2010. Itsupersedes B
2、S EN 1147:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee FSH/17/9, Fire appliances and associated operationalequipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purpo
3、rt to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 64648 5ICS 13.220.10; 97.145Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the
4、Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 1147:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1147 May 2010 ICS 13.220.10 Supersedes EN 1147:2000English Version Portable ladders for fire service use chelles portab
5、les lusage des services dincendie Tragbare Leitern fr die Verwendung bei der Feuerwehr This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 April 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of
6、 a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A vers
7、ion in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Rep
8、ublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN D
9、E NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1147:2010: EBS EN 1147:2010EN 1147:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Introduc
10、tion .51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions .64 Categorization 85 Dimensions and total masses 95.1 Length .95.2 Width between stiles .95.3 Mass 96 Rungs 97 Extending ladder requirements . 117.1 Force 117.2 Lines . 117.3 Cables 117.4 Additional safety requirements . 117.5 Pawls 11
11、8 Fittings . 118.1 Hooks . 118.2 Feet . 128.3 Wheels . 129 Stabilizing means 1210 Poles 1211 Materials and finishes 1212 Marking 1313 Performance requirements 1413.1 Deflection All ladders 1413.2 Deflection Compulsory pole . 1513.3 Other tests . 1514 General test parameters . 15Annex A (normative) D
12、eflection test: applicable to all ladders not covered by Annex B except hook ladders (non-destructive) . 17Annex B (normative) Deflection test: applicable to 3-person compulsory pole ladder (non-destructive) 20Annex C (normative) Rung torque test: all ladders (non-destructive) . 23Annex D (normative
13、) Pole test (non-destructive) . 24Annex E (normative) Horizontal test: applicable to all ladders not covered by Annex F except hook ladders (destructive) . 25Annex F (normative) Horizontal test: applicable to 3-person compulsory pole ladder (destructive) . 26Annex G (normative) Pawl test: applicable
14、 to all extension ladders (destructive) . 27BS EN 1147:2010EN 1147:2010 (E) 3 Annex H (normative) Rescue ladder rung test: applicable to all rescue ladders (destructive) 28Annex I (normative) Access ladder rung test: applicable to all access ladders (destructive) . 29Annex J (normative) Hook rung an
15、d ladder integrity test: for tip-loaded hooks (destructive) 30Annex K (normative) Hook rung and ladder integrity test: for mid-loaded hooks (destructive) 31Annex L (normative) Foot side strength test: ground standing ladders (destructive) 32Annex M (informative) Recommendations for test frequency, r
16、epair, servicing and design considerations . 33M.1 Inspection and maintenance 33M.2 Non-destructive test schedule . 33M.3 Design . 34Annex N (informative) Information and recommendations for user safety 35Annex O (informative) A-deviations 36Bibliography 37BS EN 1147:2010EN 1147:2010 (E) 4 Foreword
17、This document (EN 1147:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 192 “Fire service equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
18、November 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
19、patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1147:2000. Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L are normative; Annexes M, N and O are informative. This European Standard contains A-deviations referring to Clauses 6 and 9. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards
20、organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland
21、, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1147:2010EN 1147:2010 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard is based on the performance of portable fire and rescue service ladders in normal use and includes safety requirements. A safety factor of
22、 the order of 3:1 has been used and the mass of a firefighter including personal equipment and breathing apparatus has been taken as 108 kg. The standard sets out minimum and/or maximum values within which the customer may specify his own requirements. In preparing this standard it has been recogniz
23、ed that the operational use of portable ladders varies throughout Europe. BS EN 1147:2010EN 1147:2010 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for portable ladders for fire and rescue service use and associated purposes. The tests in this Eur
24、opean Standard are type tests and not periodical tests. Non-portable ladders for fire and rescue service use are excluded from this standard. NOTE For ladders for other uses see EN 131 (all parts). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of thi
25、s document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 131-2:1993, Ladders Requirements, testing, marking 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following t
26、erms and definitions apply. 3.1 access ladder ladder designed for gaining access NOTE Access ladders are not recommended for rescue by carry-down or carry-up. 3.2 angle of pitch angle between the horizontal plane and the underside of the stiles of the ladder in use 3.3 cable wire rope for mechanical
27、ly extending and housing an extension ladder 3.4 carry-down and carry-up lifting of the whole weight of another person 3.5 compulsory pole ladder ladder where the use of poles to support the ladder is mandatory 3.6 distance between rungs distance measured in the middle line between the stiles from t
28、he upper edge of a rung to the upper edge of an adjacent rung 3.7 extending ladder ladder consisting of two or more sliding sections BS EN 1147:2010EN 1147:2010 (E) 7 3.8 extending line rope for manually extending and housing extending ladder sections 3.9 foot, anti-skid device device fitted to the
29、bottom of ladders to prevent slipping 3.10 hook ladder ladder which has (a) hook(s) from which it is suspended in use 3.11 internal ladder narrow ladder primarily for use inside buildings or restricted spaces 3.12 length overall distance measured from the bottom of the foot to the top of a ladder at
30、 its maximum length 3.13 mechanically operated extending ladder extending ladder where the upper parts are extended by mechanical means for example by extending lines or cables 3.14 multifunction ladder ladder which can be configured to serve more than one function 3.15 one-piece ladder ladder consi
31、sting of one section only 3.16 pawl load-bearing mechanism which holds the sections of an extending ladder in the extended position 3.17 pole device used for handling and/or support and to improve the stability of the ladder 3.18 pulley sheave wheel with a groove in its rim for a rope or cable 3.19
32、push-up extending ladder extending ladder where the upper parts are extended by hand 3.20 rescue ladder ladder designed for rescue by carry-down or carry-up 3.21 roof ladder ladder which follows the surface of a roof and has a hook which hooks over the ridge of the roof BS EN 1147:2010EN 1147:2010 (
33、E) 8 3.22 rung horizontal climbing support with a walking surface attached to stiles to form a ladder 3.23 sectional ladder ladder consisting of several sections that can be fitted together by means of connection devices but the length can only be varied by one whole section at a time 3.24 stabilizi
34、ng means device or part of the ladder the function of which is to improve the stability of the ladder in use 3.25 step in/step out distance between adjacent rung centres where ladder sections overlap 3.26 stile lateral part of a ladder which supports the rungs 3.27 stick ladder ladder with hinged ru
35、ngs enabling the stiles to fold together 3.28 total mass mass of the ladder complete with all extras and fittings as specified 4 Categorization Ladders shall be categorized by their type, the maximum number of persons and mode of use (see Table 1). Table 1 Ladder categories Type of ladder Maximum nu
36、mber of persons Mode of use Extending 3 Rescue and access 2 Rescue and access 1 Access Hook 1 AcceOne piece 3 Rescue and access 2 Rescue and access 1 Access Roof 1 AcceSectional 3 Rescue and access 2 Rescue and access 1 Access Stick 1 AcceNOTE For multifunction ladders reference should be made to th
37、e manufacturers instructions. BS EN 1147:2010EN 1147:2010 (E) 9 5 Dimensions and total masses 5.1 Length The maximum length of a hook ladder shall be 5 000 mm. 5.2 Width between stiles 5.2.1 The minimum width between stiles for different types of ladder (see Figure 1) shall be: for roof ladders 240
38、mm; for hook ladders 170 mm; for stick and internal ladders 230 mm; for all other ladders 295 mm. Figure 1 Width between stiles 5.2.2 The maximum width between stiles on hook ladders shall be 250 mm. 5.3 Mass The mass for different types of ladders shall not be more than: 25 kg for a ladder operated
39、 by one person; 15 kg for hook ladders; 8 kg/m of overall length for all other ladders. 6 Rungs 6.1 The distance between rungs shall remain constant throughout a ladder except where the hook is attached on a hook ladder: for hook ladders the distance between rungs shall be a maximum of 365 mm and a
40、minimum of 280 mm except for the rungs supporting the hook where the distance may be reduced to a minimum of 180 mm; for all other ladders the distance between rungs shall be a maximum of 305 mm and a minimum of 250 mm. 6.2 Rungs shall have a flat or arched non-slip tread surface. Where the non-slip
41、 tread surface is a rung covering, the covering shall not move (see also Annex O). 6.3 Roof ladder rungs shall have a flat or arched non-slip surface on all sides. BS EN 1147:2010EN 1147:2010 (E) 10 6.4 The minimum width/diameter for rungs shall be 25 mm except for wooden rungs where the minimum wid
42、th shall be 20 mm. 6.5 Where ladder sections overlap, maximum step-in and step-out shall be 90 mm between adjacent rung centres (see Figure 2). Figure 2 Position of adjacent rung centres 6.6 Rungs shall be fitted with their tread surface perpendicular to the stile axis (see Figure 2). 6.7 For hook a
43、nd roof ladders, the minimum clearance between the underside of a rung and a flat surface roof or wall shall be 50 mm in the user position (see Figures 3a) and 3b) (see also Annex O). a) Direct contact type b) Stand-off bracket Figure 3 Roof/wall clearance BS EN 1147:2010EN 1147:2010 (E) 11 7 Extend
44、ing ladder requirements 7.1 Force The force to fully extend the ladder shall not exceed 500 N for mechanically operated extending ladders and shall not exceed 260 N for push-up extending ladders. 7.2 Lines The minimum line diameter shall be 8 mm for ladders up to 260 N to extend and 14 mm for ladder
45、s between 260 N and 500 N to extend. Lines shall not obstruct the climbing of the ladder and, where they lie on the front face, a fitting shall be provided to secure the line. The line shall be attached to the ladder such that the surplus does not foul its operation. 7.3 Cables Cables shall have a:
46、minimum breaking load of 2 845 N including its attachments; means of adjustment; closed eyes when used on cable attachments; pulley that is only removable by pulling it through the eye. 7.4 Additional safety requirements Ladders shall be designed and constructed so that it cannot be over-extended. W
47、hen operating the ladder, it shall be designed and constructed in such a manner that if the rope is released in operation, the ladder shall stop or the section(s) shall be lowered in a controlled manner. NOTE Compliance with this section should be without affecting the continued safe operation of th
48、e ladder. 7.5 Pawls Pawls shall be fitted two to a section, to hold the ladder at any extension at which the section rungs coincide. Each pawl shall be capable of supporting the required loads (see Annex G) on its own. NOTE 1 Pawls should be visible from the ground and when climbing the ladder. NOTE
49、 2 Pawls should preferably be independent but may be linked if desired. 8 Fittings 8.1 Hooks Hooks, where fitted, shall conform to the following. BS EN 1147:2010EN 1147:2010 (E) 12 The tip of any hook shall be not less than 260 mm and not greater than 600 mm from the adjacent side of the ladder. Roof ladder hooks shall be constructed so as to minimize damage to the roof surface
