1、BS EN12831:2003IncorporatingCorrigendumJanuary 2009Heating systems inbuildings M ethod forcalculation of thedesign heat loadICS 91.140.10BS EN 12831:2003Incorporating corrigenda January 2009 and September 2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12831:2003.Together w
2、ith BS EN 12828:2003 and BS EN 14336:2004, it supersedesBS 5449:1990, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RHE/24, Central heating installations.Alist of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.I
3、nformative guidance on the use of BS EN 12831:2003 in the UK forforced circulation hot water central heating systems, which may includethose for domestic hot water, with heat requirementsuptoatotal of45 kW is given in National Annex NA (informative).Thispublicationdoesnotpurporttoincludeallthenecess
4、aryprovisionsofacontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance withaBritish Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.Amendments issuedsincepublicationDate Comments31 January 2009 Revision of National Annex NA (informative).Update to supersession details and addit
5、ionalinformation added to National foreword.This British Standardwas published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on22 August 2008#BSI 2009ISBN 978 0580 60475 1BS EN 12831:2003BS EN 12831:2003ISBN 978 0 580 84107 1Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Commen
6、ts31 January 2009 Revision of National Annex NA (informative). Update to supersession details and additional information added to National foreword.30 September 2013 Revision of National Annex NA (informative)This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strateg
7、y Committee on 22 August 2008 The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 12831March 2003ICS 91.140.10English versionHeating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of thedesign heat loadSystmes de chauffage d
8、ans les btiments - Mthode decalcul des dperditions calorifiques de baseHeizungsanlagen in Gebuden - Verfahren zur Berechnungder Norm-HeizlastThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 July 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditi
9、ons for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three officia
10、l versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
11、 Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland andUnited Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORM
12、UNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12831:2003 EEN 12831:2003 (E)2ContentspageFOREWORD .4INTRODUCTION.51 - SCOPE.52 - NORMATIVE REFERENCES.63 - TERMS, DEFINIT
13、IONS AND SYMBOLS73.1 - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS.73.2 - SYMBOLS AND UNITS.94 - PRINCIPLE OF THE CALCULATION METHOD115 - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.125.1 - CALCULATION PROCEDURE FOR A HEATED SPACE125.2 - CALCULATION PROCEDURE FOR A BUILDING ENTITY OR A BUILDING125.3 - CALCULATION PROCEDURE FOR THE SIMPLIFIED
14、 METHOD126 - DATA REQUIRED146.1 - CLIMATIC DATA.146.2 - INTERNAL DESIGN TEMPERATURE146.3 - BUILDING DATA.147 TOTAL DESIGN HEAT LOSS FOR A HEATED SPACE - BASIC CASES167.1 - DESIGN TRANSMISSION HEAT LOSS.167.1.1 - Heat losses directly to the exterior - heat loss coefficient HT,ie167.1.2 - Heat losses
15、through unheated space - heat loss coefficient HT,iue177.1.3 - Heat losses through the ground - heat loss coefficient HT,ig187.1.4 - Heat losses to or from spaces heated at a different temperature - heat loss coefficient HT,ij247.2 - DESIGN VENTILATION HEAT LOSS.257.2.1 - Hygiene - air flow rateimin
16、,V277.2.2 - Infiltration through building envelope - air flow rate iinf,V277.2.3 - Air flow rates due to ventilation systems .287.3 - INTERMITTENTLY HEATED SPACES.298 - DESIGN HEAT LOAD308.1 - DESIGN HEAT LOAD FOR A HEATED SPACE308.2 - DESIGN HEAT LOAD FOR A BUILDING ENTITY OR A BUILDING309 - SIMPLI
17、FIED CALCULATION METHOD.319.1 - DESIGN HEAT LOSS FOR A HEATED SPACE.329.1.1 - Total design heat loss329.1.2 - Design transmission heat loss329.1.3 - Design ventilation heat loss.329.2 DESIGN HEAT LOAD FOR A HEATED SPACE.339.2.1 - Total design heat load .339.2.2 - Intermittently heated spaces339.3 -
18、TOTAL DESIGN HEAT LOAD FOR A BUILDING ENTITY OR A BUILDING.34ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) BASIC PARAMETERS ON HUMAN COMFORT IN INTERIORBS EN 12831:2003 (E)EN 12831:2003 (E)EN 12831:2003 (E)3THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS - SIGNIFICANCE OF OPERATIVE TEMPERATURE IN HEAT LOADCALCULATIONS.35ANNEX B(INFORMATIVE) INSTRUCT
19、IONS FOR DESIGN HEAT LOSS CALCULATION FORSPECIAL CASES38B.1 CEILING HEIGHT AND LARGE ENCLOSURE38B.2 BUILDINGS WHERE AIR TEMPERATURE AND MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY39ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) EXAMPLE OF A DESIGN HEAT LOAD CALCULATION.41C.1 - GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CALCULATION EXAMPL
20、E.41C.1.1 - Sample building description41C.1.2 - Plans of the building.41C.1.3 - Calculations performed.41C.2 - PLANS OF THE BUILDING42C.3 - SAMPLE CALCULATION50C.3.1 - General data .50C.3.2 - Data on materials51C.3.3 - Data on building elements 52C.3.4 - Data on thermal bridges.54C.3.5 - Room trans
21、mission heat losses56C.3.6 - Room ventilation heat losses.58C.3.7 - Heating-up capacity61C.3.8 - Total heat load62C.3.9 - Room heat load with the simplified method64C.3.10 - Total heat load with the simplified method.65ANNEX D (NORMATIVE) DEFAULT VALUES FOR THE CALCULATIONS IN CLAUSES 6 TO 9.66D.1 -
22、 CLIMATIC DATA(SEE 6.1)66D.2 - INTERNAL DESIGN TEMPERATURE(SEE 6.2)66D.3 - BUILDING DATA(SEE 6.3)67D.4 - DESIGN TRANSMISSION HEAT LOSS67D.4.1 - Heat losses directly to the exterior - HT,ie(see 7.1.1)67D.4.2 - Heat losses through unheated space - HT,iue(see 7.1.2)69D.4.3 - Heat losses through the gro
23、und - HT,ig(see 7.1.3)70D.4.4 - Heat losses to or from spaces heated at a different temperature - HT,ij(see 7.1.4).70D.5 - DESIGN VENTILATION HEAT LOSS - HV,I.70D.5.1 - Minimum external air exchange rate - nmin(see 7.2.1 and 9.1.3).70D.5.2 - Air exchange rate - n50(see 7.2.2)71D.5.3 - Shielding coef
24、ficient - e (see 7.2.2).71D.5.4 - Height correction factor - (see 7.2.2).72D.6 - INTERMITTENTLY HEATED SPACES(SEE 7.3 AND 9.2.2).72D.7 - SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD (SEE 9).74D.7.1 - Restrictions of use.74D.7.2 - Temperature correction factor - fk(see 9.1.2).74D.7.3 - Temperature correction factor
25、 - f(see 9.1.1).75BIBLIOGRAPHY76BS EN 12831:2003 (E)EN 12831:2003 (E)EN 12831:2003 (E)4FOREWORDThis document EN 12831:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heatingsystems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS.This European Standard shall be given the status of a n
26、ational standard, either bypublication of anidentical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2003, and conflicting national standardsshall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2004.This document includes one normative annex, annex D, and three informative annexes, annex A, Band C.This doc
27、ument includes a Bibliography.The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following:-Design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.);-Installation of heating systems;-Commissioning of heating systems;-Instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;-Methods for calculation
28、 of the design heat loss and heat loads;-Methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems.All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to t
29、hesystem as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system.Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o productstandards. However,use ofproducts complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee ofcompliance with the system
30、requirements.The requirementsare mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with thefunction of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like.The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functionalrequirements
31、 might be used if fulfilment can be proved.Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditionsand national regulations.In some casesrequirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may beaccommodated.In cases where the standards contradict with national regu
32、lations, the latter should be followed.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of thefollowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irelan
33、d, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.BS EN 12831:2003 (E)EN 12831:2003 (E)EN 12831:2003 (E)5INTRODUCTIONThisstandard specifies a calculation method for calculation of the heat supply needed under standarddesign
34、conditions in order to make sure that the required internal design temperature is obtained.This standard describes calculation of the design heat load:-on a room byroom or heated space by heated space approach, for the purpose of dimensioningthe heat emitters;-on a whole building or building entity
35、approach, for the purpose of dimensioning the heat supply.This standard also provides a simplified calculation method.The set valuesand factorsrequired forcalculation of the heat load should be determined in a nationalannex to this standard. Annex D tabulates all factors, which may be determined on
36、a national level andgives default values for cases where no national values are available.1 - SCOPEThis standard specifies methods for calculating the design heat lossand the design heat load forbasiccases at the design conditions.Basic cases comprise all buildings:-with a limited room height (not e
37、xceeding 5 m);-assumed to be heated to steady state conditions under the design conditions.Examples of such buildings are: residential buildings; office and administration buildings; schools;libraries; hospitals; recreational buildings; prisons; buildings used in the catering trade; departmentstores
38、 and other buildings used for business purposes; industrial buildings.In the annexes, information is also given for dealing with the following special cases:-high ceiling buildings or large enclosure;-buildings where air temperature and mean radiant temperature differ significantly.BS EN 12831:2003
39、(E)EN 12831:2003 (E)EN 12831:2003 (E)62 - NORMATIVE REFERENCESThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from otherpublications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and thepublications are listed hereafter. For dated referenc
40、es, subsequent amendments to orrevisionsofanyof these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it byamendment orrevision. Forundated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (includingamendments).EN 673Glass in building - Determination of the
41、rmal transmittance (U value) - Calculation method.EN ISO 6946Building components and building elements - Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance -Calculation method (ISO 6946:1996).EN ISO 10077-1Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal transmittance -Part 1: S
42、implified method (ISO 10077-1:2000).prEN ISO 10077-2Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal transmittance -Part 2: Numerical method for frames (ISO/DIS 10077-2:1998).EN ISO 10211-1Thermal bridges in building construction - Heat flows and surface temperatures - Par
43、t 1: Generalcalculation methods (ISO 10211-1:1995).EN ISO 10211-2Thermal bridges in building construction - Calculation of heat flows and surface temperatures -Part 2: Linear thermal bridges (ISO 10211-2:2001).EN ISO 10456Building materials and products - Procedures for determining declared and desi
44、gn thermal values(ISO 10456:1999).EN 12524Building materials and products - Hygrothermal properties - Tabulated design values.EN ISO 13370Thermal performance of buildings - Heat transfer via the ground - Calculation methods (ISO13370:1998).EN ISO 14683Thermal bridges in building construction - Linea
45、r thermal transmittance - Simplified methods anddefault values (ISO 14683:1999).BS EN 12831:2003 (E)EN 12831:2003 (E)EN 12831:2003 (E)73 - TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS3.1 - TERMS AND DEFINITIONSFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1.1basementa roo
46、m is considered as a basement if more than 70% of its external wall area is in contact with theground3.1.2building elementbuilding component such as a wall, a floor3.1.3building entitytotal volume of heated spaces served by one common heating system (i.e. single dwellings) where theheat supplied to
47、each single dwelling can be centrally controlled by the occupant3.1.4design temperature differencedifference between the internal design temperature and the external design temperature3.1.5design heat lossquantity of heat per unit time leaving the building to the external environment under specified
48、 designconditions3.1.6design heat loss coefficientdesign heat loss per unit of temperature difference3.1.7design heat transferheat transferred inside a building entity or a building3.1.8design heat loadrequired heat flow necessary to achieve the specified design conditions3.1.9design transmission he
49、at loss of the considered spaceheat loss to the exterior as a result of thermal conduction through the surrounding surfaces, as well asheat transfer between heated spaces inside a building3.1.10design ventilation heat loss of the considered spaceheat loss to the exterior by ventilation and infiltration through the building envelope and the heattransferred by ventilation from one heated space to another heated space3.1.11external air temperaturetemperature of the air outside the buildingBS EN 12831:2003 (E)EN 12831:2003 (E)EN 12831:2003 (E)83.1.12external design tempe
