1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 4818:2012Aerospace series Passive HFRFID tags intended for aircraftuseBS EN 4818:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN
2、4818:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/1, International and European Aerospace Policy andProcesses.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the
3、necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 77231 3ICS 35.240.60; 49.035Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British S
4、tandard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 4818:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 4818 May 2012 ICS 35.240.60; 49.035 English Version Aerospace series - Passi
5、ve HF RFID tags intended for aircraft use Srie arospatiale - Tags passifs didentification par radiofrquence Haute Frquence (RFID HF) pour usage aronautique Luft- und Raumfahrt - HF Passiv RFID-Tags Fr Luftfahrtverwendung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 February 2012. CEN members are
6、 bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to t
7、he CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Cen
8、tre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Nor
9、way, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in
10、any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 4818:2012: EBS EN 4818:2012EN 4818:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3Introduction 41 Scope . 52 Normative references . 53 Terms and definitions. 64 General requirements . 95 General configuration. 106 Applicability
11、 . 107 Requirements 10Bibliography . 15BS EN 4818:2012EN 4818:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 4818:2012) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN). After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Asso
12、ciation, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsem
13、ent, at the latest by November 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identi
14、fying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germa
15、ny, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 4818:2012EN 4818:2012 (E) 4 Introduction The requirements for RFID tags to be used
16、in the aerospace industry are very different from non-aviation uses. The parts identified by the RFID tags are high value items, which are often used for ten years or more. Reading and writing across a moderate distance, and over the life-spans of these tagged-parts, is expected to improve data accu
17、racy and cost savings. Furthermore, the aerospace industry is subject to unique considerations regarding qualification, regulations, and safety, which are enforced by aviation authorities such as the EASA, FAA, etc. These requirements, coupled with the relatively low manufacturing volumes, will driv
18、e up the per-part cost of tags developed for the aerospace industry. This will generate the need for a set of RFID tags specifically designed for use on aircraft. Adherence to this European Standard will decrease the development cost of these low-volume, high-capability RFID tags. BS EN 4818:2012EN
19、4818:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope The scope of this European Standard is to: Provide a requirements document for RFID Tag Manufacturers to produce passive HF tags for the Aerospace industry. Identify the minimum performance requirements specific to passive HF tags used on aircraft parts, accessed only during
20、ground operations. Specify the test requirements specific to passive HF tags for airborne use, in addition to EUROCAE ED-14 / RTCA DO-160 latest issue compliance requirements separately called out in this document. Identify existing standards applicable to passive HF tags. Provide a qualification st
21、andard for passive HF tags which will use permanently-affixed installation on aircraft and aircraft parts. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the editio
22、n cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. All RFID applications must be compliant with local r
23、egulation in force (i.e. FCC for US, CEPT/ETSi for Europe). ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 3: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 13,56 MHz 1)ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology Radio frequency identification device perf
24、ormance test methods Part 3: Test methods for tag performance 1)ISO/IEC TR 18047-3, Information technology Radio frequency identification device conformance test methods Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz 1)DO-160 / ED-14, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures
25、for Airborne Equipment 2)ATA SPEC 2000, E-Business Specification for Materials Management 3)MIL-STD-810, Department of Defense Test Method Standard for Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests 4)1) Published by: ISO International Organization for Standardization http:/www.iso.ch
26、/.2) Published by: International Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics http:/ and by EUROCAE Regional (EU) EURopean Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment http:/www.eurocae.org/.3) Published by: Air Transport Association Publications.4) Published by: DoD National (US) Mil. Department of Defe
27、nse http:/www.defenselink.mil/.BS EN 4818:2012EN 4818:2012 (E) 6 FAR 14 CFR 25, Aeronautics and Space Part 25: Airworthiness standards: Transport Category Airplanes AC 20-162, Airworthiness Approval and Operational Allowance of RFID Systems 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document,
28、the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS used on products created for the aerospace industry 3.2 AIRBORNE USE used on aircraft while in flightas opposed to Ground Service Equipment, which is used on aircraft, but only while, the aircraft is on the ground 3.3 ATA: AIR TRA
29、NSPORT ASSOCIATION airline trade association whose purpose is to foster a business and regulatory environment that ensures safe and secure air transportation. ATA coordinates standards-creation in support of this purpose. 3.4 BACKSCATTER the Radio Frequency (RF) energy reflected by the tag to transm
30、it information to the interrogator. The RFID tags chip and antenna modulates the incident energy and reflects it back (same orientation but opposite direction). Backscatter is what the interrogator device “reads.” An inert piece of aluminium will reflect RF energy, but in the absence of modulation,
31、it is “reflection”, not “backscatter.” 3.5 BAP Battery Assisted Passive RFID tags that have an on-board battery to power the electronics in the tag, minimizing the power required from the interrogator Radio Frequency Beam. They backscatter like a passive UHF tag only when they are interrogated. BAP
32、tags have greater read ranges than purely passive tags. 3.6 BAR-CODE a standard method of identifying items based on lines of varying widths and spacing that are visually read by a scanner 3.7 BLINK RATE the rate at which an active Chip/Tag sends out s signal to look for, this can be adjusted from h
33、ours to seconds depending on the application and desired battery life of the RFID tag 3.8 CHIP “chip”, or “microchip”, refers to integrated circuits, or ICs. This is the “brain” of the RFID tag. RFID chips modulate reflected RF power to transmit data back to an RFID reader, or “interrogator”. 3.9 EA
34、SA European Aviation Safety Agency BS EN 4818:2012EN 4818:2012 (E) 7 3.10 EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power the amount of power that would have to be emitted by an isotropic antenna (that evenly distributes power in all directions and is a theoretical construct) to produce the peak power
35、density observed in the direction of maximum antenna gain 3.11 EUROCAE European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment 3.12 FAA Federal Aviation Administration the airworthiness and aviation authority in the United States of America 3.13 FAR FIELD ZONE: D D (2.a)2/l where D far field zone; a maxi
36、mal size of the antenna; l wavelength = c/f. 3.14 HF High Frequency covers the 13,56 MHz frequency band 3.15 HUMAN-READABLE human-readable refers to a representation of information that can be naturally read by humans. In most contexts, the alternative representation is data primarily designed for r
37、eading by a machine, e.g., scanner/computer/etc. 3.16 INLAY the RFID inlay is comprised of four primary components: chip, attachment harness, antenna, and substrate. An antenna is either laid or printed on a substrate material (typically a polymer). Designers create antenna patterns to satisfy speci
38、fic performance requirements. The “chip” is harnessed to the antenna pattern so that the contacts on the chip make contact with the appropriate legs of the antenna. 3.17 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) see “Chip” 3.18 INTERROGATOR (READER/WRITTER) Radio Frequency device whose purpose is to read data from RF
39、ID tags or write data to them. There exist both hand-held versions and desk-top versions. Hand-held interrogators have battery power and on-board modulator/demodulators to allow reading permanently-affixed tags while moving past them, and are usually limited in power output. BS EN 4818:2012EN 4818:2
40、012 (E) 8 3.19 ISO: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION for STANDARDIZATION an international association that manages the process of setting global standards for communications and information exchange 3.20 LABEL label is comprised of three primary components: an RFID inlay, an outer surface (often used for
41、printing), and a bonding surface. Other layers and components are often added to provide addition features and performance to the label. 3.21 LRU Line Replaceable Unit a component that can be pulled off the aircraft by “line” mechanics and replaced with an identical part, as opposed to requiring dep
42、ot-level or manufacturers AOG (airplane on the ground) teams to do maintenance in situ 3.22 MACHINE-READABLE the term machine-readable (or computer-readable) refers to information encoded in a form which can be read (i.e., scanned/sensed) by a machine/computer and interpreted by the machines hardwar
43、e and/or software. Machine-readable technologies include optical character recognition (OCR) and barcodes. 3.23 PASSIVE the most common RFID tags, in which a interrogator transmits an energy field that “energizes” the tag and provides the power for the tag to backscatter 3.24 RANGE the straight line
44、 distance between two articles, e.g., an RFID tag and an RFID interrogator 3.25 RANGE, MINIMUM REQUIRED the minimum distance between the RFID chip and the interrogators antenna that satisfies a requirement for a customers specifications or the performance grades included in this specification 3.26 R
45、EADER/WRITTER see “Interrogator,” above 3.27 RFID Radio Frequency IDentification a mechanism of applying a unique identifier to an artefact, plant, person or animal for the purpose of tracking, tracing and locating, using machine readable, non-line of sight technologies. RFID technology provides for
46、 non-line of sight creation, modification and deletion of the unique identifier. RF is defined as Radio Frequency, which describes non-line of sight transmission of data and energy between a radio transmitter/receiver known as an interrogator (reader) and the ID chip that contains the identifier (ID
47、). 3.28 RTCA: RADIO TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR AERONAUTICS RTCA, Inc. is a private, not-for-profit corporation that develops consensus-based recommendations regarding communications, navigation, surveillance, and air traffic management (CNS/ATM) system issues. RTCA functions as a Federal Advisory Comm
48、ittee. BS EN 4818:2012EN 4818:2012 (E) 9 3.29 SCD: SPECIFICATION CONTROL DOCUMENT a requirements document used in lieu of, or in addition to, engineering drawings, and which specifies required performance, physical envelope, and interfaces with adjacent equipment and systems 3.30 SECURITY some minim
49、um level of encoding or password-protecting a data source in order to prevent tampering or inadvertent loss 3.31 TAG RFID tag is comprised of primary components: a RFID inlay, an outer surface (often used for printing), a bonding surface and a specific packaging 3.32 TEMPERATURE, OPERATING the temperature at which the RFID device will normally be interrogated or used 3.33 TEMPERATURE, SURVIVAL the extreme temperatures to which an RFID device will be exposed. The RFID device is not ex
