1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 6072:2010Aerospace series Metallicmaterials Test methods Constant amplitude fatiguetestingBS EN 6072:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK i
2、mplementation of EN 6072:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/61, Metallic materials for aerospace purposes.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include al
3、l the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 69120 1ICS 49.025.05Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Str
4、ategy Committee on 30 September 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 6072:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 6072 June 2010 ICS 49.025.05 English Version Aerospace series - Metallic materials - Test methods - Constant amplitude fatigue testing Srie ar
5、ospatiale - Matriaux mtalliques - Mthodes dessai - Essai de fatigue amplitude constante Luft- und Raumfahrt - Metallische Werkstoffe - Prfverfahren - Ermdungstest mit konstanter Amplitude This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 December 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CEN
6、ELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to an
7、y CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
8、 CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sloveni
9、a, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN nati
10、onal Members. Ref. No. EN 6072:2010: EBS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principles of the method .55 Apparatus .56 Test specimens 57 Procedure .68 Analysis of test results .79 Test report 7Annex A (normative) Axial
11、Fatigue - Cylindrical specimen . 13Annex B (normative) Axial Fatigue - Flat specimen (Kt= 1,0) 17Annex C (normative) Axial Fatigue - Flat specimen - “T-Type“ and mini “T-Type“ specimen (Kt= 2,3) . 19Annex D (normative) Bending Fatigue - Flat specimen . 22Annex E (normative) Recommendations for machi
12、ning procedure of specimen . 24E.1 Cylindrical specimens 24E.2 Flat specimens 27Annex F (normative) Indication of failure sites . 30Annex G (normative) Table of fatigue test results 31Annex H (normative) Representation of fatigue data . 32Annex I (informative) Example of inspection card process . 33
13、BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 6072:2010) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN). After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has received the
14、 approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, an
15、d conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Ac
16、cording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
17、Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard defines a method to determine constant amplitude fatigue data of metall
18、ic materials and the S-N curve (or Whler curve). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including an
19、y amendments) applies. ISO 286-1, ISO system of limits and fits Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits ISO 965-1, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads Tolerances Part 1: Principles and basic data ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Geometrical tolerancing Tolerances of f
20、orm, orientation, location and run-out ASTM E 466, Standard practice for conducting force controlled constant amplitude axial fatigue tests of metallic materials1)ASTM E 1823, Standard terminology relating to fatigue and fracture testing 1)3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, t
21、he terms and definitions given in ASTM E 1823 and the following apply. 3.1 Direction of test samples 3.1.2 cylindrical specimens the direction of the sample is identified by the following symbols: L : Long (grain flow direction); LT : Long Transverse; ST : Short Transverse. The directions of semi-fi
22、nished products of rectangular cross section for rolled or extruded products and forgings are identified on Figure 1. The directions of semi-finished products of circular cross section for rolled products and forged rings are identified on Figure 2. 3.1.2 flat specimens designation for direction of
23、these specimens is identical to ASTM designation: Two letters separated by a dash: First letter : direction of load Second letter : direction of crack propagation The directions of semi-finished products of rectangular cross section for rolled or extruded products and hand forgings are identified on
24、 Figure 3. 1)Published by: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA. BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 5 The directions of semi-finished products of circular cross section for drawn or extruded products and hand forgings are identified on Figure
25、4. 4 Principles of the method See ASTM E 466. 5 Apparatus See ASTM E 466 (calibrating to ISO 7500-1 is also acceptable). 6 Test specimens 6.1 General Test specimens shall be prepared according to the requirements of the relevant Process or Material Standard. 6.2 Geometry The geometry of test specime
26、ns is described in Annexes A to D. 6.3 Machining 6.3.1 Dimensional tolerances Machining tolerances (according to ISO 286-1) on transverse dimensions: ISO js 12. Form tolerances (according to ISO 1101) = ISO IT9. Specimens shall be machined cold, without generating surface hardening nor appreciable h
27、eating of the metal. Recommendations for machining procedure of specimens are given in Annex E for each type of specimen. Final machining to comply with the tolerances and to obtain the surface finish required on the calibrated section (see Annexes A to D). 6.3.2 Specimens to be heat-treated The hea
28、t treatment should preferably be applied to the specimen blanks to avoid distortion, which cannot be corrected by machining. Final machining after heat treatment, in accordance with 6.3.1. NOTE For steels treated to obtain a high UTS, it may be necessary to machine the specimens to the final dimensi
29、ons in the as-delivered condition and then protect them before heat treatment. In general, the surface of steel and aluminium alloys specimens shall be: either protected against corrosion by an appropriate product, or machined only shortly before carrying out the test. BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E
30、) 6 6.3.3 Grinding Grinding of steel and titanium specimens shall only be carried out when a process is available which guarantees no detrimental effects to the specimen surface, for example contamination. 6.4 Straightening It is strictly forbidden to straighten a distorted specimen. Such distortion
31、 can arise from heat treatment on specimens machined to their final dimensions. The surface hardening generated by the mechanical equipment used to straighten the specimens affects the mechanical properties and gives unrepresentative results. 7 Procedure 7.1 Number of specimens A minimum of 10 fatig
32、ue specimens with valid results is necessary to determine a Whler curve. Upon request, a static loaded specimen shall be performed. 7.2 Measurements of specimen dimensions The dimensions of the test specimens shall be measured before testing and the results reported in the test report (see Clause 9)
33、. 7.3 Test procedure Load ratio R and Ktfactor are given in the relevant Process or Material Standard. The test frequency shall be not more than 170 Hz. For frequency greater than 50 Hz, it is advisable to carry dynamic calibrations on test work. The choice of load levels shall be done in order that
34、 test results can be regularly positioned on the S-N curve between at least 104and 3.106cycles, so that a Whler curve can be raised. For qualification of materials, cycling must not be stopped before 3.106cycles, unless other conditions are specified. In case of non-failure at 3.106cycles (or more),
35、 specimen can be tested again at a higher load level that will lead to failure before 105cycles. Test results must mention that specimen has been tested after a non-failure so that analysis can take it into account. NOTE For load ratio R 0, it is recommended to use anti buckling equipment. The break
36、ing near the grip and the associated number of cycles shall be mentioned in the test report (see Clause 9). In this case the specimen should be clamped again (if possible) and the test should be continued at the same load level. In order to check the reproducibility and friability of test machine, a
37、n example of inspection card is given in Annex I. BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 7 8 Analysis of test results 8.1 Failure of specimens After testing, specimens shall be examined. Failure type and sites shall be indicated (see Annex F). 8.2 Presentation of fatigue data All the values measured and ca
38、lculated from the specimens shall be reported in a table (see Annex G). The cross section of the specimen, which has been used for calculation, shall be indicated. 8.3 Plot of the Whler curve All the individual results shall be represented in a log (or semi-log) scale scheme: max. stress in MPa, , v
39、ersus Fatigue life, number of cycles, N (see Annex H). The analysis of the test results shall generate a mean Whler curve with 50 % probability of failure, in addition two curves for minimum and for maximum probability of failure. 9 Test report The test report shall refer to the test method and shal
40、l include the following: Complete identification of the tested material including the manufacturers Name, Designation, and Batch Number. All details relating to the preparation of the specimens. All relevant dimensions of the specimens. Date of test and traceability to the individual performing the
41、test work. Conditioning. Equipment used and test parameters (R ratio, test frequency, orientation .). Recorded plots/graphs (with all the points). Individual test results and type of failure (see Annex F and Annex G). Any incident which may have affected the results, and any deviation from the test
42、method. BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 8 Key L : Long (grain flow direction) LT : Long Transverse ST : Short Transverse Figure 1 Cylindrical specimens - Direction of semi-finished products of rectangular cross section BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 9 Key 1 Axial: corresponds to LT direction 2 Radi
43、al: corresponds to ST direction 3 Tangential: corresponds to L direction (grain flow direction) Depending on the forging axis, the LT and ST directions can change. Figure 2 Cylindrical specimens - Direction of semi-finished products of circular cross section BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 10 Key L
44、: Long (grain flow direction) LT : Long Transverse ST : Short Transverse Two letters separated by a dash: First letter : direction of load Second letter : direction of crack propagation Figure 3 Flat specimens - Direction of semi-finished products of rectangular cross sectionBS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2
45、010 (E) 11 Key L: direction of grain flow R: radial direction C: circumferential direction Figure 4 Flat specimens - Direction of semi-finished products of circular cross section BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 12 Figure 5 Tool for chamfering (can be ordered from Recoules Society or from Rexim Werkz
46、eug GmbH) BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 13 Annex A (normative) Axial Fatigue - Cylindrical specimen Key 1 Calibrated section 2 Marking area General tolerance = js 12 Form tolerance = IT 9 Thread tolerance = ISO 965-1 class 6g Figure A.1 Reference FCE type A BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 14 Detai
47、l X Key 1 Marking area 2 Calibrated section General tolerance = js 12 Form tolerance = IT 9 Thread tolerance = ISO 965-1 class 6g Figure A.2 Reference FCE type C to J BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 15 Key 1 Calibrated section 2 Marking area General tolerance = js 12 Form tolerance = IT 9 Thread tol
48、erance = ISO 965-1 class 6g Figure A.3 Reference FCE type BBS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 16 Table A.1 Dimensions Dimension in millimetres Reference cross section L M N P Q R S Type Ktr Tolerance on r mm212,5 60 19 7 34 3,99 13 M 12 Pitch 100 A 2 1,035 28 0,5 C 21,7 1 0,02 D 22,3 0,42 E 23,3 0,18 I
49、 2,5 0,35 J 3 0,22 25 80 13 10 48 5,64 0,0320 M 16 Pitch 100 A 21,035 40 1 C 21,7 1,41 0,02 D 22,3 0,60 E 23,3 0,25 I 2,5 0,49 J 3 0,31 50 110 19 14 68 7,98 0,0431 M 22 Pitch 100 A 11,035 56 1 C 21,7 2 0,02 D 22,3 0,84 E 23,3 0,36 I 2,5 0,7 J 3 0,44 95 147 19 - 97 11 90 M 22 Pitch 100 B 1 Length of calibrated section = 35 mm 1Can be lengthened to 80 mm 2Recommended type BS EN 6072:2010EN 6072:2010 (E) 17 Annex B (normative) Axial Fat
