1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 450-1:2012Fly ash for concretePart 1: Definition, specifications andconformity criteriaBS EN 450-1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK imp
2、lementation of EN 450-1:2012. Itsupersedes BS EN 450-1:2005+A1:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/517/4, Additions for concrete.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This pub
3、lication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 70538 0ICS 91.100.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity
4、 fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 450-1:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 450-1 August 2012 ICS 91.
5、100.30 Supersedes EN 450-1:2005+A1:2007English Version Fly ash for concrete - Part 1: Definition, specifications and conformity criteria Cendres volantes pour bton - Partie 1: Dfinition, spcifications et critres de conformit Flugasche fr Beton - Teil 1: Definition, Anforderungen und Konformittskrite
6、rien This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 July 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical re
7、ferences concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
8、CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedo
9、nia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROP
10、ISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 450-1:2012: EBS EN 450-1:2012EN 450-1:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52
11、Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .64 Specific provisions for fly ash from co-combustion74.1 Co-combustion materials 74.2 Establishment of suitability of fly ash from co-combustion .85 Specifications .85.1 General 85.2 Chemical requirements .85.3 Physical requirements . 105.4 Other requi
12、rements. 115.5 Information to be supplied upon request . 126 Packaging and labelling . 127 Sampling 128 Conformity criteria 128.1 General requirements . 128.2 Statistical conformity criteria 148.3 Single result conformity criteria 17Annex A (normative) Release of dangerous substances and emission of
13、 radioactivity . 18Annex B (normative) Determination of the water requirement for Category S fly ash 19Annex C (normative) Determination method on the content of soluble phosphate (expressed as P2O5) 21Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Const
14、ruction Product Directive. 23Bibliography . 30BS EN 450-1:2012EN 450-1:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 450-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a
15、 national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
16、of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 450-1:2005+A1:2007. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and suppo
17、rts essential requirements of EU Directive 89/106/EEC. For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This document is supported by standards of the series EN 451 for test methods for the determination of free calcium oxide content and of
18、 the fineness by sieving. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below: extension of the permissible content of solid co-combustion materials; extension of the permissible content of liquid and gaseous co-combustion materials; fixed limits for loss on ignition; incorporatio
19、n of the specifications from EN 450-1+A1:2007; general editorial revision. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, De
20、nmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 450-1:
21、2012EN 450-1:2012 (E) 4 Introduction The use of coal for electricity production results in the generation of large quantities of fly ash. Different types of coal and the type of boiler used in this process produce different fly ashes, such as siliceous, silico-calcareous, or calcareous fly ashes wit
22、h pozzolanic and/or latent hydraulic properties. All these types of fly ash are used in concrete production in some European countries, based on national experience and tradition. Before use, fly ash may be subject to processing, for example by classification, selection, sieving, drying, blending, g
23、rinding or carbon reduction, to optimize its fineness, reduce its water demand or to improve other properties. Such processed fly ashes may conform to this document to which reference is made in such case. If they are out of the scope of this document, their suitability for use as Type II additions
24、in concrete according to EN 206-1 may also be established from national standards or provisions or European Technical Approvals valid in the place of use of the concrete and which refer specifically to the use of the addition in concrete conforming to EN 206-1. When using fly ashes conforming to thi
25、s document, it should be noted that, apart from the effect from the pozzolanicity of the fly ash, certain properties of fresh and hardened concrete may be affected. Where relevant, such effects need to be considered in concrete mix design (see EN 206-1). BS EN 450-1:2012EN 450-1:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope T
26、his European Standard specifies requirements for the chemical and physical properties as well as quality control procedures for siliceous fly ash, as defined in 3.2, for use as a type II addition for production of concrete conforming to EN 206-1. Fly ash according to this document may also be used i
27、n mortars and grouts. Fly ash produced with other types or higher percentages of co-combustion materials than those provided for in Clause 4 is outside the scope of this European Standard. It is beyond the scope of this European Standard to specify provisions governing the practical application of f
28、ly ash in the production of concrete, i.e. requirements concerning composition, mixing, placing, curing etc. of concrete containing fly ash. Regarding such provisions, reference should be made to other European or national standards for concrete, such as EN 206-1. 2 Normative references The followin
29、g documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 196-1:2005, Meth
30、ods of testing cement Part 1: Determination of strength EN 196-2:2005 Methods of testing cement Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement Part 3: Determination of setting times and soundness EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing sam
31、ples of cement EN 197-1:2011, Cement Part 1: Composition, specification and conformity criteria for common cements EN 206-1, Concrete Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 450-2:2005, Fly ash for concrete Part 2: Conformity evaluation EN 451-1, Method of testing fly ash Pa
32、rt 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content EN 451-2, Method of testing fly ash Part 2: Determination of fineness by wet sieving EN 933-10, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates Part 10: Assessment of fines Grading of filler aggregates (air jet sieving) EN 1015-3:1999, Methods of test
33、 for mortar for masonry Part 3: Determination of consistence of fresh mortar (by flow table) EN 1097-7, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 7: Determination of the particle density of filler Pyknometer method EN ISO 11885, Water quality Determination of selected elements
34、by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) (ISO 11885) EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions ISO 10694, Soil quality Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis) ISO 29581-2, Cement Test methods Part
35、2: Chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence BS EN 450-1:2012EN 450-1:2012 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 type II addition finely divided inorganic, pozzolanic or latent hydraulic material that may be added to concrete in
36、order to improve certain properties or to achieve special properties Note 1 to entry: See EN 206-1. 3.2 fly ash fine powder of mainly spherical, glassy particles, derived from burning of pulverised coal, with or without co-combustion materials, which has pozzolanic properties and consists essentiall
37、y of SiO2and Al2O3 and which: is obtained by electrostatic or mechanical precipitation of dust-like particles from the flue gases of the power stations; and may be processed, for example by classification, selection, sieving, drying, blending, grinding or carbon reduction, or by combination of these
38、 processes, in adequate production plants, in which case it may consist of fly ashes from different sources, each conforming to the definition given in this clause Note 1 to entry: Municipal and industrial waste incineration ashes do not conform to the definition given in this clause. 3.3 test cemen
39、t selected brand of Portland cement of type CEM I, strength class 42,5 or higher, conforming to EN 197-1 to be used for carrying out the tests needed to evaluate conformity to the requirements of 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.5 and 5.3.6 3.4 particle density average density of fly ash particles, including voids
40、 inside the particles 3.5 activity index ratio (in percent) of the compressive strength of standard mortar bars, prepared with 75 % test cement plus 25 % fly ash by mass, to the compressive strength of standard mortar bars prepared with 100 % test cement, when tested at the same age 3.6 autocontrol
41、continuous statistical quality control of the fly ash based on the testing of samples taken by the producer or their agent at point(s) of release from the fly ash producing facility 3.7 control period period of production and/or dispatch identified for the evaluation of the autocontrol test results
42、3.8 characteristic value value of the required property outside of which lies a specified percentage, the percentile Pk, of all the values of the population 3.9 single result limit value value of a chemical or physical property which for any single test result in the case of an upper limit is not to
43、 be exceeded or in the case of a lower limit is, as a minimum, to be reached BS EN 450-1:2012EN 450-1:2012 (E) 7 3.10 allowable probability of acceptance CR for a given sampling plan, the allowed probability of acceptance of fly ash with a characteristic value outside the specified minimum or maximu
44、m values 3.11 sampling plan specific plan which states the (statistical) sample size(s) to be used, the percentile Pk, and the allowable probability of acceptance CR 3.12 spot sample sample taken at the same time and from one and the same place, relating to the intended tests which can be obtained b
45、y combining one or more immediately consecutive increments Note 1 to entry: See EN 196-7. 3.13 green wood wood originating from trees, bushes and shrubs that is created when processing wood as cross-cut ends, planings, saw dust and shavings used in the form of dust, chips and pellets 4 Specific prov
46、isions for fly ash from co-combustion 4.1 Co-combustion materials Fly ash from co-combustion as defined in 3.2 is obtained from pulverised coal fired simultaneously with at least one co-combustion material as listed in Table 1. The minimum percentage, by dry mass, of coal (Kc) shall be not less than
47、 60 %, or 50 % if the co-combustion material is only from green wood (see 3.13). The maximum proportion of ash derived from co-combustion materials (M) shall not be greater than 30 % by dry mass when calculated from Formula (1). The proportion of ash derived from co-combustion shall be calculated wi
48、th Formula (1): M = 100 (K1 A1+ K2 A2Kn An) / (Kc Ac+ (K1 A1 + K2 A2 Kn An) (1) where M is the proportion of co-combustion ash in total fly ash, in % by mass; Aiis the ash content of co-combustion material no. i, in % by mass; n is the number of co-combustion materials being used; Acis the ash conte
49、nt of coal, in % by mass; Kiand Kcare respectively the proportions of co-combustion material(s) and coal being fired; and where (Kc+ K1 + K2+ Kn) = 1 and Kc 0,60, or 0,50 if the co-combustion material consists of green wood only. In addition, if virtually ash free liquid and gaseous fuels are used as co-combustion materials, their percentage by net calorific value shall be determined and shall not exceed 40 % of the
